Lourdes Planas | University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (original) (raw)

Papers by Lourdes Planas

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of appointment-based Medication Synchronization on existing users of Chronic Medications

Value in Health, 2015

The aims of this study were (1) to determine the change in patients' knowledge about their diseas... more The aims of this study were (1) to determine the change in patients' knowledge about their disease and treatment; (2) to assess the percent change in values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and change in blood pressure in mmHg; and (3) to evaluate adherence status, measured through pill counts. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted using patients with a diagnosis of both T2DM and hypertension at Arauco hospital in Arauco, Chile. Each patient participated in three interviews over a period of six months. The study incorporated a tailored pharmacotherapeutic intervention plan that included written and oral information regarding pathologies and pharmacological treatment. To determine treatment adherence, a pill count method was performed during each interview. Change in patient adherence and knowledge of the diseases and treatments was assessed using the Fisher exact test. The difference in HbA1c and blood pressure between the initial and final sessions was evaluated using Student's t-test. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 17. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were selected, of whom 33 (66%) were female. At the beginning of the program, 30% of patients were found to be adherent. At the end of the study, this number had increased to 46% (p-value: 0.099). 10% of patients had full knowledge of their disease at baseline. At the end of the study, this number had increased to 66% (p-value < 0.001). After the completion of the interviews, significant decreases were observed for HbA1c (p-value < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (p-value < 0.001). Stratified by sex, stronger and more significant decreases were observed for females in terms of both HbA1c (0.63%, p-value= 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (17 mmHg, p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacotherapeutic optimization plan based on improved patient adherence and knowledge and implemented for patients with chronic conditions, such as T2DM and hypertension, has had a positive impact on therapeutic outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Diabetes and Hearing Impairment: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Providers and Patients

˜The œscience of diabetes self-management and care, May 28, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (part 2): Payer perspectives in 2007

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, Jul 1, 2008

J o u r n a l o f t h e A m e r i c a n P h a r m a c i s t s A s s o c i a t i o n w w w.japh a ... more J o u r n a l o f t h e A m e r i c a n P h a r m a c i s t s A s s o c i a t i o n w w w.japh a .org

Research paper thumbnail of Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education/Toward Advancement of Problem-Based Learning Research and Practice in Health Professions Education: Motivating Learners, Facilitating Processes, and Supporting with Technology

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning, Mar 25, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Strategies for gender equity in pharmacy academia and professional associations

Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, Jul 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING A Systems Approach to Scaffold Communication Skills Development

Objectives. To implement a communication skills development (CSD) system and evaluate its effecti... more Objectives. To implement a communication skills development (CSD) system and evaluate its effectiveness in a clinical communications course. Design. Students conducted baseline interviews and wrote SOAP notes, and based on faculty, patient, self-and peer assessments, set goals for improvement of their communication skills. Students participated in various activities to scaffold their learning, several of which took place in a web-based environment to enhance access and function for both students and faculty members. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Assessment. Students' communication skills improved as evidenced by assessment scores. Student and faculty comments offered additional evidence of the effectiveness of standardized patient interviews, learning strategies, and assessment methods. Conclusion. The CSD system effectively integrated various types of learning activities and feedback processes. The use of scaffolding strategies appeared to enhance the development of students' communication skills.

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and Validity Evidence for an Academic Gender Equity Questionnaire

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Nov 4, 2022

The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to... more The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to assess perceptions of gender equity within pharmacy academia are not available. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the psychometric analysis of a questionnaire developed to assess gender equity by a Gender Equity Task Force and to report reliability and validity evidence. Methods: A questionnaire was created, including 21 five-point scale questions addressing: teaching; research; service; advancement; mentoring; recruitment; and gender of college leaders. The survey was distributed via email in December 2020 to all social and administrative science section members of two professional associations. Rasch analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity evidence for the questionnaire. Results: After reverse coding, all items met parameters for unidimensionality necessary for Rasch analysis. Once adjacent categories were merged to create a 3-point scale, the scale and items met parameters for appropriate functionality. Items were ordered hierarchically in order of difficulty. The modified instrument and scale can be treated as interval level data for future use. Conclusion: This analysis shows that there is reliability and validity evidence for the gender equity questionnaire for use in the social and administrative academic pharmacy population if recommended edits such as the 3-point scale are used. Future research on gender equity can benefit from use of a psychometrically sound questionnaire for data collection.

Research paper thumbnail of Varenicline Combined with Oral Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Smartphone-Based Medication Reminders for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot and Feasibility Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Varenicline and oral nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) have each been shown to increa... more BACKGROUND Varenicline and oral nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) have each been shown to increase the likelihood of smoking cessation, but their combination has not been studied. Smoking cessation medication adherence is often poor, thus limiting the ability to evaluate medication efficacy. OBJECTIVE The current study examined the effects of combined varenicline and oral NRT; and smartphone medication reminders on daily pharmacotherapy adherence and smoking abstinence among adults enrolled in smoking cessation treatment. METHODS A 2x2 factorial design was employed. Participants (N=34) were randomized to 12 weeks of 1) varenicline + oral NRT (VAR+NRT; n=20) or varenicline alone (VAR; n=14) and 2) smartphone medication reminders messages (REM; n=11) or no reminder messages (NREM, n=23). Participants assigned to VAR+REM received varenicline reminder prompts, and those assigned to VAR+NRT+REM also received reminders to use oral NRT. Participants assigned to VAR+NREM and VAR+NRT+NREM d...

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacy Workplace Wellbeing and Resilience: Themes Identified from a Hermeneutic Phenomenological Analysis with Future Recommendations

Pharmacy

This study applied a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to better understand pharmacy workplac... more This study applied a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to better understand pharmacy workplace wellbeing and resilience using respondents’ written comments along with a blend of the researchers’ understanding of the phenomenon and the published literature. Our goal was to apply this understanding to recommendations for the pharmacy workforce and corresponding future research. Data were obtained from the 2021 APhA/NASPA National State-Based Pharmacy Workplace Survey, launched in the United States in April 2021. Promotion of the online survey to pharmacy personnel was accomplished through social media, email, and online periodicals. Responses continued to be received through the end of 2021. A data file containing 6973 responses was downloaded on 7 January 2022 for analysis. Usable responses were from those who wrote an in-depth comment detailing stories and experiences related to pharmacy workplace and resilience. There were 614 respondents who wrote such comments. The findings r...

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and Validity Evidence for an Academic Gender Equity Questionnaire

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to... more The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to assess perceptions of gender equity within pharmacy academia are not available. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the psychometric analysis of a questionnaire developed to assess gender equity by a Gender Equity Task Force and to report reliability and validity evidence. Methods: A questionnaire was created, including 21 five-point scale questions addressing: teaching; research; service; advancement; mentoring; recruitment; and gender of college leaders. The survey was distributed via email in December 2020 to all social and administrative science section members of two professional associations. Rasch analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity evidence for the questionnaire. Results: After reverse coding, all items met parameters for unidimensionality necessary for Rasch analysis. Once adjacent categories were merged to create a 3-point scale, the scale and items met parameters for appropriate functionality. Items were ordered hierarchically in order of difficulty. The modified instrument and scale can be treated as interval level data for future use. Conclusion: This analysis shows that there is reliability and validity evidence for the gender equity questionnaire for use in the social and administrative academic pharmacy population if recommended edits such as the 3-point scale are used. Future research on gender equity can benefit from use of a psychometrically sound questionnaire for data collection.

Research paper thumbnail of Women in academic pharmacy: Remembering, committing, and investing

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Research paper thumbnail of Seeking Gender Equity in Pharmacy Academia

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Gender inequity is a critical Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) issue that has continued to ... more Gender inequity is a critical Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) issue that has continued to lead to workplace disparities. While gender-based differences in pay are well documented, there are multiple other facets of academic worklife (eg, teaching, research, service, resources, etc) wherein gender inequities exist but have never been systematically identified or reported. COVID-19 has further exacerbated these inequities. One reason for continued existence of gender disparities in the workplace is lack of focused attention and emphasis on this issue. A recently formed Gender Equity Task Force has taken the first steps to systematically explore gender inequity in all areas of academic pharmacy work life. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the scope of the problem of gender inequity in pharmacy academia and offer solutions that the Academy can implement to mitigate the impact of gender inequity in the future.

Research paper thumbnail of Gender equity perceptions among social and administrative science faculty: A qualitative evaluation

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Research paper thumbnail of Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education/Toward Advancement of Problem-Based Learning Research and Practice in Health Professions Education: Motivating Learners, Facilitating Processes, and Suppo

Recommended Citation Ge, X. , Planas, L. G. , & Huang, K. (2015). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Sp... more Recommended Citation Ge, X. , Planas, L. G. , & Huang, K. (2015). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education/Toward Advancement of Problem-Based Learning Research and Practice in Health Professions Education: Motivating Learners, Facilitating Processes, and Supporting with Technology. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 9(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1550

Research paper thumbnail of Curricular Inclusion of Health Disparities/Cultural Competence and Health Literacy in U.S. and Canadian Pharmacy Programs

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Research paper thumbnail of Valuable Lessons for Pharmacist PBRNs: Insights and Experiences from Physician PBRN Members

Pharmacy

Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) rely on a cadre of engaged members to participate in res... more Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) rely on a cadre of engaged members to participate in research projects. As pharmacist PBRNs increase in number, it is helpful to understand how members of other professions view their own participation in PBRNs and potential collaborative research endeavors with pharmacists. Due to their longer history of PBRN experience, physician PBRN members may have helpful advice for the establishment of pharmacy networks. The objectives of this study were to describe perceptions among a group of physician PBRN members about: Advice for developing a pharmacist PBRN, practice aspects that might benefit from collaborating with pharmacists who are part of a PBRN, and benefits and challenges of PBRN member participation. This study employed qualitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with physician members of the Oklahoma Physicians Resource/Research Network, a primary care PBRN. Advice for establishing a pharmacist PBRN included ...

Research paper thumbnail of PaCIR: A tool to enhance pharmacist patient care intervention reporting

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Objectives: To develop a pharmacist patient care services intervention reporting checklist to be ... more Objectives: To develop a pharmacist patient care services intervention reporting checklist to be used in conjunction with existing primary reporting tools. The tool should enhance consistent reporting of pharmacist patient care interventions. Tool use in pharmacist-patient care intervention reporting may increase: (1) likelihood for inclusion in higher order analyses and (2) successful replication. Methods: Adhering to principles of the Equator Network, a modified Delphi approach was used. An expert group identified guidance need, conducted a thorough literature search confirming need, developed a comprehensive list of potential elements, refined the list via multiple rounds, finalized language and structure, and published the checklist. Multiple rounds of iterative input were completed face to face, in conference calls, and during public comment periods. The finalized list of elements was organized into a logical flow with the use of clear and concise language and then transformed into an intuitive checklist. Results: The core task force identified 9 critical components over a 4-year period Collectively, the input represented more than 200 stakeholders. Stakeholders overwhelmingly supported the inclusion (89%; n ¼ 29) and clarity (91%; n ¼ 26) of each element. The final 9 elements were organized into a checklist to enhance pharmacist patient care intervention reporting (PaCIR). Accompanying each element is a specific explanation justifying its inclusion. An appendix containing published and created examples of how authors may satisfactorily meet each element is provided. Conclusion: Use of the PaCIR checklist will enhance the quality of reporting of pharmacist patient care intervention studies. This enhanced quality can support replication of the studies and increase the likelihood these studies will be considered for inclusion in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Researchers are urged to consider use of reporting guides such as PaCIR during the project design phase.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacist Contributions to the U.S. Health Care System Reported in the 2009 and 2014 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys

INNOVATIONS in pharmacy

Objectives: Characterize the pharmacist workforce into segments based on the proportion of time t... more Objectives: Characterize the pharmacist workforce into segments based on the proportion of time they spend in medication providing and patient care services and compare changes in these segments

Research paper thumbnail of Interventions to improve dissemination and implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with diabetes

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, Jan 7, 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess provider awareness of routine vaccinations recommended fo... more The purpose of this study was to assess provider awareness of routine vaccinations recommended for patients with diabetes and to determine whether pharmacist-led interventions are associated with increased provider implementation of recommendations for hepatitis B vaccination. This study was conducted in 3 phases at 2 outpatient clinics affiliated with an academic institution. In phase 1, adults with diabetes who visited the clinics between January and November 2012 and who were eligible for the hepatitis B vaccine were identified. In phase 2, medical residents were surveyed twice for vaccine recommendations and reasons for (not) recommending the hepatitis B vaccine, specifically. Residents were then provided a pharmacist-led in-service about hepatitis B vaccine recommendations. The third phase was initiated in April 2013, following postintervention observation from December 2012 through March 2013. Forty-eight of 100 (48%) medical residents attended the in-service and completed bot...

Research paper thumbnail of Establishing pathways for access to pharmacist-provided patient care

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, 2015

To describe the pathways being established for access to pharmacist-provided patient care and sup... more To describe the pathways being established for access to pharmacist-provided patient care and supply recommendations for the next steps in this process. A series of reports published by the American Pharmacists Association regarding pharmacist-provided patient care services. Community pharmacies and integrated health organizations have emerged as the two predominant pathways for patient access to pharmacist-provided patient care. We view these two pathways as complementary in helping cover patients' entire medication therapy needs as they traverse acute and chronic health care services. However, gaps in access to pharmacist-provided care remain, especially during transitions in care. In further establishing pathways for access to pharmacist-provided patient care, we propose that the application of collaboration theory will help close gaps that currently exist between health care organizations. Such an approach carries risk and will require trust among participating organizations...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of appointment-based Medication Synchronization on existing users of Chronic Medications

Value in Health, 2015

The aims of this study were (1) to determine the change in patients' knowledge about their diseas... more The aims of this study were (1) to determine the change in patients' knowledge about their disease and treatment; (2) to assess the percent change in values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and change in blood pressure in mmHg; and (3) to evaluate adherence status, measured through pill counts. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted using patients with a diagnosis of both T2DM and hypertension at Arauco hospital in Arauco, Chile. Each patient participated in three interviews over a period of six months. The study incorporated a tailored pharmacotherapeutic intervention plan that included written and oral information regarding pathologies and pharmacological treatment. To determine treatment adherence, a pill count method was performed during each interview. Change in patient adherence and knowledge of the diseases and treatments was assessed using the Fisher exact test. The difference in HbA1c and blood pressure between the initial and final sessions was evaluated using Student's t-test. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 17. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were selected, of whom 33 (66%) were female. At the beginning of the program, 30% of patients were found to be adherent. At the end of the study, this number had increased to 46% (p-value: 0.099). 10% of patients had full knowledge of their disease at baseline. At the end of the study, this number had increased to 66% (p-value < 0.001). After the completion of the interviews, significant decreases were observed for HbA1c (p-value < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (p-value < 0.001). Stratified by sex, stronger and more significant decreases were observed for females in terms of both HbA1c (0.63%, p-value= 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (17 mmHg, p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacotherapeutic optimization plan based on improved patient adherence and knowledge and implemented for patients with chronic conditions, such as T2DM and hypertension, has had a positive impact on therapeutic outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Diabetes and Hearing Impairment: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Providers and Patients

˜The œscience of diabetes self-management and care, May 28, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (part 2): Payer perspectives in 2007

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, Jul 1, 2008

J o u r n a l o f t h e A m e r i c a n P h a r m a c i s t s A s s o c i a t i o n w w w.japh a ... more J o u r n a l o f t h e A m e r i c a n P h a r m a c i s t s A s s o c i a t i o n w w w.japh a .org

Research paper thumbnail of Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education/Toward Advancement of Problem-Based Learning Research and Practice in Health Professions Education: Motivating Learners, Facilitating Processes, and Supporting with Technology

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning, Mar 25, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Strategies for gender equity in pharmacy academia and professional associations

Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, Jul 1, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING A Systems Approach to Scaffold Communication Skills Development

Objectives. To implement a communication skills development (CSD) system and evaluate its effecti... more Objectives. To implement a communication skills development (CSD) system and evaluate its effectiveness in a clinical communications course. Design. Students conducted baseline interviews and wrote SOAP notes, and based on faculty, patient, self-and peer assessments, set goals for improvement of their communication skills. Students participated in various activities to scaffold their learning, several of which took place in a web-based environment to enhance access and function for both students and faculty members. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Assessment. Students' communication skills improved as evidenced by assessment scores. Student and faculty comments offered additional evidence of the effectiveness of standardized patient interviews, learning strategies, and assessment methods. Conclusion. The CSD system effectively integrated various types of learning activities and feedback processes. The use of scaffolding strategies appeared to enhance the development of students' communication skills.

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and Validity Evidence for an Academic Gender Equity Questionnaire

The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Nov 4, 2022

The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to... more The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to assess perceptions of gender equity within pharmacy academia are not available. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the psychometric analysis of a questionnaire developed to assess gender equity by a Gender Equity Task Force and to report reliability and validity evidence. Methods: A questionnaire was created, including 21 five-point scale questions addressing: teaching; research; service; advancement; mentoring; recruitment; and gender of college leaders. The survey was distributed via email in December 2020 to all social and administrative science section members of two professional associations. Rasch analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity evidence for the questionnaire. Results: After reverse coding, all items met parameters for unidimensionality necessary for Rasch analysis. Once adjacent categories were merged to create a 3-point scale, the scale and items met parameters for appropriate functionality. Items were ordered hierarchically in order of difficulty. The modified instrument and scale can be treated as interval level data for future use. Conclusion: This analysis shows that there is reliability and validity evidence for the gender equity questionnaire for use in the social and administrative academic pharmacy population if recommended edits such as the 3-point scale are used. Future research on gender equity can benefit from use of a psychometrically sound questionnaire for data collection.

Research paper thumbnail of Varenicline Combined with Oral Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Smartphone-Based Medication Reminders for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot and Feasibility Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Varenicline and oral nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) have each been shown to increa... more BACKGROUND Varenicline and oral nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) have each been shown to increase the likelihood of smoking cessation, but their combination has not been studied. Smoking cessation medication adherence is often poor, thus limiting the ability to evaluate medication efficacy. OBJECTIVE The current study examined the effects of combined varenicline and oral NRT; and smartphone medication reminders on daily pharmacotherapy adherence and smoking abstinence among adults enrolled in smoking cessation treatment. METHODS A 2x2 factorial design was employed. Participants (N=34) were randomized to 12 weeks of 1) varenicline + oral NRT (VAR+NRT; n=20) or varenicline alone (VAR; n=14) and 2) smartphone medication reminders messages (REM; n=11) or no reminder messages (NREM, n=23). Participants assigned to VAR+REM received varenicline reminder prompts, and those assigned to VAR+NRT+REM also received reminders to use oral NRT. Participants assigned to VAR+NREM and VAR+NRT+NREM d...

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacy Workplace Wellbeing and Resilience: Themes Identified from a Hermeneutic Phenomenological Analysis with Future Recommendations

Pharmacy

This study applied a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to better understand pharmacy workplac... more This study applied a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to better understand pharmacy workplace wellbeing and resilience using respondents’ written comments along with a blend of the researchers’ understanding of the phenomenon and the published literature. Our goal was to apply this understanding to recommendations for the pharmacy workforce and corresponding future research. Data were obtained from the 2021 APhA/NASPA National State-Based Pharmacy Workplace Survey, launched in the United States in April 2021. Promotion of the online survey to pharmacy personnel was accomplished through social media, email, and online periodicals. Responses continued to be received through the end of 2021. A data file containing 6973 responses was downloaded on 7 January 2022 for analysis. Usable responses were from those who wrote an in-depth comment detailing stories and experiences related to pharmacy workplace and resilience. There were 614 respondents who wrote such comments. The findings r...

Research paper thumbnail of Reliability and Validity Evidence for an Academic Gender Equity Questionnaire

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to... more The majority of practicing pharmacists and student pharmacists are women. However, instruments to assess perceptions of gender equity within pharmacy academia are not available. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the psychometric analysis of a questionnaire developed to assess gender equity by a Gender Equity Task Force and to report reliability and validity evidence. Methods: A questionnaire was created, including 21 five-point scale questions addressing: teaching; research; service; advancement; mentoring; recruitment; and gender of college leaders. The survey was distributed via email in December 2020 to all social and administrative science section members of two professional associations. Rasch analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity evidence for the questionnaire. Results: After reverse coding, all items met parameters for unidimensionality necessary for Rasch analysis. Once adjacent categories were merged to create a 3-point scale, the scale and items met parameters for appropriate functionality. Items were ordered hierarchically in order of difficulty. The modified instrument and scale can be treated as interval level data for future use. Conclusion: This analysis shows that there is reliability and validity evidence for the gender equity questionnaire for use in the social and administrative academic pharmacy population if recommended edits such as the 3-point scale are used. Future research on gender equity can benefit from use of a psychometrically sound questionnaire for data collection.

Research paper thumbnail of Women in academic pharmacy: Remembering, committing, and investing

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Research paper thumbnail of Seeking Gender Equity in Pharmacy Academia

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Gender inequity is a critical Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) issue that has continued to ... more Gender inequity is a critical Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) issue that has continued to lead to workplace disparities. While gender-based differences in pay are well documented, there are multiple other facets of academic worklife (eg, teaching, research, service, resources, etc) wherein gender inequities exist but have never been systematically identified or reported. COVID-19 has further exacerbated these inequities. One reason for continued existence of gender disparities in the workplace is lack of focused attention and emphasis on this issue. A recently formed Gender Equity Task Force has taken the first steps to systematically explore gender inequity in all areas of academic pharmacy work life. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight the scope of the problem of gender inequity in pharmacy academia and offer solutions that the Academy can implement to mitigate the impact of gender inequity in the future.

Research paper thumbnail of Gender equity perceptions among social and administrative science faculty: A qualitative evaluation

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Research paper thumbnail of Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education/Toward Advancement of Problem-Based Learning Research and Practice in Health Professions Education: Motivating Learners, Facilitating Processes, and Suppo

Recommended Citation Ge, X. , Planas, L. G. , & Huang, K. (2015). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Sp... more Recommended Citation Ge, X. , Planas, L. G. , & Huang, K. (2015). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Issue on Problem-based Learning in Health Professions Education/Toward Advancement of Problem-Based Learning Research and Practice in Health Professions Education: Motivating Learners, Facilitating Processes, and Supporting with Technology. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 9(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1550

Research paper thumbnail of Curricular Inclusion of Health Disparities/Cultural Competence and Health Literacy in U.S. and Canadian Pharmacy Programs

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Research paper thumbnail of Valuable Lessons for Pharmacist PBRNs: Insights and Experiences from Physician PBRN Members

Pharmacy

Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) rely on a cadre of engaged members to participate in res... more Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) rely on a cadre of engaged members to participate in research projects. As pharmacist PBRNs increase in number, it is helpful to understand how members of other professions view their own participation in PBRNs and potential collaborative research endeavors with pharmacists. Due to their longer history of PBRN experience, physician PBRN members may have helpful advice for the establishment of pharmacy networks. The objectives of this study were to describe perceptions among a group of physician PBRN members about: Advice for developing a pharmacist PBRN, practice aspects that might benefit from collaborating with pharmacists who are part of a PBRN, and benefits and challenges of PBRN member participation. This study employed qualitative research methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with physician members of the Oklahoma Physicians Resource/Research Network, a primary care PBRN. Advice for establishing a pharmacist PBRN included ...

Research paper thumbnail of PaCIR: A tool to enhance pharmacist patient care intervention reporting

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

Objectives: To develop a pharmacist patient care services intervention reporting checklist to be ... more Objectives: To develop a pharmacist patient care services intervention reporting checklist to be used in conjunction with existing primary reporting tools. The tool should enhance consistent reporting of pharmacist patient care interventions. Tool use in pharmacist-patient care intervention reporting may increase: (1) likelihood for inclusion in higher order analyses and (2) successful replication. Methods: Adhering to principles of the Equator Network, a modified Delphi approach was used. An expert group identified guidance need, conducted a thorough literature search confirming need, developed a comprehensive list of potential elements, refined the list via multiple rounds, finalized language and structure, and published the checklist. Multiple rounds of iterative input were completed face to face, in conference calls, and during public comment periods. The finalized list of elements was organized into a logical flow with the use of clear and concise language and then transformed into an intuitive checklist. Results: The core task force identified 9 critical components over a 4-year period Collectively, the input represented more than 200 stakeholders. Stakeholders overwhelmingly supported the inclusion (89%; n ¼ 29) and clarity (91%; n ¼ 26) of each element. The final 9 elements were organized into a checklist to enhance pharmacist patient care intervention reporting (PaCIR). Accompanying each element is a specific explanation justifying its inclusion. An appendix containing published and created examples of how authors may satisfactorily meet each element is provided. Conclusion: Use of the PaCIR checklist will enhance the quality of reporting of pharmacist patient care intervention studies. This enhanced quality can support replication of the studies and increase the likelihood these studies will be considered for inclusion in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Researchers are urged to consider use of reporting guides such as PaCIR during the project design phase.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacist Contributions to the U.S. Health Care System Reported in the 2009 and 2014 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys

INNOVATIONS in pharmacy

Objectives: Characterize the pharmacist workforce into segments based on the proportion of time t... more Objectives: Characterize the pharmacist workforce into segments based on the proportion of time they spend in medication providing and patient care services and compare changes in these segments

Research paper thumbnail of Interventions to improve dissemination and implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with diabetes

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, Jan 7, 2017

The purpose of this study was to assess provider awareness of routine vaccinations recommended fo... more The purpose of this study was to assess provider awareness of routine vaccinations recommended for patients with diabetes and to determine whether pharmacist-led interventions are associated with increased provider implementation of recommendations for hepatitis B vaccination. This study was conducted in 3 phases at 2 outpatient clinics affiliated with an academic institution. In phase 1, adults with diabetes who visited the clinics between January and November 2012 and who were eligible for the hepatitis B vaccine were identified. In phase 2, medical residents were surveyed twice for vaccine recommendations and reasons for (not) recommending the hepatitis B vaccine, specifically. Residents were then provided a pharmacist-led in-service about hepatitis B vaccine recommendations. The third phase was initiated in April 2013, following postintervention observation from December 2012 through March 2013. Forty-eight of 100 (48%) medical residents attended the in-service and completed bot...

Research paper thumbnail of Establishing pathways for access to pharmacist-provided patient care

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, 2015

To describe the pathways being established for access to pharmacist-provided patient care and sup... more To describe the pathways being established for access to pharmacist-provided patient care and supply recommendations for the next steps in this process. A series of reports published by the American Pharmacists Association regarding pharmacist-provided patient care services. Community pharmacies and integrated health organizations have emerged as the two predominant pathways for patient access to pharmacist-provided patient care. We view these two pathways as complementary in helping cover patients' entire medication therapy needs as they traverse acute and chronic health care services. However, gaps in access to pharmacist-provided care remain, especially during transitions in care. In further establishing pathways for access to pharmacist-provided patient care, we propose that the application of collaboration theory will help close gaps that currently exist between health care organizations. Such an approach carries risk and will require trust among participating organizations...