M. Naifeh | University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (original) (raw)

Papers by M. Naifeh

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Academic Pediatrics, 2020

Homologous recombination (HR) is the primary pathway for repairing double-strand DNA breaks impli... more Homologous recombination (HR) is the primary pathway for repairing double-strand DNA breaks implicating in the development of cancer. RNAi-based knockdowns of BRCA1 and RAD51 in this pathway have been performed to investigate the resulting transcriptomic profiles. Here we propose a computational framework to utilize these profiles to calculate a score, named RNA-Interference derived Proliferation Score (RIPS), which reflects cell proliferation ability in individual breast tumors. RIPS is predictive of breast cancer classes, prognosis, genome instability, and neoadjuvant chemosensitivity. This framework directly translates the readout of knockdown experiments into potential clinical applications and generates a robust biomarker in breast cancer.

Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975)

National data on vaccine up-to-date (UTD) suggest that insufficient numbers of adolescents receiv... more National data on vaccine up-to-date (UTD) suggest that insufficient numbers of adolescents receive needed vaccines. This study analyzed public use data of the National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) from 2010 through 2013 for South Carolina (SC) adolescents and compared immunization rates to those of United States (US) adolescents. We also examined trends for each vaccine recommended for adolescents for both SC and US adolescents. UTD rates in SC adolescents for the quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) and the tetanus- diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine lag those of US adolescents, despite demonstrating a trend of improvement in SC adolescents from 45% to 69% for MCV and from 48% to 72% for Tdap. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine UTD rates for SC adolescents demonstrated improvement over a 4 year period. HPV vaccination for SC girls improved when compared to the US, however UTD rates for both the SC and US were still well below the Healthy People 202...

Academic Pediatrics

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

MedEdPublish

Background: Physician burnout has been identified as a significant occupational hazard for decade... more Background: Physician burnout has been identified as a significant occupational hazard for decades. Burnout prevention may target individual and workplace environment factors; however, a gold standard approach to prevention has yet to be established. Components for Enhancing Clinician Experience and Reducing Trauma (CE-CERT) is both a practice and peer supervision model for promoting wellness among helping professionals. This study sought to explore the experiences of a group of attending physicians at a mid-size pediatric residency program in an urban free-standing children’s hospital as they learned and implemented CE-CERT. Methods: A total of seven attending physicians participated in CE-CERT during the academic year between 2020 and 2021. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five of the seven participants (71%) after completion of the program to explore their experiences with CE-CERT in their personal and professional lives. Through constructivist grounded theory metho...

Pediatric Pulmonology, 2022

Scholarly activity training is a required component of pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs.... more Scholarly activity training is a required component of pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs. However, there are no data on resources and barriers to training and factors associated with fellow productivity. We surveyed United States pediatric pulmonology fellowship program directors (FPDs) between March and October 2019. Our primary outcome was fellow productivity ( >75% of fellows in the past 5 years had a manuscript accepted in a peer-reviewed journal). Analyses included descriptive statistics, χ2 and Fisher's exact tests for categorical values, and t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for numerical values. 61% (33/54) FPDs completed the survey. 79% reported that most fellows completed clinical, basic science or translational research. However, only 21% reported that most fellows pursued research positions after graduation; academic clinical positions were more common. For 21%, lack of funding and competing clinical responsibilities were barriers to completing scholarly activity. Only 39% had highly productive programs; those FPDs were more likely to be highly satisfied with fellow scholarly activity products (p = 0.049) and have >6 publications in the previous 3 years (p = 0.03). 52% of FPDs believed that pediatric pulmonary training should be shortened to 2 years for those pursuing clinical or clinician-educator careers. Barriers to scholarly activity training in pediatric pulmonology programs threaten the pipeline of academic pediatric pulmonologists and physician-investigators. Aligning fellow scholarly activity and clinical training with the skills required in their postgraduate positions could optimize utilization of limited resources and better support career development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Pediatrics, 2020

Introduction: Like many large hospitals, our institution struggles with poor patient flow and eme... more Introduction: Like many large hospitals, our institution struggles with poor patient flow and emergency room holds during times of high volume. Our general pediatrics teams care for the largest group of admitted patients on the medicine floors, and internal data analysis noted delayed writing of discharge orders and significant holding times once discharge orders were written for this patient population. Aims: This Quality Improvement project aimed to improve the percent of discharge orders …

Hospital Pediatrics, 2021

OBJECTIVES At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, disruptions to pediatric care a... more OBJECTIVES At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, disruptions to pediatric care and training were immediate and significant. We sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on residency training from the perspective of pediatric residents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of categorical pediatric residents at US training programs at the end of the 2019–2020 academic year. This voluntary survey included questions that explored the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on resident training experiences, postresidency employment plans, and attitudes and perceptions. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and mixed-effects regression models. We performed a sensitivity analysis using respondents from programs with a >40% response rate for questions regarding resident attitudes and perceptions. RESULTS Residents from 127 of 201 training programs (63.2%) completed the survey, with a response rate of 18.9% (1141 of 6032). Respondents r...

Pediatrics, 2020

In this national survey of pediatric FPDs, we assess resources for and barriers to effective fell... more In this national survey of pediatric FPDs, we assess resources for and barriers to effective fellow scholarly activity training and factors associated with high productivity. BrightcoveDefaultPlayer10.1542/6203908772001PEDS-VA_2020-013953 Video Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The educational requirements for pediatric fellows include at least 12 months of scholarly activity and generation of a work product. Yet there lacks detailed guidance on how programs can best integrate scholarly activity training into fellowships. Our objectives were to understand the resources and barriers to training and identify factors associated with productivity. METHODS: We surveyed pediatric fellowship program directors (FPDs) nationally in 2019. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariable modeling to identify factors associated with high productivity (>75% of fellows in the past 5 years had an article from their fellowship accepted). RESULTS: A total of 499 of 770 FPDs responded (65%). A total of 174 programs (35%) were highly productive. The most frequent major barriers were a lack of funding for fellows to conduct scholarship (21%, n = 105) and lack of sufficient divisional faculty mentorship (16%, n = 79). The median number of months for scholarship with reduced clinical obligations scholarship was 17. A total of 40% (n = 202) of FPDs believed training should be shortened to 2 years for clinically oriented fellows. Programs with a T32 and a FPD with >5 publications in the past 3 years were twice as likely to be productive. Not endorsing lack of adequate Scholarship Oversight Committee expertise and a research curriculum as barriers was associated with increased productivity (odds ratio = 1.83–1.65). CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant protected fellow research time, most fellows do not publish. Ensuring a program culture of research may provide the support needed to take projects to publication. The fellowship community may consider reevaluating the fellowship duration, particularly for those pursing nonresearch focused careers.

Academic Pediatrics, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Academic Pediatrics, 2018

Global pediatric health, 2017

Objectives: The World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations list Peru as potentially ne... more Objectives: The World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations list Peru as potentially needing prevention of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH). Prevalence of STH varies regionally and remains understudied in the newest informal settlements of the capital city, Lima. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the need for Mass Drug Administration (MDA) of antiparasitic drugs in the newest informal settlements of Lima. The aim of this study was to estimate the season-specific prevalence of STH to determine if these prevalence estimates met the WHO threshold for MDA in 3 informal settlements. Methods: A 2 time point cohort study was conducted among a sample of 140 children aged 1 to 10 years living in 3 purposively sampled informal settlements of Lima, Peru. Children were asked to provide 2 stool samples that were analyzed with the spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique. The season-specific prevalence proportions of MDA-targeted STH were estimated using a hidden (latent)...

Academic Pediatrics, 2017

BACKGROUND: Faculty development is required by the ACGME in both the common and the specialty spe... more BACKGROUND: Faculty development is required by the ACGME in both the common and the specialty specific program requirements. Faculty are also asked annually about their satisfaction with the faculty development provided to supervise and educate residents on the ACGME faculty survey. However, faculty have many competing priorities and attending faculty development sessions is frequently a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To implement a faculty development program for a pediatrics department to meet the faculty's needs. METHODS: After an emergent leadership change in August 2014, the program director (PD) and the associate program director (APD) approached the department chair with a proposal to start a faculty development program. The proposed program was brief (maximum of 20 minutes), employed a method developed by the APD-Snippets and occurred at monthly faculty meetings where attendance is required. Topics included teaching strategies, setting expectations, giving feedback and writing meaningful comments among others. A hands on activity or facilitated discussion accompanied all sessions. RESULTS: The program was implemented in September 2014 and continues today. All sessions are led by the PD or APD. Faculty indicated that the sessions provide needed faculty development-in academic years (AY) 2012-13 and 2013-14 scores on the faculty survey were 3.3 and 3.5 respectively below the national mean. Since the faculty development program was implemented, scores for AY 2014-15 and 2015-16 increased to 4.4 and 4.5 respectively above the national mean. In AY 2014-15 resident satisfaction with feedback following educational assignments was low at 3.8. The program leadership reemphasized giving feedback and writing meaningful comments and in 2015-16 that score improved to 4.4. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a faculty development program as part of an already required activity addresses competing priorities. Although it is by self report, providing sessions that meet faculty needs addresses satisfaction of both faculty and residents.

Hospital Pediatrics, 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-value, cost-conscious care (HVCCC) is care that promotes optimal ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-value, cost-conscious care (HVCCC) is care that promotes optimal patient outcomes while reducing unnecessary costs. Teaching to promote HVCCC is essential, yet little research has assessed the dual perspectives of residents and faculty on this topic. Our aim was to investigate pediatric resident and faculty perspectives of HVCCC training and role modeling to more effectively promote curriculum and faculty development on this subject. METHODS: Pediatric residents and teaching faculty in 2 academic medical centers were surveyed during the 2015–2016 academic year. Questions addressed comfort with HVCCC, current teaching practices, barriers to teaching HVCC, and desired curriculum. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, and Fisher’s exact or χ2 tests were used to assess for associations between responses. Institutional review board approval was obtained at both participating institutions. RESULTS: We received responses from 51% of faculty (12...

MedEdPORTAL Publications, 2015

Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit-This toolkit is designed for two purposes. First, it can be ut... more Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit-This toolkit is designed for two purposes. First, it can be utilized by leadership to facilitate faculty development in research mentoring for graduate medical trainees. Second, it can be used as a resource for faculty to help guide them through the research mentoring process. As a toolkit, leaders and individual faculty members can use only the portions of the toolkit that complement their own efforts or use the toolkit in its entirety. The purpose/goal of the resource: Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit-The purpose of the Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit is to be a resource for programs and faculty members and to help improve the research mentoring process for trainees. The toolkit contains many different elements designed to help programs better meet the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements around scholarly activity training for residents.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Academic Pediatrics, 2020

Homologous recombination (HR) is the primary pathway for repairing double-strand DNA breaks impli... more Homologous recombination (HR) is the primary pathway for repairing double-strand DNA breaks implicating in the development of cancer. RNAi-based knockdowns of BRCA1 and RAD51 in this pathway have been performed to investigate the resulting transcriptomic profiles. Here we propose a computational framework to utilize these profiles to calculate a score, named RNA-Interference derived Proliferation Score (RIPS), which reflects cell proliferation ability in individual breast tumors. RIPS is predictive of breast cancer classes, prognosis, genome instability, and neoadjuvant chemosensitivity. This framework directly translates the readout of knockdown experiments into potential clinical applications and generates a robust biomarker in breast cancer.

Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975)

National data on vaccine up-to-date (UTD) suggest that insufficient numbers of adolescents receiv... more National data on vaccine up-to-date (UTD) suggest that insufficient numbers of adolescents receive needed vaccines. This study analyzed public use data of the National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) from 2010 through 2013 for South Carolina (SC) adolescents and compared immunization rates to those of United States (US) adolescents. We also examined trends for each vaccine recommended for adolescents for both SC and US adolescents. UTD rates in SC adolescents for the quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) and the tetanus- diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine lag those of US adolescents, despite demonstrating a trend of improvement in SC adolescents from 45% to 69% for MCV and from 48% to 72% for Tdap. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine UTD rates for SC adolescents demonstrated improvement over a 4 year period. HPV vaccination for SC girls improved when compared to the US, however UTD rates for both the SC and US were still well below the Healthy People 202...

Academic Pediatrics

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

MedEdPublish

Background: Physician burnout has been identified as a significant occupational hazard for decade... more Background: Physician burnout has been identified as a significant occupational hazard for decades. Burnout prevention may target individual and workplace environment factors; however, a gold standard approach to prevention has yet to be established. Components for Enhancing Clinician Experience and Reducing Trauma (CE-CERT) is both a practice and peer supervision model for promoting wellness among helping professionals. This study sought to explore the experiences of a group of attending physicians at a mid-size pediatric residency program in an urban free-standing children’s hospital as they learned and implemented CE-CERT. Methods: A total of seven attending physicians participated in CE-CERT during the academic year between 2020 and 2021. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five of the seven participants (71%) after completion of the program to explore their experiences with CE-CERT in their personal and professional lives. Through constructivist grounded theory metho...

Pediatric Pulmonology, 2022

Scholarly activity training is a required component of pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs.... more Scholarly activity training is a required component of pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs. However, there are no data on resources and barriers to training and factors associated with fellow productivity. We surveyed United States pediatric pulmonology fellowship program directors (FPDs) between March and October 2019. Our primary outcome was fellow productivity ( >75% of fellows in the past 5 years had a manuscript accepted in a peer-reviewed journal). Analyses included descriptive statistics, χ2 and Fisher's exact tests for categorical values, and t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for numerical values. 61% (33/54) FPDs completed the survey. 79% reported that most fellows completed clinical, basic science or translational research. However, only 21% reported that most fellows pursued research positions after graduation; academic clinical positions were more common. For 21%, lack of funding and competing clinical responsibilities were barriers to completing scholarly activity. Only 39% had highly productive programs; those FPDs were more likely to be highly satisfied with fellow scholarly activity products (p = 0.049) and have >6 publications in the previous 3 years (p = 0.03). 52% of FPDs believed that pediatric pulmonary training should be shortened to 2 years for those pursuing clinical or clinician-educator careers. Barriers to scholarly activity training in pediatric pulmonology programs threaten the pipeline of academic pediatric pulmonologists and physician-investigators. Aligning fellow scholarly activity and clinical training with the skills required in their postgraduate positions could optimize utilization of limited resources and better support career development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Pediatrics, 2020

Introduction: Like many large hospitals, our institution struggles with poor patient flow and eme... more Introduction: Like many large hospitals, our institution struggles with poor patient flow and emergency room holds during times of high volume. Our general pediatrics teams care for the largest group of admitted patients on the medicine floors, and internal data analysis noted delayed writing of discharge orders and significant holding times once discharge orders were written for this patient population. Aims: This Quality Improvement project aimed to improve the percent of discharge orders …

Hospital Pediatrics, 2021

OBJECTIVES At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, disruptions to pediatric care a... more OBJECTIVES At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, disruptions to pediatric care and training were immediate and significant. We sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on residency training from the perspective of pediatric residents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of categorical pediatric residents at US training programs at the end of the 2019–2020 academic year. This voluntary survey included questions that explored the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on resident training experiences, postresidency employment plans, and attitudes and perceptions. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and mixed-effects regression models. We performed a sensitivity analysis using respondents from programs with a >40% response rate for questions regarding resident attitudes and perceptions. RESULTS Residents from 127 of 201 training programs (63.2%) completed the survey, with a response rate of 18.9% (1141 of 6032). Respondents r...

Pediatrics, 2020

In this national survey of pediatric FPDs, we assess resources for and barriers to effective fell... more In this national survey of pediatric FPDs, we assess resources for and barriers to effective fellow scholarly activity training and factors associated with high productivity. BrightcoveDefaultPlayer10.1542/6203908772001PEDS-VA_2020-013953 Video Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The educational requirements for pediatric fellows include at least 12 months of scholarly activity and generation of a work product. Yet there lacks detailed guidance on how programs can best integrate scholarly activity training into fellowships. Our objectives were to understand the resources and barriers to training and identify factors associated with productivity. METHODS: We surveyed pediatric fellowship program directors (FPDs) nationally in 2019. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariable modeling to identify factors associated with high productivity (>75% of fellows in the past 5 years had an article from their fellowship accepted). RESULTS: A total of 499 of 770 FPDs responded (65%). A total of 174 programs (35%) were highly productive. The most frequent major barriers were a lack of funding for fellows to conduct scholarship (21%, n = 105) and lack of sufficient divisional faculty mentorship (16%, n = 79). The median number of months for scholarship with reduced clinical obligations scholarship was 17. A total of 40% (n = 202) of FPDs believed training should be shortened to 2 years for clinically oriented fellows. Programs with a T32 and a FPD with >5 publications in the past 3 years were twice as likely to be productive. Not endorsing lack of adequate Scholarship Oversight Committee expertise and a research curriculum as barriers was associated with increased productivity (odds ratio = 1.83–1.65). CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant protected fellow research time, most fellows do not publish. Ensuring a program culture of research may provide the support needed to take projects to publication. The fellowship community may consider reevaluating the fellowship duration, particularly for those pursing nonresearch focused careers.

Academic Pediatrics, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Academic Pediatrics, 2018

Global pediatric health, 2017

Objectives: The World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations list Peru as potentially ne... more Objectives: The World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations list Peru as potentially needing prevention of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH). Prevalence of STH varies regionally and remains understudied in the newest informal settlements of the capital city, Lima. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the need for Mass Drug Administration (MDA) of antiparasitic drugs in the newest informal settlements of Lima. The aim of this study was to estimate the season-specific prevalence of STH to determine if these prevalence estimates met the WHO threshold for MDA in 3 informal settlements. Methods: A 2 time point cohort study was conducted among a sample of 140 children aged 1 to 10 years living in 3 purposively sampled informal settlements of Lima, Peru. Children were asked to provide 2 stool samples that were analyzed with the spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique. The season-specific prevalence proportions of MDA-targeted STH were estimated using a hidden (latent)...

Academic Pediatrics, 2017

BACKGROUND: Faculty development is required by the ACGME in both the common and the specialty spe... more BACKGROUND: Faculty development is required by the ACGME in both the common and the specialty specific program requirements. Faculty are also asked annually about their satisfaction with the faculty development provided to supervise and educate residents on the ACGME faculty survey. However, faculty have many competing priorities and attending faculty development sessions is frequently a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To implement a faculty development program for a pediatrics department to meet the faculty's needs. METHODS: After an emergent leadership change in August 2014, the program director (PD) and the associate program director (APD) approached the department chair with a proposal to start a faculty development program. The proposed program was brief (maximum of 20 minutes), employed a method developed by the APD-Snippets and occurred at monthly faculty meetings where attendance is required. Topics included teaching strategies, setting expectations, giving feedback and writing meaningful comments among others. A hands on activity or facilitated discussion accompanied all sessions. RESULTS: The program was implemented in September 2014 and continues today. All sessions are led by the PD or APD. Faculty indicated that the sessions provide needed faculty development-in academic years (AY) 2012-13 and 2013-14 scores on the faculty survey were 3.3 and 3.5 respectively below the national mean. Since the faculty development program was implemented, scores for AY 2014-15 and 2015-16 increased to 4.4 and 4.5 respectively above the national mean. In AY 2014-15 resident satisfaction with feedback following educational assignments was low at 3.8. The program leadership reemphasized giving feedback and writing meaningful comments and in 2015-16 that score improved to 4.4. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a faculty development program as part of an already required activity addresses competing priorities. Although it is by self report, providing sessions that meet faculty needs addresses satisfaction of both faculty and residents.

Hospital Pediatrics, 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-value, cost-conscious care (HVCCC) is care that promotes optimal ... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: High-value, cost-conscious care (HVCCC) is care that promotes optimal patient outcomes while reducing unnecessary costs. Teaching to promote HVCCC is essential, yet little research has assessed the dual perspectives of residents and faculty on this topic. Our aim was to investigate pediatric resident and faculty perspectives of HVCCC training and role modeling to more effectively promote curriculum and faculty development on this subject. METHODS: Pediatric residents and teaching faculty in 2 academic medical centers were surveyed during the 2015–2016 academic year. Questions addressed comfort with HVCCC, current teaching practices, barriers to teaching HVCC, and desired curriculum. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, and Fisher’s exact or χ2 tests were used to assess for associations between responses. Institutional review board approval was obtained at both participating institutions. RESULTS: We received responses from 51% of faculty (12...

MedEdPORTAL Publications, 2015

Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit-This toolkit is designed for two purposes. First, it can be ut... more Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit-This toolkit is designed for two purposes. First, it can be utilized by leadership to facilitate faculty development in research mentoring for graduate medical trainees. Second, it can be used as a resource for faculty to help guide them through the research mentoring process. As a toolkit, leaders and individual faculty members can use only the portions of the toolkit that complement their own efforts or use the toolkit in its entirety. The purpose/goal of the resource: Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit-The purpose of the Research Mentoring Faculty Toolkit is to be a resource for programs and faculty members and to help improve the research mentoring process for trainees. The toolkit contains many different elements designed to help programs better meet the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements around scholarly activity training for residents.