David Ohare | University of Otago (original) (raw)
Papers by David Ohare
Proceedings Sixth Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction
is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The d... more is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The department offers courses of study leading to a major in Information Science within the BCom, BA and BSc degrees. In addition to undergraduate teaching, the department is also strongly involved in postgraduate programmes leading to the MBA, MCom and PhD degrees. Research projects in software engineering and software development, information engineering and database, artificial intelligence/expert systems, geographic information systems, advanced information systems management and data communications are particularly well supported at present.
Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 2019
The efficacy of family budgeting programs is often measured purely in terms of financial outcomes... more The efficacy of family budgeting programs is often measured purely in terms of financial outcomes. There has been less research on its potential impacts on cognitive outcomes. The present study investigated whether an existing financial counseling intervention could help people improve their deliberative cognitive capacity. A community sample of participants in Auckland, New Zealand who identified that they wanted to better manage their money were randomly assigned to a month-long financial counseling intervention or a wait-list control group. Results showed that participants exposed to the intervention had a greater improvement in self-control than participants in the control group, and that self-control improved more for people with a low income than a high income. Financial counseling interventions may impart broader cognitive benefits that help people escape further financial hardship.
Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 2011
This report was produced by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), PO Box 967, Civic Squa... more This report was produced by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608. Readers are advised that the ATSB investigates for the sole purpose of enhancing safety. Consequently, reports are confined to matters of safety significance and may be misleading if used for any other purpose. As the ATSB believes that safety information is of greatest value if it is passed on for the use of others, copyright restrictions do not apply to material printed in this report. Readers are encouraged to copy or reprint for further distribution, but should acknowledge the ATSB as the source.
Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, 2011
Videoconferencing technology is increasingly used for work and personal use. While a lot of resea... more Videoconferencing technology is increasingly used for work and personal use. While a lot of research has been done on the perceptual qualities of videoconferencing systems, little research has been done on selftransmission or the ways in which individuals manage and control the impressions received by the communication partner. In an experimental study with 134 participants, we investigated the influence of the availability of body language and both partners' gender on the ability to transmit oneself in videoconferencing. We found that participant gender and partner gender both had significant effects on perceptions of dominance/persuasion and impression management. We discuss these results in relation to the transmission of self in remote communication and their implications for future design and research.
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction, 2010
Videoconferencing systems are increasingly used for a variety of tasks. Many of these tasks deman... more Videoconferencing systems are increasingly used for a variety of tasks. Many of these tasks demand reliable, high quality communication support. Trust plays an important role in interpersonal communication, sometimes even as an enabler for effective communication. We present findings of an experimental study with 64 participants investigating the influence of task type and the amount of visual information available to the participants on trust and related factors. Significant effects were found for task type, view restrictions, satisfaction, social presence, and gender.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2001
General Aviation (GA) accidents involving 'VFR into IMC' continue to be a major source of fatalit... more General Aviation (GA) accidents involving 'VFR into IMC' continue to be a major source of fatalities with a fatality rate more than four times greater than for GA accidents in general. We report two studies into the causes of crosscountry weather-related accidents. In the first study we analyse the records of 77 New Zealand crashes where it could be determined that the aircraft was on a crosscountry flight. We compared the characteristics of crashes that occurred after externally-driven events such as enginefailures with crashes where the pilot maintained ongoing control over the aircraft. Significant differences were found for distance into the flight, visibility, altitude, crash severity and for the pilots' age and recent flight time. In the second study, 18 qualified GA pilots completed two simulated crosscountry flights involving several commonly encountered weather conditions with or without the use of GPS. Detailed measures of decision making, risk assessment and situational awareness were collected during the flights. We discuss the implications of the findings for training and flight safety in general aviation.
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, 2012
The way we are perceived and we are presenting ourselves in videoconferencing situations is influ... more The way we are perceived and we are presenting ourselves in videoconferencing situations is influenced by many factors. Earlier work showed that there are strong effects of participant gender, partner gender, and body language availability on feelings of self-transmission efficacy in videoconferencing. Because participants rated their efficacy at domination and impression management differently when body language was restricted and unrestricted, it was reasoned that users may desire to control body language availability. This study shows that gender of the participants, task, and initial body language availability (determined by the field of view) affect perceptions of trust, social presence, dominance/persuasion, impression management, and user-defined body language availability. We present results of an experimental study with 122 participants and discuss the findings in the context of implications for the design and use of videoconferencing systems.
Ergonomics, 2014
Situational awareness is recognised as an important factor in the performance of individuals and ... more Situational awareness is recognised as an important factor in the performance of individuals and teams in dynamic decision-making (DDM) environments (Salmon et al. 2014 ). The present study was designed to investigate whether the scores on the WOMBAT™ Situational Awareness and Stress Tolerance Test (Roscoe and North 1980 ) would predict the transfer of DDM performance from training under different levels of cognitive load to a novel situation. Participants practised a simulated firefighting task under either low or high conditions of cognitive load and then performed a (transfer) test in an alternative firefighting environment under an intermediate level of cognitive load. WOMBAT™ test scores were a better predictor of DDM performance than scores on the Raven Matrices. Participants with high WOMBAT™ scores performed better regardless of their training condition. Participants with recent gaming experience who practised under low cognitive load showed better practice phase performance...
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 2005
Weather-related general aviation accidents remain one of the most significant causes for concern ... more Weather-related general aviation accidents remain one of the most significant causes for concern in aviation safety. Previous studies have typically compared accident and non-accident cases. In contrast, the current study does not concentrate on occurrence outcome. Instead, the emphasis is on the different behaviors that pilots exhibit in the face of adverse weather and, by inference, on the decision-making processes that underlie those behaviors. This study compares three weather-related behaviors that reflect different levels of risk: visual flight rules flight into instrument meteorological conditions ('VFR into IMC'); precautionary landing; and other significant weather avoidance actions. Occurrence data (n=491) were drawn from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau database of aviation occurrences, and included weather-related accidents, incidents, and 'normal operationsd.' There were few significant differences between the three weather-related behavior groups ...
People and Computers XII, 1997
is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The d... more is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The department offers courses of study leading to a major in Information Science within the BCom, BA and BSc degrees. In addition to undergraduate teaching, the department is also strongly involved in postgraduate research programmes leading to MCom, MA, MSc and PhD degrees. Research projects in software engineering and software development, information engineering and database, software metrics, knowledge-based systems, natural language processing, spatial information systems, and information systems security are particularly well supported.
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2006
ABSTRACT Is the difference between an accident and an incident merely a matter of luck, or are th... more ABSTRACT Is the difference between an accident and an incident merely a matter of luck, or are there significant differences in terms of flight crew performance and associated performance shaping factors (PSFs)? This study obtained self-report data from a sample of 1,144 New Zealand pilots. There were differences between accident- and incident-involved pilots in terms of age, flight experience, and involvement in hazardous events. Incidents were more likely to be attributed to failures to detect or diagnose information, whereas accidents were more likely to be attributed to failures to choose an appropriate goal or strategy. There was no difference in the quantity of PSFs associated with accidents and incidents. These self-report data are consistent with previous findings based on external coding of air accident reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1997
... This point is nicely taken up by Asaf Degani and Earl Wiener's chapter on "... more ... This point is nicely taken up by Asaf Degani and Earl Wiener's chapter on "Philosophy, Policies, Procedures, and Practices ... Both this and chapter 13 in this section (by Carolyn Prince, Clint Bowers, and Eduardo Salas) focus on decision making as the key component of effective ...
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2003
The present study follows that undertaken by O'Hare and Lawrence (2000) that reviewed 104 ar... more The present study follows that undertaken by O'Hare and Lawrence (2000) that reviewed 104 articles published in The International Journal of Aviation Psychology (IJAP) for the period from 1991 to 1995 (inclusive). Utilizing the same methodology, continuity and ...
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1995
ABSTRACT Investigated whether pilots' decision-making behavior could be modified by manip... more ABSTRACT Investigated whether pilots' decision-making behavior could be modified by manipulating the decision framework from anticipated losses to gains, using a visual flight rules computer simulation. 24 male pilots (aged 18–46 yrs) in New Zealand provided background information and completed 2 cross-country scenarios involving a weather-related decision made under time constraints (according to a computer-based aeronautical decision making system). Ss rated the relevance of each of 8 statements describing reasons affecting the decision, and response latencies for each statement were recorded. Positive or negative frame conditions were randomly allocated. Ss tended to select the gains rather than the losses frame in decisions, and rated social influence as the least important factor affecting decisions. Ss who viewed decisions from a gains framework were less likely to press on into deteriorating conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2003
... Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark Wiggins, School of Psychology, Bankstown Campus,... more ... Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark Wiggins, School of Psychology, Bankstown Campus, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797 Penrith South, DC, NSW 1797. E-mail: m.wiggins@ uws.edu.au Page 2. conditions (IMC). ...
Journal of Safety Research, 2014
Journal of Safety Research, 2008
Proceedings Sixth Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction
is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The d... more is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The department offers courses of study leading to a major in Information Science within the BCom, BA and BSc degrees. In addition to undergraduate teaching, the department is also strongly involved in postgraduate programmes leading to the MBA, MCom and PhD degrees. Research projects in software engineering and software development, information engineering and database, artificial intelligence/expert systems, geographic information systems, advanced information systems management and data communications are particularly well supported at present.
Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 2019
The efficacy of family budgeting programs is often measured purely in terms of financial outcomes... more The efficacy of family budgeting programs is often measured purely in terms of financial outcomes. There has been less research on its potential impacts on cognitive outcomes. The present study investigated whether an existing financial counseling intervention could help people improve their deliberative cognitive capacity. A community sample of participants in Auckland, New Zealand who identified that they wanted to better manage their money were randomly assigned to a month-long financial counseling intervention or a wait-list control group. Results showed that participants exposed to the intervention had a greater improvement in self-control than participants in the control group, and that self-control improved more for people with a low income than a high income. Financial counseling interventions may impart broader cognitive benefits that help people escape further financial hardship.
Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 2011
This report was produced by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), PO Box 967, Civic Squa... more This report was produced by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB), PO Box 967, Civic Square ACT 2608. Readers are advised that the ATSB investigates for the sole purpose of enhancing safety. Consequently, reports are confined to matters of safety significance and may be misleading if used for any other purpose. As the ATSB believes that safety information is of greatest value if it is passed on for the use of others, copyright restrictions do not apply to material printed in this report. Readers are encouraged to copy or reprint for further distribution, but should acknowledge the ATSB as the source.
Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, 2011
Videoconferencing technology is increasingly used for work and personal use. While a lot of resea... more Videoconferencing technology is increasingly used for work and personal use. While a lot of research has been done on the perceptual qualities of videoconferencing systems, little research has been done on selftransmission or the ways in which individuals manage and control the impressions received by the communication partner. In an experimental study with 134 participants, we investigated the influence of the availability of body language and both partners' gender on the ability to transmit oneself in videoconferencing. We found that participant gender and partner gender both had significant effects on perceptions of dominance/persuasion and impression management. We discuss these results in relation to the transmission of self in remote communication and their implications for future design and research.
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction, 2010
Videoconferencing systems are increasingly used for a variety of tasks. Many of these tasks deman... more Videoconferencing systems are increasingly used for a variety of tasks. Many of these tasks demand reliable, high quality communication support. Trust plays an important role in interpersonal communication, sometimes even as an enabler for effective communication. We present findings of an experimental study with 64 participants investigating the influence of task type and the amount of visual information available to the participants on trust and related factors. Significant effects were found for task type, view restrictions, satisfaction, social presence, and gender.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2001
General Aviation (GA) accidents involving 'VFR into IMC' continue to be a major source of fatalit... more General Aviation (GA) accidents involving 'VFR into IMC' continue to be a major source of fatalities with a fatality rate more than four times greater than for GA accidents in general. We report two studies into the causes of crosscountry weather-related accidents. In the first study we analyse the records of 77 New Zealand crashes where it could be determined that the aircraft was on a crosscountry flight. We compared the characteristics of crashes that occurred after externally-driven events such as enginefailures with crashes where the pilot maintained ongoing control over the aircraft. Significant differences were found for distance into the flight, visibility, altitude, crash severity and for the pilots' age and recent flight time. In the second study, 18 qualified GA pilots completed two simulated crosscountry flights involving several commonly encountered weather conditions with or without the use of GPS. Detailed measures of decision making, risk assessment and situational awareness were collected during the flights. We discuss the implications of the findings for training and flight safety in general aviation.
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, 2012
The way we are perceived and we are presenting ourselves in videoconferencing situations is influ... more The way we are perceived and we are presenting ourselves in videoconferencing situations is influenced by many factors. Earlier work showed that there are strong effects of participant gender, partner gender, and body language availability on feelings of self-transmission efficacy in videoconferencing. Because participants rated their efficacy at domination and impression management differently when body language was restricted and unrestricted, it was reasoned that users may desire to control body language availability. This study shows that gender of the participants, task, and initial body language availability (determined by the field of view) affect perceptions of trust, social presence, dominance/persuasion, impression management, and user-defined body language availability. We present results of an experimental study with 122 participants and discuss the findings in the context of implications for the design and use of videoconferencing systems.
Ergonomics, 2014
Situational awareness is recognised as an important factor in the performance of individuals and ... more Situational awareness is recognised as an important factor in the performance of individuals and teams in dynamic decision-making (DDM) environments (Salmon et al. 2014 ). The present study was designed to investigate whether the scores on the WOMBAT™ Situational Awareness and Stress Tolerance Test (Roscoe and North 1980 ) would predict the transfer of DDM performance from training under different levels of cognitive load to a novel situation. Participants practised a simulated firefighting task under either low or high conditions of cognitive load and then performed a (transfer) test in an alternative firefighting environment under an intermediate level of cognitive load. WOMBAT™ test scores were a better predictor of DDM performance than scores on the Raven Matrices. Participants with high WOMBAT™ scores performed better regardless of their training condition. Participants with recent gaming experience who practised under low cognitive load showed better practice phase performance...
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 2005
Weather-related general aviation accidents remain one of the most significant causes for concern ... more Weather-related general aviation accidents remain one of the most significant causes for concern in aviation safety. Previous studies have typically compared accident and non-accident cases. In contrast, the current study does not concentrate on occurrence outcome. Instead, the emphasis is on the different behaviors that pilots exhibit in the face of adverse weather and, by inference, on the decision-making processes that underlie those behaviors. This study compares three weather-related behaviors that reflect different levels of risk: visual flight rules flight into instrument meteorological conditions ('VFR into IMC'); precautionary landing; and other significant weather avoidance actions. Occurrence data (n=491) were drawn from the Australian Transport Safety Bureau database of aviation occurrences, and included weather-related accidents, incidents, and 'normal operationsd.' There were few significant differences between the three weather-related behavior groups ...
People and Computers XII, 1997
is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The d... more is one of six departments that make up the Division of Commerce at the University of Otago. The department offers courses of study leading to a major in Information Science within the BCom, BA and BSc degrees. In addition to undergraduate teaching, the department is also strongly involved in postgraduate research programmes leading to MCom, MA, MSc and PhD degrees. Research projects in software engineering and software development, information engineering and database, software metrics, knowledge-based systems, natural language processing, spatial information systems, and information systems security are particularly well supported.
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2006
ABSTRACT Is the difference between an accident and an incident merely a matter of luck, or are th... more ABSTRACT Is the difference between an accident and an incident merely a matter of luck, or are there significant differences in terms of flight crew performance and associated performance shaping factors (PSFs)? This study obtained self-report data from a sample of 1,144 New Zealand pilots. There were differences between accident- and incident-involved pilots in terms of age, flight experience, and involvement in hazardous events. Incidents were more likely to be attributed to failures to detect or diagnose information, whereas accidents were more likely to be attributed to failures to choose an appropriate goal or strategy. There was no difference in the quantity of PSFs associated with accidents and incidents. These self-report data are consistent with previous findings based on external coding of air accident reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1997
... This point is nicely taken up by Asaf Degani and Earl Wiener's chapter on "... more ... This point is nicely taken up by Asaf Degani and Earl Wiener's chapter on "Philosophy, Policies, Procedures, and Practices ... Both this and chapter 13 in this section (by Carolyn Prince, Clint Bowers, and Eduardo Salas) focus on decision making as the key component of effective ...
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2003
The present study follows that undertaken by O'Hare and Lawrence (2000) that reviewed 104 ar... more The present study follows that undertaken by O'Hare and Lawrence (2000) that reviewed 104 articles published in The International Journal of Aviation Psychology (IJAP) for the period from 1991 to 1995 (inclusive). Utilizing the same methodology, continuity and ...
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1995
ABSTRACT Investigated whether pilots' decision-making behavior could be modified by manip... more ABSTRACT Investigated whether pilots' decision-making behavior could be modified by manipulating the decision framework from anticipated losses to gains, using a visual flight rules computer simulation. 24 male pilots (aged 18–46 yrs) in New Zealand provided background information and completed 2 cross-country scenarios involving a weather-related decision made under time constraints (according to a computer-based aeronautical decision making system). Ss rated the relevance of each of 8 statements describing reasons affecting the decision, and response latencies for each statement were recorded. Positive or negative frame conditions were randomly allocated. Ss tended to select the gains rather than the losses frame in decisions, and rated social influence as the least important factor affecting decisions. Ss who viewed decisions from a gains framework were less likely to press on into deteriorating conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2003
... Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark Wiggins, School of Psychology, Bankstown Campus,... more ... Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark Wiggins, School of Psychology, Bankstown Campus, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797 Penrith South, DC, NSW 1797. E-mail: m.wiggins@ uws.edu.au Page 2. conditions (IMC). ...
Journal of Safety Research, 2014
Journal of Safety Research, 2008