Vijendra Kawle | Osmania Medical College (original) (raw)
Papers by Vijendra Kawle
Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as an important pathogen causing hospital acquired infections... more Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as an important pathogen causing hospital acquired infections. It has been reported as the cause of serious infectious diseases involving mostly patients with impaired host defences, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Emergence of metallo –βlactamases (MBL) producing multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii is a matter of concern in an intensive care unit (ICU). The present study was directed to find out the incidence, antibiotic susceptibility and metallo β lactamases production of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from various clinical samples, in an intensive care unit. Material and Methods in this study Isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii from various clinical samples was done over a period of 1 year. The isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity as per conventional methods. Imipenem resistant isolates were further tested for MBL production by double disk synergy test and MBL E test. In Results the Total number of Acinetobacter bau...
Indian journal of medical microbiology, 2020
CONTEXT Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now a preferred mode of the treatment... more CONTEXT Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now a preferred mode of the treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease, but peritonitis remains to be a shortcoming of CAPD. High-culture negativity, emerging drug resistance and peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related morbidity and mortality have been a challenge to tackle. AIMS The present study was taken up to compare the the various culture methods and to identify the spectrum of organisms causing CAPD peritonitis and their outcome. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Hyderabad over a period of 1 year. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Dialysate fluid from 100 episodes of clinically suspected peritonitis in 75 patients was processed by conventional centrifuging, water lysis, direct inoculation and addition of centrifuged pellet into brain-heart infusion broth and by automated blood culture system. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility o...
Introduction: Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Identi... more Introduction: Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Identification of bacterial isolates from specimens of burns patients and study of their drug susceptibility pattern helps in determining empirical antimicrobial therapy to burns patients. Aim: To identify the common aerobic bacterial isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility in specimens collected from burn wounds including methicillin resistance in Staphylococci and production of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Material & Methods: A total of 1600 Specimens from burn wounds received at Microbiology laboratory of the tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad from July 2012 to December 2013 were included in the study. The specimens were processed according to standard laboratory protocols, isolates were identified by conventional biochemical methods and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Among 16...
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2016
Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, es... more Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as India. It afflicts local inhabitants as well as travellers to endemic areas. It has a mortality rate of 30% if not treated properly though appropriate treatment reduces the mortality rate to as low as 0.5%. Multi drug resistant Salmonella are still common in many areas, although in some regions highly sensitive strains have re-emerged. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from blood samples was done over a period of 1 year. The isolates were confirmed as Salmonella by using a battery of biochemical reactions. Specific antisera were used for serologic characterization of Salmonella strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also evaluated for ciprofloxacin by E test. Total number of Salmonella isolates from clinical samples was 78. Six isolates (7.6%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Eight isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. Among the antibiotics used for susceptibility testing of the isolates, all the isolates were found to be susceptible to cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and azithromycin. 92.3 % of the Salmonella spp. were susceptible to chloramphenicol, 91 % to co-trimoxazole and 88.4 % of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin. Only 12.9% of the isolates were found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 10.3% to nalidixic acid. The present study revealed the increased rate of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella spp. associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in contrast to increased susceptibility of the strains to conventional first-line drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. So, the conventional first-line drugs along with the third generation cephalosporins and azithromycin can be used as empiric therapy for treatment of enteric fever in our setting.
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2016
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginitis. If untreated, it is associated wi... more Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginitis. If untreated, it is associated with serious complications. BV is a poly-microbial, synergistic infection, involving over-growth of multiple bacterial pathogens. Vaginal flora becomes altered leading to increased pH due to decrease in lactobacilli (which produce H 2 O 2) .Although Nugent's criterion is considered as the gold standard in diagnosis of BV, routinely a combination of various methods is used for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis(BV). In the present study we compared Amsel's composite clinical criteria with Nugent's method for the diagnosis of BV. The study was undertaken from February-November, 2015 at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad. The study consisted of women with complaints of vaginal discharge. BV was diagnosed based on Amsel's criteria and Nugent's scoring. For each case, the following were interpreted: pH, Whiff test (a test in which vaginal secretions are mixed with 10% KOH resulting in a fishy odor typical of bacterial vaginosis)and the presence of the clue cells on vaginal wet smear. Gram staining was performed for Nugent's method. The present study included 362 cases of abnormal vaginal discharge. Prevalence of BV was 48%. Age group 24-29 years was most affected. Amsel's criteria detected 170/362 whereas Nugent score identified 173/362 subjects as having bacterial vaginosis. In comparison with Nugent's criteria the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Amsel's criteria were 78.72%, 92.35%, 75.51% and 93.54%. The prevalence rate of BV in present study high. With limited resources in developing countries like ours, there is a great need for inexpensive diagnostic methods for bacterial vaginosis. Amsel's criteria is as good as Nugent's scoring in diagnosis of BVand it is simple, easy, cost effective, fast and reliable, and can be done in OPD which can be used for precise and fast treatment.
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, Jul 1, 2016
Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, es... more Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as India. It afflicts local inhabitants as well as travellers to endemic areas. It has a mortality rate of 30% if not treated properly though appropriate treatment reduces the mortality rate to as low as 0.5%. Multi drug resistant Salmonella are still common in many areas, although in some regions highly sensitive strains have re-emerged. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from blood samples was done over a period of 1 year. The isolates were confirmed as Salmonella by using a battery of biochemical reactions. Specific antisera were used for serologic characterization of Salmonella strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also evaluated for ciprofloxacin by E test. Total number of Salmonella isolates from clinical samples was 78. Six isolates (7.6%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Eight isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. Among the antibiotics used for susceptibility testing of the isolates, all the isolates were found to be susceptible to cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and azithromycin. 92.3 % of the Salmonella spp. were susceptible to chloramphenicol, 91 % to co-trimoxazole and 88.4 % of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin. Only 12.9% of the isolates were found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 10.3% to nalidixic acid. The present study revealed the increased rate of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella spp. associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in contrast to increased susceptibility of the strains to conventional first-line drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. So, the conventional first-line drugs along with the third generation cephalosporins and azithromycin can be used as empiric therapy for treatment of enteric fever in our setting.
Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as an important pathogen causing hospital acquired infections... more Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as an important pathogen causing hospital acquired infections. It has been reported as the cause of serious infectious diseases involving mostly patients with impaired host defences, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Emergence of metallo –βlactamases (MBL) producing multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii is a matter of concern in an intensive care unit (ICU). The present study was directed to find out the incidence, antibiotic susceptibility and metallo β lactamases production of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from various clinical samples, in an intensive care unit. Material and Methods in this study Isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii from various clinical samples was done over a period of 1 year. The isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity as per conventional methods. Imipenem resistant isolates were further tested for MBL production by double disk synergy test and MBL E test. In Results the Total number of Acinetobacter bau...
Indian journal of medical microbiology, 2020
CONTEXT Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now a preferred mode of the treatment... more CONTEXT Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now a preferred mode of the treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease, but peritonitis remains to be a shortcoming of CAPD. High-culture negativity, emerging drug resistance and peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related morbidity and mortality have been a challenge to tackle. AIMS The present study was taken up to compare the the various culture methods and to identify the spectrum of organisms causing CAPD peritonitis and their outcome. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Hyderabad over a period of 1 year. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Dialysate fluid from 100 episodes of clinically suspected peritonitis in 75 patients was processed by conventional centrifuging, water lysis, direct inoculation and addition of centrifuged pellet into brain-heart infusion broth and by automated blood culture system. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility o...
Introduction: Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Identi... more Introduction: Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Identification of bacterial isolates from specimens of burns patients and study of their drug susceptibility pattern helps in determining empirical antimicrobial therapy to burns patients. Aim: To identify the common aerobic bacterial isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility in specimens collected from burn wounds including methicillin resistance in Staphylococci and production of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Material & Methods: A total of 1600 Specimens from burn wounds received at Microbiology laboratory of the tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad from July 2012 to December 2013 were included in the study. The specimens were processed according to standard laboratory protocols, isolates were identified by conventional biochemical methods and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Among 16...
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2016
Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, es... more Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as India. It afflicts local inhabitants as well as travellers to endemic areas. It has a mortality rate of 30% if not treated properly though appropriate treatment reduces the mortality rate to as low as 0.5%. Multi drug resistant Salmonella are still common in many areas, although in some regions highly sensitive strains have re-emerged. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from blood samples was done over a period of 1 year. The isolates were confirmed as Salmonella by using a battery of biochemical reactions. Specific antisera were used for serologic characterization of Salmonella strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also evaluated for ciprofloxacin by E test. Total number of Salmonella isolates from clinical samples was 78. Six isolates (7.6%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Eight isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. Among the antibiotics used for susceptibility testing of the isolates, all the isolates were found to be susceptible to cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and azithromycin. 92.3 % of the Salmonella spp. were susceptible to chloramphenicol, 91 % to co-trimoxazole and 88.4 % of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin. Only 12.9% of the isolates were found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 10.3% to nalidixic acid. The present study revealed the increased rate of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella spp. associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in contrast to increased susceptibility of the strains to conventional first-line drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. So, the conventional first-line drugs along with the third generation cephalosporins and azithromycin can be used as empiric therapy for treatment of enteric fever in our setting.
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2016
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginitis. If untreated, it is associated wi... more Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginitis. If untreated, it is associated with serious complications. BV is a poly-microbial, synergistic infection, involving over-growth of multiple bacterial pathogens. Vaginal flora becomes altered leading to increased pH due to decrease in lactobacilli (which produce H 2 O 2) .Although Nugent's criterion is considered as the gold standard in diagnosis of BV, routinely a combination of various methods is used for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis(BV). In the present study we compared Amsel's composite clinical criteria with Nugent's method for the diagnosis of BV. The study was undertaken from February-November, 2015 at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad. The study consisted of women with complaints of vaginal discharge. BV was diagnosed based on Amsel's criteria and Nugent's scoring. For each case, the following were interpreted: pH, Whiff test (a test in which vaginal secretions are mixed with 10% KOH resulting in a fishy odor typical of bacterial vaginosis)and the presence of the clue cells on vaginal wet smear. Gram staining was performed for Nugent's method. The present study included 362 cases of abnormal vaginal discharge. Prevalence of BV was 48%. Age group 24-29 years was most affected. Amsel's criteria detected 170/362 whereas Nugent score identified 173/362 subjects as having bacterial vaginosis. In comparison with Nugent's criteria the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Amsel's criteria were 78.72%, 92.35%, 75.51% and 93.54%. The prevalence rate of BV in present study high. With limited resources in developing countries like ours, there is a great need for inexpensive diagnostic methods for bacterial vaginosis. Amsel's criteria is as good as Nugent's scoring in diagnosis of BVand it is simple, easy, cost effective, fast and reliable, and can be done in OPD which can be used for precise and fast treatment.
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, Jul 1, 2016
Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, es... more Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a global health problem causing high morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas such as India. It afflicts local inhabitants as well as travellers to endemic areas. It has a mortality rate of 30% if not treated properly though appropriate treatment reduces the mortality rate to as low as 0.5%. Multi drug resistant Salmonella are still common in many areas, although in some regions highly sensitive strains have re-emerged. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from blood samples was done over a period of 1 year. The isolates were confirmed as Salmonella by using a battery of biochemical reactions. Specific antisera were used for serologic characterization of Salmonella strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per CLSI guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were also evaluated for ciprofloxacin by E test. Total number of Salmonella isolates from clinical samples was 78. Six isolates (7.6%) were found to be multidrug resistant. Eight isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. Among the antibiotics used for susceptibility testing of the isolates, all the isolates were found to be susceptible to cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and azithromycin. 92.3 % of the Salmonella spp. were susceptible to chloramphenicol, 91 % to co-trimoxazole and 88.4 % of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin. Only 12.9% of the isolates were found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 10.3% to nalidixic acid. The present study revealed the increased rate of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella spp. associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in contrast to increased susceptibility of the strains to conventional first-line drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. So, the conventional first-line drugs along with the third generation cephalosporins and azithromycin can be used as empiric therapy for treatment of enteric fever in our setting.