katarina stulrajterova | University of Oxford (original) (raw)
Papers by katarina stulrajterova
Journal of Islamic Studies, 2012
The aim of this article is to show how the process of emancipation in the matter of the election ... more The aim of this article is to show how the process of emancipation in the matter of the election of the pope progressed and peaked in the 13th century.
Since the pope is also a bishop of Rome, he was and is subject to the rules
that apply to the election of a bishop, too. And vice versa, the papal electoral procedure and legislation influenced the episcopal elections throughout the Christian countries. Not all elements pertinent to papal election applied
automatically to episcopal election. This was often attributed to papal policy aiming at securing the influence in the outcome of episcopal election of bishops in the western Christian world.
Muslims, meaning mainly the Pechenegs — the Khwarezmians were not allowed to openly profess their... more Muslims, meaning mainly the Pechenegs — the Khwarezmians were not allowed to openly profess their religion — were subject to three different legal systems. Firstly, sharia law, administered by a ‘qadim’ and possibly ‘a mufti’, applied in cases of family law, dealing for instance with marriage issues, inheritance and patronage of orphans. I interpret the efficiency of dealing with cases where Muslims were plaintiffs to be an excellent example that the Muslims were not only respected citizens but that their peaceful living together and alongside the rest of the prevalently Christian population resulted in a real ‘convivenza’.
In medieval Europe, there were generally two ways of dealing with non-Christians; one was peacefu... more In medieval Europe, there were generally two ways of dealing with non-Christians; one was peaceful co-habitation, often out of convenience, and the other was conversion. Apart from Spain and Sicily, the other area of Europe with a significant Muslim population was Hungary. I chose the topic of Hungary partly because it is still somewhat understudied and partly because it shows the transformation of attitudes
towards Islam fully.
Church Reform, Celibacy, Hungary
The key idea I put forward in this essay is the notion that the papacy used the episcopal practi... more The key idea I put forward in this essay is the notion that
the papacy used the episcopal practice of swearing a non alienation oath as a foundation for a similar oath to be taken by
kings. My paper argues that the papacy was trying to develop
jurisprudence governing the rights and duties of kings by
working on the assumption that kings should swear an oath not to alienate the ‘iura regni’ at their coronation. This would be a constructive use of legal theory to encourage kings to swear such oaths. The English and Hungarian practices in the first half of thirteenth century are analysed in some detail, adding to the rich discussion about Pope Honorius III’s decretal ‘Intellecto’, which became the focal point of the jurists’ discussions of inalienability.
As can be seen, financially Andrew was caught in a cleft stick. Having overspent on military expe... more As can be seen, financially Andrew was caught in a cleft stick. Having overspent on military expeditions and disposed of the royal land that might produce an income he, or rather his tawernicus, was forced to produce the novel solution of leasing future income for immediate cash. The only people with sufficient gold to take part in his scheme were rich Jewish and Muslim moneylenders and traders. He was probably aware that the Church might disapprove of this but gambled that it would be ignored. However, he underestimated Gregory by thinking that he could use the same tactics on him as he had used with Honorius. Gregory rather than just relying on letters of complaints from the local churchmen, sent a trusted legate thus acknowledging the limits of his own ability to get first hand information, being a thousand miles distant from Hungary.
Books by katarina stulrajterova
This paper makes a contribution to the study of the development of capitalism, the expansion of t... more This paper makes a contribution to the study of the development of capitalism, the expansion of the European economy and add to the long-lasting debate related to the genesis of double entry bookkeeping (DEB). It does so by considering the role played by Italian merchants and their new accounting practices.
Journal of Islamic Studies, 2012
The aim of this article is to show how the process of emancipation in the matter of the election ... more The aim of this article is to show how the process of emancipation in the matter of the election of the pope progressed and peaked in the 13th century.
Since the pope is also a bishop of Rome, he was and is subject to the rules
that apply to the election of a bishop, too. And vice versa, the papal electoral procedure and legislation influenced the episcopal elections throughout the Christian countries. Not all elements pertinent to papal election applied
automatically to episcopal election. This was often attributed to papal policy aiming at securing the influence in the outcome of episcopal election of bishops in the western Christian world.
Muslims, meaning mainly the Pechenegs — the Khwarezmians were not allowed to openly profess their... more Muslims, meaning mainly the Pechenegs — the Khwarezmians were not allowed to openly profess their religion — were subject to three different legal systems. Firstly, sharia law, administered by a ‘qadim’ and possibly ‘a mufti’, applied in cases of family law, dealing for instance with marriage issues, inheritance and patronage of orphans. I interpret the efficiency of dealing with cases where Muslims were plaintiffs to be an excellent example that the Muslims were not only respected citizens but that their peaceful living together and alongside the rest of the prevalently Christian population resulted in a real ‘convivenza’.
In medieval Europe, there were generally two ways of dealing with non-Christians; one was peacefu... more In medieval Europe, there were generally two ways of dealing with non-Christians; one was peaceful co-habitation, often out of convenience, and the other was conversion. Apart from Spain and Sicily, the other area of Europe with a significant Muslim population was Hungary. I chose the topic of Hungary partly because it is still somewhat understudied and partly because it shows the transformation of attitudes
towards Islam fully.
Church Reform, Celibacy, Hungary
The key idea I put forward in this essay is the notion that the papacy used the episcopal practi... more The key idea I put forward in this essay is the notion that
the papacy used the episcopal practice of swearing a non alienation oath as a foundation for a similar oath to be taken by
kings. My paper argues that the papacy was trying to develop
jurisprudence governing the rights and duties of kings by
working on the assumption that kings should swear an oath not to alienate the ‘iura regni’ at their coronation. This would be a constructive use of legal theory to encourage kings to swear such oaths. The English and Hungarian practices in the first half of thirteenth century are analysed in some detail, adding to the rich discussion about Pope Honorius III’s decretal ‘Intellecto’, which became the focal point of the jurists’ discussions of inalienability.
As can be seen, financially Andrew was caught in a cleft stick. Having overspent on military expe... more As can be seen, financially Andrew was caught in a cleft stick. Having overspent on military expeditions and disposed of the royal land that might produce an income he, or rather his tawernicus, was forced to produce the novel solution of leasing future income for immediate cash. The only people with sufficient gold to take part in his scheme were rich Jewish and Muslim moneylenders and traders. He was probably aware that the Church might disapprove of this but gambled that it would be ignored. However, he underestimated Gregory by thinking that he could use the same tactics on him as he had used with Honorius. Gregory rather than just relying on letters of complaints from the local churchmen, sent a trusted legate thus acknowledging the limits of his own ability to get first hand information, being a thousand miles distant from Hungary.
This paper makes a contribution to the study of the development of capitalism, the expansion of t... more This paper makes a contribution to the study of the development of capitalism, the expansion of the European economy and add to the long-lasting debate related to the genesis of double entry bookkeeping (DEB). It does so by considering the role played by Italian merchants and their new accounting practices.