Luca Orlandi | Ozyegin University (original) (raw)
Papers by Luca Orlandi
From Galata to Pera: Shifting Borders in Ottoman Society (1453–1923)
Springer eBooks, 2021
The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond th... more The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond the furthest northern point of its walls and the tower fields and rural areas lied. Later on this site that lied beyond the Genoese settlement the most cosmopolitan part of Ottoman Istanbul will develop. Life in Galata was condensed due to maritime trade and harbor’s activities. The settlement couldn’t absorb the influx of incoming population due to increased trades. As a result, its borders were pushed and extended outside its walls toward the rural area of the hill and its ridge above, later known as Beyoglu and Pera. These rural, agricultural areas with cemeteries and groves on the north side of Galata will transform into an area marked with diplomatic representative’s residences and palaces. Here the new cosmopolitan city following Western European models will be established. The rural fields of the past will be replaced with new structures that will later change the entire area into a new cosmopolitan core of modern Istanbul baring the name of Pera. Galata and its walled frontier will slowly disappear and will transition from Galata toward Pera known as Beyoglu, center of new emerging cosmopolitan bourgeoisie of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Travelers in the Ottoman Balkans. Descriptions and comments on the architectural and urban environment in the Thrace region between 15 th and Early 20 th century
Kallithea, Rhodes
Routledge eBooks, Apr 30, 2020
Firenze University Press eBooks, 2022
The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea-renamed the Dodecanese Island... more The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea-renamed the Dodecanese Islands-annexed to Italy as a military possession while formally under the dominion of the Ottomans, might be considered another phase in the search for an Italian identity. From 1912 to 1943 these islands experienced Italy's ambiguous presence as invaders and colonizers. This paper aims to highlight the concept of Italianità through the works of Hermes Balducci, one of the protagonists of Italian colonial architecture in the Dodecanese Islands. To this end and using lesser-known material, this case study intends to recreate and redefine the past of the Italian presence on these islands and provide an interesting point of view in the search for a lost and rediscovered Italian spirit.
Lost Highways. Sinan’s Architectural and Urban Transformations in Thrace as Traces of the Ottoman Civilization and as Possible Cultural Landscape for the Future
Lecture notes in civil engineering, Jul 20, 2017
The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, ... more The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, in order to define a sort of ‘Ottoman Landscape’ that needs to be preserved and valorized. The memories of the transformations in those territories, characterized by networks of roads and complexes have been obliterated by the making of modern Turkey. Despite many architectural elements, buildings, infrastructures and landmarks are still visible in the region, there is a lack of information and loss of collective memory to identify and recognize these important artifacts as a unique system that once grounded the connective spine of all the Ottoman Empire. The Imperial roads that connected the great Ottoman Empire to the Western states are now abandoned or their traces are lost, although the potential impact when placed in an appropriate framework and considering the common past shared in those geographies between Europe and Turkey, could be used as an incentive to reconnect a common cultural and even physical environment.
BEŞ ODA, BİR SERGİ, BİR ÖMÜR (Five Rooms, one Exhibition, one Life)
Conversazione tra L. Orlandi e V. Scelsi sul progetto di allestimento della mostra antologica Fab... more Conversazione tra L. Orlandi e V. Scelsi sul progetto di allestimento della mostra antologica Fabrizio De Andr\ue8, allestita da V. Scelsi a Palazzo Ducale di Genova, pubblicata dalla rivista XXI Yirmibir nel numero 79 (giugno 2009). ISSN 1303-959
Rereading Travellers to the East
The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea – renamed the Dodecanese Isla... more The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea – renamed the Dodecanese Islands – annexed to Italy as a military possession while formally under the dominion of the Ottomans, might be considered another phase in the search for an Italian identity. From 1912 to 1943 these islands experienced Italy’s ambiguous presence as invaders and colonizers. This paper aims to highlight the concept of Italianità through the works of Hermes Balducci, one of the protagonists of Italian colonial architecture in the Dodecanese Islands. To this end and using lesser-known material, this case study intends to recreate and redefine the past of the Italian presence on these islands and provide an interesting point of view in the search for a lost and rediscovered Italian spirit.
Lost Highways. Sinan’s Architectural and Urban Transformations in Thrace as Traces of the Ottoman Civilization and as Possible Cultural Landscape for the Future
The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, ... more The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, in order to define a sort of ‘Ottoman Landscape’ that needs to be preserved and valorized. The memories of the transformations in those territories, characterized by networks of roads and complexes have been obliterated by the making of modern Turkey. Despite many architectural elements, buildings, infrastructures and landmarks are still visible in the region, there is a lack of information and loss of collective memory to identify and recognize these important artifacts as a unique system that once grounded the connective spine of all the Ottoman Empire. The Imperial roads that connected the great Ottoman Empire to the Western states are now abandoned or their traces are lost, although the potential impact when placed in an appropriate framework and considering the common past shared in those geographies between Europe and Turkey, could be used as an incentive to reconnect a common cult...
The Ottoman Landscape of Büyükçekmece. A Case of Oversight or Misinterpretation of the Past?
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2019
The focus of this paper is the Ottoman site at Buyukcekmece Lake in Thrace, incorporated today in... more The focus of this paper is the Ottoman site at Buyukcekmece Lake in Thrace, incorporated today in the outskirts of Istanbul. The Ottoman site analyzed as case-study was designed in the second half of the 16th Century by the master-builder Sinan for the Sultan Suleiman and Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmet Pasha. The Buyukcekmece complex, a post station on the road, included a monumental stone bridge, a caravanserai, a small mosque and a fountain, and for centuries was an important center along the Imperial road connecting the capital with the West. As a result of uncontrolled expansion of the outskirts of Istanbul, starting in the 50s and 60s of the 20th Century, the site has been radically compromised, with the complete transformation of the rural landscape that was surrounding the complex, transforming it into an industrial area interspersed with residential zones. A recent project consisting of tourist-sports center and an entertainment park done by the Great Municipality of Istanbul i...
From Galata to Pera: Shifting Borders in Ottoman Society (1453–1923)
The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond th... more The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond the furthest northern point of its walls and the tower fields and rural areas lied. Later on this site that lied beyond the Genoese settlement the most cosmopolitan part of Ottoman Istanbul will develop. Life in Galata was condensed due to maritime trade and harbor’s activities. The settlement couldn’t absorb the influx of incoming population due to increased trades. As a result, its borders were pushed and extended outside its walls toward the rural area of the hill and its ridge above, later known as Beyoglu and Pera. These rural, agricultural areas with cemeteries and groves on the north side of Galata will transform into an area marked with diplomatic representative’s residences and palaces. Here the new cosmopolitan city following Western European models will be established. The rural fields of the past will be replaced with new structures that will later change the entire area into a...
Istanbul: metamorfosi del turismo, metamorfosi della città
lo Squaderno, 2017
Italian Fascist Architecture Reinterpreted Through the Media of Cinematography
The aim of this paper is to investigate some aspects of the relation between architecture and cin... more The aim of this paper is to investigate some aspects of the relation between architecture and cinema, both of them seen in this sense as media of visual communication. Cinema and architecture are strictly
The aim of this paper is to present the lost heritage of the vernacular architecture in Galata di... more The aim of this paper is to present the lost heritage of the vernacular architecture in Galata district in Istanbul that existed during the Ottoman period. It presents the Ottoman vernacular houses that once existed in the area that were lost throughout the centuries due to the big fires and rapid reconstructions. The paper presents this rich vernacular architecture by detecting its existence and analysis from gravures, sketches and images from the past. After the Ottoman conquest, Galata as well as the city of Constantinople was affected by the process of Ottomanization. The transformations were very much predominant in the urban layout and the texture of the area was improved by more domestic and traditional architecture in wood, remarking Galata into a typical Ottoman environment. After the conquest, the former Genoese colony evolved, in architectural manner. This was achieved through the towns‘ growth marked with arrival of foreigners, the so called ̳Frenks‘ or Levantines, who w...
Travelers in the Ottoman Balkans. Descriptions and comments on the architectural and urban environment in the Thrace region between 15 th and Early 20 th century
The aim of the paper is to describe the ‘Ottoman Landscape’ designed by architect Sinan in the 16... more The aim of the paper is to describe the ‘Ottoman Landscape’ designed by architect Sinan in the 16th Century, through examples of architectural artifacts like mosques, staging posts, caravanserais, complexes, bath and bridges inside the Turkish border of the Thrace region. The land routes connected the capital of the Ottoman Empire Istanbul to the rest of Europe were important routes crossing the Western lands under the control of the Ottomans, to reach other countries and lands. Thanks to descriptions left by many travelers, we can today have an idea of the cities, the urban spaces, the landscape and the territories of Thrace during the Ottoman time, in a period covering approximately the last five centuries. A description of Sinan’s works in the territory of Thrace is given and analyzed, focusing on interesting aspects related to the choice of the site, the urban planning approach and the architectural features. Nowadays Sinan’s works are still visible in the territory and in the m...
Istanbul's heritage at risk: the Galata district
TERRITORIO
Istanbul's Galata district is a multicultural crossroad in the Mediterranean. Throughout Istanbul... more Istanbul's Galata district is a multicultural crossroad in the Mediterranean. Throughout Istanbul's transformation into a modern metropolis Galata maintained its distinctive and cosmopolitan character due to the cultural diversity of its inhabitants. This aspect of Galata was perpetuated by the continuous arrival of foreigners, who brought their own culture, traditions, and religion. This study demonstrates the architectural richness of the district by examining its coexisting civilizations, past and present. The district today faces the alarming possibility of disappearance due to neglect and lack of improvements. It is important to define Galata and its past layers as a historical and cultural asset and to preserve the richness and multicultural origins of this integral part of Istanbul's identity.
Borders in Architecture - CAUMME 2018 International Symposium Proceedings, CAUMME abstracts/ PAUMME Projects Book includes CD with conference proceedings, edited by (alphabetical order): S. Girginkaya Akdağ, S. Soygeniş, M. Vatan, 2018
Website design (alphabetical order): Canay Tunçer, Deniz Yaman
A&U ARCHITEKTÚRA & URBANIZMUS ČASOPIS PRE TEÓRIU ARCHITEKTÚRY A URBANIZMU JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN-PLANNING THEORY, 2019
From Galata to Pera: Shifting Borders in Ottoman Society (1453–1923)
Springer eBooks, 2021
The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond th... more The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond the furthest northern point of its walls and the tower fields and rural areas lied. Later on this site that lied beyond the Genoese settlement the most cosmopolitan part of Ottoman Istanbul will develop. Life in Galata was condensed due to maritime trade and harbor’s activities. The settlement couldn’t absorb the influx of incoming population due to increased trades. As a result, its borders were pushed and extended outside its walls toward the rural area of the hill and its ridge above, later known as Beyoglu and Pera. These rural, agricultural areas with cemeteries and groves on the north side of Galata will transform into an area marked with diplomatic representative’s residences and palaces. Here the new cosmopolitan city following Western European models will be established. The rural fields of the past will be replaced with new structures that will later change the entire area into a new cosmopolitan core of modern Istanbul baring the name of Pera. Galata and its walled frontier will slowly disappear and will transition from Galata toward Pera known as Beyoglu, center of new emerging cosmopolitan bourgeoisie of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Travelers in the Ottoman Balkans. Descriptions and comments on the architectural and urban environment in the Thrace region between 15 th and Early 20 th century
Kallithea, Rhodes
Routledge eBooks, Apr 30, 2020
Firenze University Press eBooks, 2022
The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea-renamed the Dodecanese Island... more The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea-renamed the Dodecanese Islands-annexed to Italy as a military possession while formally under the dominion of the Ottomans, might be considered another phase in the search for an Italian identity. From 1912 to 1943 these islands experienced Italy's ambiguous presence as invaders and colonizers. This paper aims to highlight the concept of Italianità through the works of Hermes Balducci, one of the protagonists of Italian colonial architecture in the Dodecanese Islands. To this end and using lesser-known material, this case study intends to recreate and redefine the past of the Italian presence on these islands and provide an interesting point of view in the search for a lost and rediscovered Italian spirit.
Lost Highways. Sinan’s Architectural and Urban Transformations in Thrace as Traces of the Ottoman Civilization and as Possible Cultural Landscape for the Future
Lecture notes in civil engineering, Jul 20, 2017
The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, ... more The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, in order to define a sort of ‘Ottoman Landscape’ that needs to be preserved and valorized. The memories of the transformations in those territories, characterized by networks of roads and complexes have been obliterated by the making of modern Turkey. Despite many architectural elements, buildings, infrastructures and landmarks are still visible in the region, there is a lack of information and loss of collective memory to identify and recognize these important artifacts as a unique system that once grounded the connective spine of all the Ottoman Empire. The Imperial roads that connected the great Ottoman Empire to the Western states are now abandoned or their traces are lost, although the potential impact when placed in an appropriate framework and considering the common past shared in those geographies between Europe and Turkey, could be used as an incentive to reconnect a common cultural and even physical environment.
BEŞ ODA, BİR SERGİ, BİR ÖMÜR (Five Rooms, one Exhibition, one Life)
Conversazione tra L. Orlandi e V. Scelsi sul progetto di allestimento della mostra antologica Fab... more Conversazione tra L. Orlandi e V. Scelsi sul progetto di allestimento della mostra antologica Fabrizio De Andr\ue8, allestita da V. Scelsi a Palazzo Ducale di Genova, pubblicata dalla rivista XXI Yirmibir nel numero 79 (giugno 2009). ISSN 1303-959
Rereading Travellers to the East
The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea – renamed the Dodecanese Isla... more The rediscovery and promotion of fourteen islands in the Aegean Sea – renamed the Dodecanese Islands – annexed to Italy as a military possession while formally under the dominion of the Ottomans, might be considered another phase in the search for an Italian identity. From 1912 to 1943 these islands experienced Italy’s ambiguous presence as invaders and colonizers. This paper aims to highlight the concept of Italianità through the works of Hermes Balducci, one of the protagonists of Italian colonial architecture in the Dodecanese Islands. To this end and using lesser-known material, this case study intends to recreate and redefine the past of the Italian presence on these islands and provide an interesting point of view in the search for a lost and rediscovered Italian spirit.
Lost Highways. Sinan’s Architectural and Urban Transformations in Thrace as Traces of the Ottoman Civilization and as Possible Cultural Landscape for the Future
The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, ... more The paper is about the traces left by architect Sinan’s Works in Thrace during the 16th Century, in order to define a sort of ‘Ottoman Landscape’ that needs to be preserved and valorized. The memories of the transformations in those territories, characterized by networks of roads and complexes have been obliterated by the making of modern Turkey. Despite many architectural elements, buildings, infrastructures and landmarks are still visible in the region, there is a lack of information and loss of collective memory to identify and recognize these important artifacts as a unique system that once grounded the connective spine of all the Ottoman Empire. The Imperial roads that connected the great Ottoman Empire to the Western states are now abandoned or their traces are lost, although the potential impact when placed in an appropriate framework and considering the common past shared in those geographies between Europe and Turkey, could be used as an incentive to reconnect a common cult...
The Ottoman Landscape of Büyükçekmece. A Case of Oversight or Misinterpretation of the Past?
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2019
The focus of this paper is the Ottoman site at Buyukcekmece Lake in Thrace, incorporated today in... more The focus of this paper is the Ottoman site at Buyukcekmece Lake in Thrace, incorporated today in the outskirts of Istanbul. The Ottoman site analyzed as case-study was designed in the second half of the 16th Century by the master-builder Sinan for the Sultan Suleiman and Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmet Pasha. The Buyukcekmece complex, a post station on the road, included a monumental stone bridge, a caravanserai, a small mosque and a fountain, and for centuries was an important center along the Imperial road connecting the capital with the West. As a result of uncontrolled expansion of the outskirts of Istanbul, starting in the 50s and 60s of the 20th Century, the site has been radically compromised, with the complete transformation of the rural landscape that was surrounding the complex, transforming it into an industrial area interspersed with residential zones. A recent project consisting of tourist-sports center and an entertainment park done by the Great Municipality of Istanbul i...
From Galata to Pera: Shifting Borders in Ottoman Society (1453–1923)
The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond th... more The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond the furthest northern point of its walls and the tower fields and rural areas lied. Later on this site that lied beyond the Genoese settlement the most cosmopolitan part of Ottoman Istanbul will develop. Life in Galata was condensed due to maritime trade and harbor’s activities. The settlement couldn’t absorb the influx of incoming population due to increased trades. As a result, its borders were pushed and extended outside its walls toward the rural area of the hill and its ridge above, later known as Beyoglu and Pera. These rural, agricultural areas with cemeteries and groves on the north side of Galata will transform into an area marked with diplomatic representative’s residences and palaces. Here the new cosmopolitan city following Western European models will be established. The rural fields of the past will be replaced with new structures that will later change the entire area into a...
Istanbul: metamorfosi del turismo, metamorfosi della città
lo Squaderno, 2017
Italian Fascist Architecture Reinterpreted Through the Media of Cinematography
The aim of this paper is to investigate some aspects of the relation between architecture and cin... more The aim of this paper is to investigate some aspects of the relation between architecture and cinema, both of them seen in this sense as media of visual communication. Cinema and architecture are strictly
The aim of this paper is to present the lost heritage of the vernacular architecture in Galata di... more The aim of this paper is to present the lost heritage of the vernacular architecture in Galata district in Istanbul that existed during the Ottoman period. It presents the Ottoman vernacular houses that once existed in the area that were lost throughout the centuries due to the big fires and rapid reconstructions. The paper presents this rich vernacular architecture by detecting its existence and analysis from gravures, sketches and images from the past. After the Ottoman conquest, Galata as well as the city of Constantinople was affected by the process of Ottomanization. The transformations were very much predominant in the urban layout and the texture of the area was improved by more domestic and traditional architecture in wood, remarking Galata into a typical Ottoman environment. After the conquest, the former Genoese colony evolved, in architectural manner. This was achieved through the towns‘ growth marked with arrival of foreigners, the so called ̳Frenks‘ or Levantines, who w...
Travelers in the Ottoman Balkans. Descriptions and comments on the architectural and urban environment in the Thrace region between 15 th and Early 20 th century
The aim of the paper is to describe the ‘Ottoman Landscape’ designed by architect Sinan in the 16... more The aim of the paper is to describe the ‘Ottoman Landscape’ designed by architect Sinan in the 16th Century, through examples of architectural artifacts like mosques, staging posts, caravanserais, complexes, bath and bridges inside the Turkish border of the Thrace region. The land routes connected the capital of the Ottoman Empire Istanbul to the rest of Europe were important routes crossing the Western lands under the control of the Ottomans, to reach other countries and lands. Thanks to descriptions left by many travelers, we can today have an idea of the cities, the urban spaces, the landscape and the territories of Thrace during the Ottoman time, in a period covering approximately the last five centuries. A description of Sinan’s works in the territory of Thrace is given and analyzed, focusing on interesting aspects related to the choice of the site, the urban planning approach and the architectural features. Nowadays Sinan’s works are still visible in the territory and in the m...
Istanbul's heritage at risk: the Galata district
TERRITORIO
Istanbul's Galata district is a multicultural crossroad in the Mediterranean. Throughout Istanbul... more Istanbul's Galata district is a multicultural crossroad in the Mediterranean. Throughout Istanbul's transformation into a modern metropolis Galata maintained its distinctive and cosmopolitan character due to the cultural diversity of its inhabitants. This aspect of Galata was perpetuated by the continuous arrival of foreigners, who brought their own culture, traditions, and religion. This study demonstrates the architectural richness of the district by examining its coexisting civilizations, past and present. The district today faces the alarming possibility of disappearance due to neglect and lack of improvements. It is important to define Galata and its past layers as a historical and cultural asset and to preserve the richness and multicultural origins of this integral part of Istanbul's identity.
Borders in Architecture - CAUMME 2018 International Symposium Proceedings, CAUMME abstracts/ PAUMME Projects Book includes CD with conference proceedings, edited by (alphabetical order): S. Girginkaya Akdağ, S. Soygeniş, M. Vatan, 2018
Website design (alphabetical order): Canay Tunçer, Deniz Yaman
A&U ARCHITEKTÚRA & URBANIZMUS ČASOPIS PRE TEÓRIU ARCHITEKTÚRY A URBANIZMU JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN-PLANNING THEORY, 2019
The Dialectics of Urban and Architectural Boundaries in the Middle East and Mediterranean, 2021
The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond th... more The Genoese walled town of Galata was positioned on the Golden Horn opposite Byzantium. Beyond the furthest northern point of its walls and the tower fields and rural areas lied. Later on this site that lied beyond the Genoese settlement the most cosmopolitan part of Ottoman Istanbul will develop. Life in Galata was condensed due to maritime trade and harbor’s activities. The settlement couldn’t absorb the influx of incoming population due to increased trades. As a result, its borders were pushed and extended outside its walls toward the rural area of the hill and its ridge above, later known as Beyoğlu and Pera. These rural, agricultural areas with cemeteries and groves on the north side of Galata will transform into an area marked with diplomatic representative’s residences and palaces. Here the new cosmopolitan city following Western European models will be established. The rural fields of the past will be replaced with new structures that will later change the entire area into a new cosmopolitan core of modern Istanbul baring the name of Pera. Galata and its walled frontier will slowly disappear and will transition from Galata toward Pera known as Beyoğlu, center of new emerging cosmopolitan bourgeoisie of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO ITALIAN FASCIST ARCHITECTURE, 2020
Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design, Proceedings of the 5th INTBAU annual event - Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2018
LA CITTÀ MULTIETNICA NEL MONDO MEDITERRANEO, 2019
Per i passi antologici, per le citazioni, per le riproduzioni grafiche, cartografiche e fotografi... more Per i passi antologici, per le citazioni, per le riproduzioni grafiche, cartografiche e fotografiche appartenenti alla proprietà di terzi, inseriti in quest' opera, l' editore è a disposizione degli aventi diritto non potuti reperire nonché per eventuali non volute omissioni e/o errori di attribuzione nei riferimenti.
Değişen Zamanların Mimarı Edoardo De Nari 1874-1954 / Architect of the Changing Times Edoardo De Nari 1874-1954, Sergi kataloğu / Exhibition catalogue, 2012
Cultural Landscape in practice. Conservation vs Emergencies”, (G. Amoruso, R. Salerno eds), 2019
Peer-reviewed papers from the 1st International Conference of the Levantine Heritage Foundation (... more Peer-reviewed papers from the 1st International Conference of the Levantine Heritage Foundation (Istanbul, November 2014).
Edited by Axel B. Corlu
Caglar Keyder
Funda Aditatar
Frank Castiglione
Umit Eser
Vjeran Kursar
Anna Lia Proietti Ergun
Luca Orlandi
Aysin Sisman
Alyson Wharton-Durgaryan
Carole Woodall
Orlandi, L., “Istanbul”, in “Dizionario di Architettura del Novecento Vol. II – Opere, progetti, ... more Orlandi, L., “Istanbul”, in “Dizionario di Architettura del Novecento Vol. II – Opere, progetti, luoghi”, (Marco Biraghi and Alberto Ferlenga editors), Torino: Giulio Einaudi Editore, 2013, pp. 789-798.