Anna Ujwary-Gil | Polish Academy of Sciences (original) (raw)

Papers by Anna Ujwary-Gil

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

Purpose: The explanation of entrepreneurial choices is relevant for efficient resource allocation... more Purpose: The explanation of entrepreneurial choices is relevant for efficient resource allocation and wealth of individuals and societies. The economics and management studies in entrepreneurship present both complementary and alternative views on the antecedents of entrepreneurial decisions and actions. This paper aims to synthesize this discussion, propose the processual and configurational approach that bridges the extant views, as well as to present the contribution of the papers in this issue to exploring the link between entrepreneurial cognition and choices. Methodology: Based on the narrative literature review, we present the major constructs describing how entrepreneurs make judgments under uncertainty and select particular decisions and actions. Then, we suggest how these differing assumptions can be adopted within processual view, as well as based on the configurational approach to judgments and actions of entrepreneurs. Findings: The research included in this issue treat...

European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship

The study aims to examine the two-mode network of digital innovation hubs (DIH) operating in Pola... more The study aims to examine the two-mode network of digital innovation hubs (DIH) operating in Poland, understood as ecosystems and competence centers, to support the digital transformation of enterprises in a region. Digital Innovation Hub is also one of the S3 Smart Specialization Platform mapping tools and identifying areas of economic specialization of regions, aimed at facilitating interregional cooperation and creating partnerships between different actors across Europe. While the functions and goals of DIH are more and more often presented in national and regional development documents, little is known about the network structure of DIHs operating in a given country (region) and in the European Union. The study used structured and secondary Smart Specialization Platform data, which allows the creation of two-mode relationship networks and shows how interrelated the studied DIHs and digital technologies they use are. Based on the social network analysis and network metrics (cent...

European Conference on Knowledge Management

The Digital Innovation Hub (DIH) is a relatively young research area emerging on the basis of wel... more The Digital Innovation Hub (DIH) is a relatively young research area emerging on the basis of well-known ideas of technology parks or clusters. DIH is mainly focused on the digital transformation of enterprises and the development of a given region in the context of Industry 4.0 based on digital technology. The European Union is the initiator of the "Digital Europe" program for 2021-2027, aiming to promote the transfer of digital specialist knowledge to economic entities. The authors chose the DIHs operating in Poland as a starting point for network analysis in the context of the technology and services provided by Polish DIHs. This research aims to measure network cohesion, the centrality of individual DIH, and its specialty (exclusivity). It is based on secondary data collected using the Smart Specialization Platform based on which the two two-mode networks have been developed: actor x technology (ATij) and actor x services provided (ASPij). Measurements and visualizatio...

Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 2021

PURPOSE: Explore what entrepreneurship and success factors can help drive business to resilience ... more PURPOSE: Explore what entrepreneurship and success factors can help drive business to resilience and stability and achieve competitive advantage through innovation in different countries and business realities in the era of digital transformation and turbulent times. METHODOLOGY: Based on the narrative literature review, we present research findings concerning new strategies and outlooks for business innovation in times of many unknowns. Each organization wants to find its way to gain success and create its unique business model, which can capture value creation and innovativeness and be more adaptive, resilient, and stable in critical moments and sustainable over time. FINDINGS: The articles presented in this issue explore the essential factors of business innovation and success in different organizations and the environments in which these businesses function. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: This article synthesizes the presented research field’s importance and relevance, connecting its theoretical background with practical research. Recommendations and implications for future trends of this research stream might also be helpful for professionals and academicians. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The novel studies presented in this issue were done in five different (developing and developed) countries and business sectors that present human-based and non-human-based factors as crucial factors needed to empower business transformation in a complex world. Each group of elements is essential in business success, and their components are interdependent. We need to look at the interactions and interdependencies of their components in a dynamic and network form and cannot simplify the reality, focusing only on one group of business components and ignoring the other. These unique studies provide a valuable outlook to establish dynamic, adaptive business pathways towards a sustainable and resilient organizational future and propose future research paths needed to execute structural changes in businesses. Keywords: business model, innovation, critical success factors, digital transformation, knowledge management, talent management, competitiveness, leadership, transformation, change management, VUCA

In presenting this issue entitled Evolving Enterprise Competences in Response to Changes in the E... more In presenting this issue entitled Evolving Enterprise Competences in Response to Changes in the Environment, we want to focus your attention on organizational competence in the context of its competitiveness in the market. The competitive advantage of a modern organization results from competences that enable the adaptation of market mechanisms, internal coordination of activities and resources, consistent building of human potential and development of business capabilities. Organizations' competences in creating innovation, using advanced information and communication technologies (ICT), and building human capital are particularly strongly articulated today. Organizations in the 20th century were oriented towards creating a sustainable competitive advantage based on key competences that ensured a stable growth in market share. Contemporary 21st-century organizations have understood that gaining a competitive advantage results from competences that allow them to succeed in new fields and quickly reconfigure business models. Every company should know the competences that will enable it to use opportunities, differentiate itself from other market players and implement its own development strategies. The diverse research issues in the collected articles allow you to build and assess a broad perspective of the opportunities that companies use in the market and the various competence gaps that deprive them of these opportunities.

Prezentacja z XVIII Ogolnopolskiej konferencji naukowej bibliotek uczelni niepublicznych i public... more Prezentacja z XVIII Ogolnopolskiej konferencji naukowej bibliotek uczelni niepublicznych i publicznych organizowanej przez Biblioteke Wyzszej Szkoly Biznesu - National-Louis University w Nowym Sączu w dn. 24-25.05.2018 r. pt. "Biblioteka przyszlości – wyzwania - trendy - zagrozenia". Sesja IV.

Zarządzanie strategiczne w dobie cyfrowej gospodarki sieciowej, 2020

The second issue in 2020 of the quarterly published JEMI explores enterprise development and inno... more The second issue in 2020 of the quarterly published JEMI explores enterprise development and innovation. The behavioral determinants of the economic ventures indicated by the authors is a continually developing trend of research in economic sciences. Contemporary enterprises are increasingly investing their resources in obtaining information on factors that stimulate employee behavior in order to increase efficiency or develop innovation. Behavioral approach is also used in seeking answers to questions about the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) posed by entities responsible for supporting the SME sector. In economic sciences, behavioral approaches result from an interdisciplinary view on the behavior of people participating in economic life. The behaviors of entrepreneurs, managers, other participants in an organization, clients, and entities supporting economic activities are an essential subject of research interest. The presented articles show the research perspectives that contribute to the development of a behavioral stream in economic sciences.

The theoretical aim of the article is to define the concept of inter-organizational networks in t... more The theoretical aim of the article is to define the concept of inter-organizational networks in the public sphere, as well as to review and critically evaluate research and concepts to measure such networks. The methodical aim is to present the author’s method of the assessment of the effectiveness of interorganizational networks in the public sphere. The practical goal is the presentation of research results. The research starting point was a general model of inter-organizational networks in the public sphere performance assessment. In particular, the researcher applied an aggregate assessment method, the essence of which is to determine the synthetic value of the organizational process and the process of organization functioning, based on merging single assessment criteria. Interpretation and data presentation were prepared with the use of categorization, scoring and ranking methods. The result of the research is the development of a multicriteria model for measuring the effective...

Electronic Markets, 2020

The network perspective of a business model provides an attractive outlook on the interactions an... more The network perspective of a business model provides an attractive outlook on the interactions and interdependencies of its components. The network is a “living organism,” it changes constantly and dynamically. Therefore, the key nodes in the network, and their potential loss, may be of vital importance to the network itself. The paper presents the network of relations between the components of a company business model operating in a sector of new technologies – virtual reality – and indicates the prominent and most influential nodes in the network that can affect value creation. The authors analyzed the influence exerted by a key node that has been eliminated from the network on the remaining structure, based on the immediate impact (change analysis), which computes the key nodes of the network and then isolates them individually to determine the effect on measured values. The primary research approach is an organizational network analysis (mostly centrality measures) and a simulat...

Przegląd Organizacji, Nov 30, 2008

Przegląd Organizacji, Jun 30, 2009

Economics & Sociology, 2017

Artykuł prezentuje metodę KCE™ w kontekście wyceny wartości przedsiębiorstwa. Wzrastająca dysprop... more Artykuł prezentuje metodę KCE™ w kontekście wyceny wartości przedsiębiorstwa. Wzrastająca dysproporcja między księgową i rynkową wartością dużej liczby przedsiębiorstw wymusza bardziej precyzyjne wytłumaczenie tego zjawiska, kierując uwagę na niematerialne zasoby przedsiębiorstwa wpływające na jego wartość rynkową. Jakkolwiek problemem nie jest tylko wycena wartości zasobów niematerialnych w ujęciu finansowym, ale również metodologiczny konflikt miedzy tradycyjnym księgowym pomiarem a współczesnymi rynkami. Prezentowana metoda KCE™ częściowo wyjaśnia źródło tego konfliktu. Zastosowano ją do analizy dwóch przedsiębiorstw: Telekomunikacja Polska S.A. oraz Netia S.A., a uzyskane wyniki pozwalają zrozumieć, dlaczego i w jakim stopniu przedsiębiorstwa są niedoszacowane, bądź przeszacowane.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation

European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship

European Conference on Knowledge Management

Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 2021

Zarządzanie strategiczne w dobie cyfrowej gospodarki sieciowej, 2020

Electronic Markets, 2020

Przegląd Organizacji, Nov 30, 2008

Przegląd Organizacji, Jun 30, 2009

Economics & Sociology, 2017

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 2023

Business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness: A triangular model for mi... more Business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness: A triangular model for micro and small enterprises in Poland
This paper proposes a triangular relationship between business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity, and innovativeness. The role of knowledge absorptive capacity in stimulating the impact of business consulting on innovativeness is studied. An empirical study is conducted using the CATI method, and it is based on data concerning 382 Polish micro and small enterprises. Qualitative variables reflecting using business consulting, knowledge absorptive capacity and innovativeness are defined. The multivariate discrete choice model taking into account relationships among these constructs, is proposed and its parameters are estimated. The results of the empirical research indicate that business consulting in Poland and similar countries may help firms implement innovative solutions. Knowledge absorptive capacity stimulates innovativeness and has a positive impact on the relationship between using business consulting and improvement in innovativeness. Though the frequency of using business consulting is an important factor in improving innovativeness, cooperation between a consultant and a manager matters more.
Sustainable development and entrepreneurship in emerging countries: Are sustainable development and entrepreneurship reciprocally reinforcing?
Entrepreneurship seen as an engine for economic development is especially desirable for emerging countries to support rapid growth. Moreover, entrepreneurs can support social transformation in favor of more sustainable products and services. Sustainable orientation of entrepreneurship contributes to sustainable development goals and prevents environmental deprivation. However, the sustainable development agenda can also influence entrepreneurship. The conducted bibliometric analysis confirmed the growing interest among scholars in the correlation of entrepreneurship to sustainability in the last years. Furthermore, panel regression (static model) was used to explore the variables on entrepreneurship influencing the sustainable development goal (SDG) index in emerging countries, and Levin, Lin and Chu (LLC), W-Stat – IPS, ADF-Fisher Chi-Square, and PP-Fisher Chi-Square tests were applied to analyze the variables stationarity. In addition, the Hausmann test was used to select between random and fixed effects, and heteroskedasticity of residues, autocorrelation of residues and dependence of residues between the panels were conducted. Data was analyzed through Eviews 13. This paper investigates the relationship between sustainability and entrepreneurship in emerging countries. It discusses the impact of sustainable development on entrepreneurship and the influence of entrepreneurship on sustainable development.
Is Team Entrepreneurial Orientation important in generating creative business ideas? The moderating role of team-perceived heterogeneity and the individual creative mindset
The study aims to unveil if Team Entrepreneurial Orientation (TEO) facilitates identification of creative market opportunities understood as novelty and quality business ideas. Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) has rarely been measured at a team level and few studies have attempted to examine the relationship between EO and actual creative outcomes. The proposed research model searches for new patterns that can foster creativity of entrepreneurial teams. In addition, the research adds the moderating effect of perceived team heterogeneity and individual creative mindset (Growth-Creative and Fixed-Creative Mindsets) as contingency variables to improve the understanding under which circumstances the entrepreneurial teams generate creative business ideas. The research sample comprises entrepreneurial teams from the Mondragon Team Academy in the Basque Country, Spain. The applied experiment of idea generation of entrepreneurial teams has not been generated for the purpose of the study but it formed part of the natural processes of the selected sample of teams. The novelty and quality of business ideas were evaluated by experts in the field. The data relationships were analyzed through partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Entrepreneurial Orientation of teams leads to product-market entries but not necessarily to novel product-market entries. Entrepreneurially oriented teams have a greater tendency to generate quality and slightly modified existing business ideas rather than to generate novel market opportunities. The applied moderators present different interaction results with the studied relationships. Specifically, individuals with a Fixed-Creative Mindset in a team have an antagonistic interaction on the TEO-Quality relationship. Team-Perceived Heterogeneity and Growth-Creative Mindset of individuals have no effect on either the TEO-Quality or the TEO-Novelty link.
Subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated-serial mediation model
This study aims to clarify the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. The results of how subjective norms contribute to forming start-up intention are inconsistent and unclear, which is notable in previous research. By integrating the theory of planned behavior and the theory of self-efficacy, we investigate whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship serially mediate the relationship between subjective norms and intention to start a business. In addition, this study examines the moderate role of entrepreneurial education on the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship. This study utilized a sample of 958 master’s students in Vietnam to investigate a moderated-serial mediation model of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to check the reliability and validity of the scales. Then, the SPSS PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was employed to test the research model. The results of this study found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude significantly mediate subjective norms’ effect on entrepreneurial intention. Especially, the results reveal that the serial mediation effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship was significant and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship played a fully mediating role in the relationship between subjective norms and start-up intention. In addition, this study found that the serial mediation effect of subjective norms on start-up intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude was negatively moderated by entrepreneurial education.
An overview of the empirical research on entrepreneurial alertness using a systematic literature review method
In the last two decades, the concept of entrepreneurial alertness (EA) has been considered a key element in investigating how individuals recognize entrepreneurial opportunities. Consequently, research on entrepreneurial alertness has grown considerably, attracting researchers’ attention from not only the field of entrepreneurship, but also other academic disciplines through which this concept has been studied from a variety of perspectives. Therefore, it is time to document researchers’ cumulative knowledge on entrepreneurial alertness. Based on a multi-step approach used in previous studies, which guarantees a systematic, transparent, and replicable literature review, this study identified a final sample of 84 articles published in scientific journals between 2005 and 2021 that empirically tested the concept of EA. The publications were sourced from the Web of Science database. The results show that empirical research on entrepreneurial alertness grew significantly from 2016 to 2021, during which period almost 11 articles per year were published. Also, the results confirm that most of the empirical research on alertness has been carried out in developing economies, from which China stands out with 14 publications, representing 16 percent of the total. Finally, the review resulted in the identification of five broad research models in which EA has been hypothesized and examined through empirical research: antecedents, consequences, mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation. The model examining the consequences or outcomes of entrepreneurial alertness has received the most attention, with 59 articles in this context.
The linkage between economic literacy and students’ intention of starting business: The mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness
Enhancing the number of entrepreneurs is a major study to combat economic and social problems. Psychological factors considered as effective stimulants for entrepreneurial behavior have attracted many researchers in the last decade. The purpose of this research attempts to examine how the influence of economic literacy can promote the intention of starting a new business among students and explore the role of entrepreneurial alertness in mediating this relationship. The research adopted a quantitative approach in which hypotheses were statistically estimated using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on survey data using a self-administered questionnaire (n=450) from several universities in Indonesia. The analysis indicates that economic literacy has a significant effect on students’ entrepreneurial alertness and intention to start a new business. Indeed, entrepreneurial alertness can mediate the relationship between economic literacy and the intention of starting a new business. However, among entrepreneurial alertness dimensions, scanning and search failed in determining the students’ intention of starting a new business.

Meeting employee interests depending on the age and form of employment The aim of this chapter is... more Meeting employee interests depending on the age and form of employment
The aim of this chapter is the identification and assessment of meeting employee interests among the employed in standard and non-standard forms based on the age criterion. An empirical study was conducted using the CAWI technique covering a sample of 1,000 working Poles. The conducted analysis showed common strengths and weaknesses in meeting employee interests regarding the standard and non-standard forms. Providing employees with safe and hygienic working conditions was highly assessed, whereas employee participation was rated low. The specificity of Generation Z was evident, whose representatives (compared to older cohorts) frequently rated meeting employee interests higher. Filling the research gap related to the analysis of the authors’ presentation of employee interests regarding the age and form of employment in Poland. The results have practical usefulness for shaping employment, taking into account the above-mentioned variables. The research results covering a representative sample of working Poles fill the empirical data gap, extending beyond the scope of data available in statistical reporting (Statistics Poland, Eurostat). The empirical research used an original concept combining the issue of employee interests with the age and form of employment.
Keywords: forms of employment, employee interests, age, cohort.

Circular economy in the implementation of the investment and innovation policy of environmental management in post-war Ukraine
The purpose of the study is to develop methodological support for a comprehensive assessment concerning dominants of the investment and innovation policy of nature management based on the circular economy. It also conducts an assessment of current trends and problems in post-war Ukraine. The basic methodological platform introduces the concept of sustainable development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of methodological support for a comprehensive assessment and is based on: (1) a set of principles (systematicity and complexity, adequacy and dynamism, objectivity and accuracy, effectiveness, purposefulness, scientificity); (2) an expanded system of national indicators of sustainable development within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, which integrates European, author's, economic and environmental indicators focused on an in-depth assessment of investment and natural resource potential in terms of species and structural-sectoral dimension.
Keywords: circular economy, nature management, investment and innovation policy of nature management, sustainable development, Sustainable Development Goals, dominants of investment and innovation policy of nature management.

The impact of economic activity zones on local development: The example of Wieliczka Municipality in Poland
The purpose of this chapter is to present the impact of economic activity zones (EAZs) on local development and to identify good practices in the management of EAZs, based on the experience of the commune of Wieliczka, Poland. Nevertheless, beyond the theoretical insights, the empirical evidence of effective local development governance in EAZs is still limited, even in metropolitan areas where a range of instruments are provided to support local development. These are challenging resources (including land and infrastructure) and soft, intangible ones (including location, quality of intellectual capital, and entrepreneurship of residents). As a result of the application of good practices in municipal management, they become key determinants that determine the potential of EAZ and increase competitiveness.. Exploring further options for the impact of EAZ on local development may be an interesting direction to involve external stakeholders in order to enable the incorporation of their skills and resources. The chapter briefly discusses the impact of EAZ on local development and provides practitioners with areas on the potential challenges of using EAZ. Local development carries certain risks, which have implications for EAZ creation efforts.
Keywords: economic activity zones, EAZ, local development, municipal investment, entrepreneurship, innovation, EAZ management.

A challenge for sustainable public management: Administrative performance measurement and public sector reform
This chapter proposes a rational approach to administrative performance measurement. As Japan has entered an aged society with a low birthrate, administrative organizations in Japan are required to conduct performance-based public management under tight fiscal conditions. Aiming at efficient management with various schemes for administrative performance measurement based on the theory of New Public Management has been proposed. However, a tangible way of management has not been established due to authoritarianism or political shackles in organizations. In addition, such a performance measurement sometimes involves subjective factors in relation to outcome indices. Therefore, developing a practical evaluation scheme is not straightforward. The results obtained from the case study show the practical effectiveness of the proposed approach. Based on the evaluation procedure, this chapter further considers a possible scheme of public sector reform in conjunction with a prospective way to transfer authority from an administrative organization to substitutable sectors. The implication of the scheme of reformation illustrates sustainable public management.
Keywords: public management, sustainability, publicness, analytic hierarchy process, administrative performance measurement, public sector reform.

Plan or die: Entrepreneurs' response to crisis situation
Thanks to the COVID-19 epidemic, the last two years have been filled with changes for entrepreneurs. As a result, the change leads to a new level, much higher than the previous one. It is a long-term strategy focused on debt levels, risk-advantage approaches, reinvestment in profits, and organizational changes. The purpose of this chapter is to present the results of the entrepreneurs’ response to the situation within and nearly after COVID-19 restrictions. Research findings are based on primary research in more than 300 companies in the Czech Republic (2 rounds of survey – 2020 and 2021). The comparison contrasts the change in strategic thinking due to long-term crisis. The results showed that measurable goals are extremely important during the crisis to maintain discipline in business (an increase of 91%). On the other hand, the exit strategy as a response to crisis is not the preferred solution (the lowest preference). Findings could be applied in managerial practice as a recommendation when research findings illustrate a possible combination of optimal business behavior within a crisis environment. Originality could be seen in the importance of ongoing profit investments and planning of individual activities in the company and the need for an active approach of the entrepreneur.
Keywords: COVID-19, crisis behavior, changes in future goals, planning activities, entrepreneurs

Hydraulic supplier selection: An Analytic Hierarchy Process approach
In industrial environments, hydraulic systems work in continuous operation, for several applications that may demand control of large loads and high-power density. The methods of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) facilitate the decision-making, including the supplier selection strategies for hydraulic equipment. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is the MCDA method applied to select suppliers by a Brazilian industrial plant. This chapter presents a case of supplier selection of hydraulic equipment, with four suppliers evaluated regarding five criteria and more than 20 sub-criteria, according to three experts. The AHP, the most widely used MCDA method, proved to be a reliable and useful MCDA method even in a case of more than nine criteria. In this case, Quality was the most important criterion, and Price was the less important. The main contribution of this study is to prove that a simple MCDA model, with the AHP application alone, may be enough to solve a practical decision problem, without increasing its complexity with hybridism.
Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process, multi-criteria decision analysis, hydraulic systems, supplier selections.

Strategic business planning technology for weakly-structured subject domains
The purpose of this study is to create a technology and respective software tools for collegial (group) development of strategic plans for businesses in weakly structured domains. Strategic planning in such domains is an often challenging task, as quantitative (or even quantifiable) deterministic data is scarce or unavailable, uncertainty levels are high, and expert knowledge often represents the key information source (potentially, alongside open data). The technology is intended to overcome these challenges Methods of group knowledge acquisition and processing have been developed. This research aims to solve a global problem of knowledge transfer from people with expertise (experience, intuition) in a certain field to people who need this knowledge to solve practical problems. This theoretical basis is intended for strategic planning practice in various areas, including business. An original way of automating the process of group subject domain model construction and the suggested application of existing and newly developed knowledge-oriented methods to strategic planning are proposed. All material presented in the chapter, is the result of ongoing original research led by the author.
Keywords: strategic business-analysis, knowledge transfer, goal dynamic estimating of alternatives, rational distribution of resources, genetic algorithm, technology, subject domains

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to redefine the most significant challenges faced by ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to redefine the most significant challenges faced by individual economies and society today. It contributed to the change of contemporary social, technological and economic trends, the effects of which will indeed be the subject of many scientific studies in the coming years. As the pandemic progresses, it promotes reflection and summaries of the consequences of behaviors or omissions in each country. One of them is a synthetic presentation of ten lessons from the pandemic (Gorynia, 2021), which the professor accurately diagnoses in the economic context: 1) the pandemic as a non-economic (sanitary-medical) shock that caused the economic, social and political crisis; 2) the pandemic as a "black swan", an unpredictable threat of high species gravity, but requiring anticipation to minimize its harmful effects in the future; 3) determining the causes of the appearance of the virus determines different preventive actions for future threats; 4) resilience as the foundation of long-term economic efficiency; 5) the set of measures to counteract the harmful effects of a pandemic should not be unified but adapted to the specificity of the facilities it is to affect; 6) the world economy as a system of vessels connected with its positive and negative consequences; 7) the pandemic highlighted the role of coordination of international cooperation; the shortcomings of globalization must be overcome by fairly sharing the positive fruits of international cooperation and resilience aimed at diversifying supplies; 8) economic policy pursued by individual states with a view to preventing the effects of the economic crisis caused by a pandemic cannot be voluntary; 9) the pandemic has sharpened the perception of the shortcomings of contemporary economic, social and political systems and prompts the questioning of certain pillars of the market economy (e.g., homo oeconomicus, individual and global rationality, private and state property, canons of monetary, fiscal, budgetary or industrial policy); 10) the pandemic increases the pressure on systemic and holistic thinking taking into account green economic development, saving energy, water and other resources, using renewable energy sources, avoiding wastage of resources, paying attention to social inequalities in the world, regions and countries, solving poverty problems, and social exclusion. This monograph is partially a response to the in-depth issues covered in these lessons. The authors of individual chapters challenge contemporary topics relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, industry and inter-organizational cooperation, pro-environmental, resilient, and innovative organizations. The monograph consists of three parts.
The first part (PART 1) covers an overview of very recent research, considering the impact of COVID-19 on the economy, industries, and business. The article by Anna Ujwara-Gil and Bianka Godlewska-Dzioboń deals with, among others, the issues relating to pandemic impacts on the slowdown in the functioning of the construction, electric automotive, and water industries. Also, it affects the tourist industry, where countries are starting to pay attention to the resource-saving green economy and problems of professional exclusion in the pandemic era. In another article, Maria Czech refers to the influence of public debt on the volatility of spreads during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is part of the study on the use of sovereign credit default swap spreads to assess a country's credit risk, which may be distorted in a pandemic period. It is undisputed that the COVID-19 pandemic has a global dimension. The crisis resulting from disorders such as in value chains has caused industry to slow down. The Czech luxury fashion industry is no exception. As Radka MacGregor Pelikánová points out, COVID-19 has turned out to be a threat to its development.. Leading Czech luxury fashion companies withdrew to a passive role and felt the negative consequences of the pandemic. As the Author points out, few have engaged in corporate social responsibility and showed ingenuity, which increases their chances of survival in the future. In other studies, Tereza Horáková and Kateřina Maršíková identified factors influencing the environment of effective knowledge exchange in SMEs, which in the era of hybrid work during COVID-19, is particularly important.
The second part of the monograph (PART 2) includes two studies on the photovoltaic cell industry in China from the perspective of comparative and intra-industry advantage. As a significant player in the global trade scene and various value chains, China is a fascinating subject of research undertaken by Paweł Brusilo and Bogusława Drelich-Skulska. The results of the first article demonstrate the success of the Chinese industry in terms of growth potential, competitiveness, and development opportunities thanks to effective state support and favorable market forces. As the authors point out, the Chinese solar cell industry has not been studied so far in the context of comparative advantage and the new structural economy. The results show the way for other countries to consider or develop innovative industries, such as renewable energy and solar energy. In the second article, Paweł Brusilo examines the topic of the Belt and Road Initiative in the context of the Chinese photovoltaic cell industry, energy transition policy, identification of modern intra-industry trade patterns and opportunities for this industry, which is characterized by significant state interventionism. The considerations in this article may inspire EU countries to deepen economic and trade cooperation in the export and import of solar cells with China. On the other hand, Joanna Kurowska-Pysz has undertaken the analysis of the cooperation conditions within the innovative processes of representatives of science, business, the legislative, and economic environment cooperating on the capital market. The Author focused on the motivators, barriers, but also the search for an effective form of development of intersectoral cooperation enabling the exchange of knowledge and experience, learning, including the flow of personnel between sectors, joint organization of conferences, seminars, training, and implementation of research projects constituting the basis of innovative processes, or the diagnosis of network relationships. The model proposed by the Author will surely inspire other researchers.
The third part of the monograph (PART 3) includes articles referring, inter alia, to the pro-environmental organizational culture of enterprises. Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej, as an advocate of this valuable orientation today, has shown that organizations are interested in developing pro-ecological behavior and are aware of their impact on the natural environment. The article is in line with the global trend focused on the sustainable, ecological, and green economy enterprises operating in this trend, not only because of COVID-19. Taking action to develop a pro-ecological organizational culture, taking care of the natural environment is not only a moral and ethical requirement but also an obligation for the future generation. This part also includes an article by Piotr Tomszys and Bartosz Grucza, who present an inspiring model of organizational resilience and an attempt to operationalize it. The organizational resilience model proposed by the Authors is in line with the growing interest in the analyzes and measurement of the enterprises' resilience. The conceptualization and measurement of economic resilience can inspire other researchers to further research in this area. The COVID-19 pandemic, as an unpredictable and destructive shock, might be a unique opportunity to verify the developed model, as the authors point out. The last article deals with the issue of innovative management and its measurement based on a proprietary tool developed by Magdalena Gorzelany-Dziadkowiec. The considerations undertaken by the Author are a reliable starting point for further research concerning the impact of COVID-19 on the organization's functioning, the development of innovative management, changes in work processes, and interpersonal relations in the era of increasingly dominant digital technology and skills to use it.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 2021

Keywords: business model, innovation, critical success factors, digital transformation, knowledge management, talent management, competitiveness, leadership, transformation, change management, VUCA

Francis & Taylor Group, 2020

PREVIEW – Prof. Kathleen M. Carley (Carnegie Mellon University, USA, CASOS) The main focus of th... more PREVIEW – Prof. Kathleen M. Carley (Carnegie Mellon University, USA, CASOS)

The main focus of this book has been placed on:
• Identifying intangible resources in the organization: knowledge and skills (K), resources (R, structural capital of the organization), and tasks (T). Identification of tasks (activities) is inherently related to knowledge and resources (R), which are used in the performance of these tasks. Without defining tasks, there would be no reference point for identifying knowledge and resources. Therefore, this approach gives intangible resources a more dynamic character, rather than defining the status quo of these resources in a given time frame and only presenting their static snapshot, as it happens in many information, knowledge, and intellectual capital audit models.
• Presenting the information network (AA), in which the key role is played by human network actors and the process of information exchange. Information network analysis allows for identifying the actors’ relations and their prominence (the most exposed position in the network in terms of incoming and outgoing relations).
• Presenting the knowledge network. It is assumed that knowledge networks include network AA (in which actors seek assistance and support when solving problems related to their professional work; and know what knowledge and skills their colleagues have — with possible flow of tacit knowledge), and network AK (in which one can see what knowledge actors have and what knowledge they use at work).
• Presenting the resource network (AR), which allows for defining the resources (structural capital) that actors can access and the resources they use at work.
• Presenting the task network (AT), which allows one to identify what tasks actors can perform and what tasks they perform in an organization.
• Presenting the knowledge–task network (KT), which makes it possible to define what knowledge is critical when performing particular tasks. Knowledge load, congruence, and centrality metrics were used to define the efficiency of knowledge application in the organization.
• Presenting the resource–task network (RT), which makes it possible to define what resources are critical when performing particular tasks. Resource load, congruence, and centrality metrics were used to define the efficiency of resource use in the organization.
• Indicating potential risks related to the flow of intangible resources in the organization, in particular when a prominent node in the network is removed. Relations between these elements, their concentration (density), and prominence imply the efficiency of knowledge generation, knowledge and resource use, and task performance in an organization.
The primary research problem was formulated as a question: how can one identify an organization’s intangible resources and their relations in the information network, knowledge network, task network, and resource network? This gives rise to the following specific research questions:

How, in the light of network and management theories, should one develop a methodology for organizational intangible resource audit, bearing in mind the uniqueness both of the intangible resources and their relations, and of the organization itself?
What prerequisites should be met by an organization for intangible resource audit to be feasible and effective?
Can organizational intangible resource audit be considered a valuable management technique in the modern knowledge-based economy?
How can intangible resources be measured, evaluated, and included in audit planning and performance using the network-based view?
At the empirical stage of the study, more detailed research questions can be formulated, resulting from the use of ONA techniques.
How dense are the networks of intangible resource relations in the organization?
What is the level of network centralization, and knowledge and resource diversity in the organization?
What is the level of knowledge, resource, and task redundancy in the organization?
What are the correlations and causal relationships between information, knowledge, resource, and task networks?
Who provides information to whom in the information network?
Who receives information from whom in the information network?
Who discusses and solves complex work-related problems with whom?
Who knows what knowledge and skills other employees in the organization have?
Which nodes (actors, knowledge, resources, tasks) are the most prominent in the network?
Which actors have the highest work, knowledge, and resource loads?
What is the level of knowledge and resource needs congruence (match) and waste (mismatch) among employees?
What knowledge and skills do the organization’s employees have?
What knowledge and skills do the organization’s employees use?
Who has access to what resources at work?
Who uses what resources at work?
What tasks can each employee perform in the organization?
What tasks does each employee perform in the organization?
What knowledge and skills are critical for performing a given task?
What resources are critical for performing a given task?
How intangible resource (information and knowledge) networks change following the disappearance of a prominent node in the network?

Keywords: social network analysis, knowledge audit, intellectual capital audit, information audit, QAP, MRQAP, network theory, actor-network theory, intangible assets

Cognitione Foundation, 2021

The papers in this volume explore the links between entrepreneurial capabilities, cognition, and ... more The papers in this volume explore the links between entrepreneurial capabilities, cognition, and behaviors, adopting a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches. Mensah, Asamoah, and Saghedi perform extensive literature review regarding how cognitive skills and personal traits complement each other in affecting the entrepreneur’s decisions to discover or create opportunities in an uncertain environment. They contribute with an integrated approach to entrepreneurial choices, considering both cognitive and personal characteristics, as well as creation and discovery of opportunities. This conceptual basis for a comprehensive conditions in entrepreneurs choices has been specified in the form of propositions for future research.

Flechas, Kozesinski, and Camargo focus on capability perspective in entrepreneurial choices, in particular, on the role of absorptive capacity (AC) in new ventures. Using a systematic literature review, they identify links between AC and knowledge, innovation, and performance dimensions. The study proposes theoretical input to the knowledge on the role of absorptive capacity in the context of newly created companies, and thus it broadens the entrepreneurship and innovation research. It is also informative for the practice of innovation processes in new firm, identifying potential firm strategies in this area.

The paper by Kovanen explores collaborative approach in social entrepreneurship. A systematic literature review enabled knowledge accumulation and structuring the major theoretical approaches in the field. The author finds ambiguity in the construct of collaboration in social enterprise, and difficulties to measure this phenomenon. Besides the synthesis of the field, the study contributes with critical review of conceptual grounds of collaboration in social entrepreneurship.

Nuryakin broadens extant confirmatory studies on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It supports significance and positive relationships between the referred constructs in the context of furniture SMEs in central Java. Structural equation modeling enabled additional identification of the mediating effect from relational capabilities on the core relationship studied. Nuryakin expands the extant evidence on the strategic role of entrepreneurial orientation in business performance and strengthens theoretical generalization in this regard.

Doanh studies the entrepreneurial motivations and cognitions of Vietnamese students. The author investigates interrelations between self-efficacy, attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to run a business. Unlike the majority of extant research, this study finds entrepreneurial intention (EI) affected by subjective norms both directly and indirectly. Self-efficacy proved insignificant as moderator between subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. However, it performed this role between attitude towards entrepreneurship and EI. This study supports the theory of planned behavior by conforming and nuancing it in the context of Vietnamese would-be entrepreneurs.

Following the focus on entrepreneurial intention, Liu and Liang offer in-depth and qualitative investigation of EI’s antecedents with a focus on social entrepreneurial intention (SEI). Unlike the earlier referred studies, which adopted either literature reviews or quantitative approaches, this research uses the case study method. Based on a comprehensive theoretical framework of EI, entrepreneurial event theory and theory of planned behavior, the authors describe, illustrate and explain antecedents of SEI. The paper contributes with an analytical generalization and corroboration of the theoretical framework of SEI with two additional drivers of knowledge capital and work experience, as well as with related conceptual and practical implications.

Another qualitative and in-depth investigation of entrepreneurial motivations and attitudes is focused on specialty coffee businesses in Bangkok, Thailand, and Penang, Malaysia. Azavedo and Gogatz use explorative interviews and they report findings that challenge classical economics assumptions on income and profit maximization. Instead, they find lifestyle and professional passion as dominant motivations. The study supports the view on non-monetary motivations of entrepreneurs and offers theoretical redefinition of entrepreneurial passion as professional excellence or craft passion. Moreover, it is informative for policy-makers and educators.

This thematic issue also hosts two articles published based on the general call for papers. Although not directly linked with the major topics of the current volume, they are valuable for the understanding of entrepreneurship context. Rodríguez-Castro and Aparicio undertake the issue of measuring performance of higher education institutions. They adopt extensive literature review to identify the production models in higher education vis a vis related policy objectives. Moreover, the authors identify types of performance measures, however, they find the means of accomplishing objectives by universities largely underexplored. The paper contributes with the conceptual framework of evaluation functions and capabilities that might be relevant for educational policy and institutions of higher education. Pilelienė and Tamulienė investigate consumer choices, in particular the attitudes and behaviors towards organic products, as well as their determinants, in the context of the Lithuanian market. The research broadens the knowledge of consumer choices towards organic goods in the specific national context, and it shows discrepancy between the environmental awareness, the knowledge of qualities of organic products, and purchasing decisions. The results are informative both for business and consumer agents, as well as for policy-makers.

Industrial policy has been recently broadened by smart, place-based, bottomup, and micro-level ap... more Industrial policy has been recently broadened by smart, place-based, bottomup,
and micro-level approaches to industrial transformations towards
competitiveness. The contributions gathered in this volume combine these new
approaches with macroeconomic and international perspectives. Matching
these two aspects is necessary to meet the New Industrial Policy purpose and
specific objectives. Therefore, both dimensions need further investigation.
Below, we present the prospects for further research in the referred areas as
stemming from each part of the current volume.
In the first part, we find a number of thematic areas and methodologies
proposed for the future investigation of local, regional, and international
development policies. In the area of policy evaluation, Wojnicka-Sycz
(2020) recommends the extension from the ultimate GDP outcomes towards
the intermediate effects of smart specializations, i.e. R&D and innovation
performance. Moreover, she seeks international comparisons of these effects,
particularly in other EU countries. In depth, regional-level data are also needed
to investigate more precisely the industrial scope of smart specializations.
On-going evaluations focus largely on the implementation phase and the
indirect, mediating effects of industrial strategies. In this vein, Kachniewska
(2020) proposes further important research in the implementation strategies
and methodologies towards smart mobility in medium cities. Widera (2020)
sets out an interesting research perspective on internal regional dynamics and
growth distribution, to identify functional areas and regional growth poles.
The international context of structural economic changes and industrial
growth has been the focus of Godlewska-Dzioboń (2020) and Czech (2020).
After evaluating sectoral structural dynamics, Godlewska-Dzioboń (2020)
recommends the performance assessment of individual economic sectors in
Central and Eastern European countries, as well as the causes of long-term
employment dynamics in these settings. Czech (2020) calls for further studies
on risk management in globalized economic exchange. This recommendationis compelling, even in the case of localized industries such as clusters, since
they are also inserted in global value chains.
In order to plan for industrial transformation and competitiveness, it is
necessary to investigate further the micro-level transitions in management
and business studies. Thus, the second part also sets out the agenda for
future research, particularly in the area of matching employee competences,
management methods, and digital technologies.
The chapter by Potoczek (2020) forms a basis for further specification
of research questions and systematic literature reviews in business process
management. Another research direction might be practically oriented
studies that more tightly integrate management methods with 4.0 tools
in organizational processes. The chapter by Igielski (2020) calls for the
replication of the performed research on a random sample to enable robust
generalization as to the development of employee competences towards digital
transformations. The study by Flak (2020) reveals unique possibilities of
applying software solutions in tackling soft management issues, such as those
related to motivating people, recruitment or organizational culture diagnosis
and management. The contribution by Sztorc (2020) encourages further indepth
studies on the causes and outcomes of particular lean management tools
for economic performance in the hotel industry.
Career orientation of students as future employees was explored by
Mazurkiewicz (2020) in the context of national cultures. According to the
author, it would be relevant to expand the research to a larger research
sample, diverse regional settings, and to acknowledge a wider range of factors
influencing student career orientation. The interesting findings of Kowalik
(2020) about students’ perceptions of economic benefits from participation in
scientific projects might be further explored with a large and random sample,
to guide both students and policy makers in the area of R&D.
The design and implementation of industrial policies can only be
successful with the comprehensive participation of stakeholders. Therefore,
governing interests and networks is a prospective and fruitful area for further
studies, as highlighted in the third part of this volume.
Lis (2020) proposes future research to identify relationships among
motivation, efficiency and commitment in networking, with the use
of quantitative studies and a representative, random group of business
environment organizations. Similarly, based on the results of his explorative
study of a local government’s networking, Flieger (2020) intends to apply
a quantitative measurement of local government networks and hypotheses
testing. With reference to both studies, we would also recommend the
investigation of how different levels of collaborations in clusters, technology parks, and local governments translate into the performance of the enterprises
and public organizations involved.
Synthesizing his research on CSR practices in European companies,
Kowalczyk (2020) proposes the continuation of the investigations to explore
the relationships between these practices and enterprise performance as well
as national cultures. The recommendations to check causalities between
sustainable growth practices and enterprise performance might also be relevant
as a follow-up of the study in the food industry by Kurzak-Mabrouk (2020).
A prospective avenue for future studies would be to test empirically the author’s
model of implementing sustainable growth in relation to economic outcomes.
This chapter has systemized the major characteristics of New Industrial
Policy, pointing to its theoretical foundations, distinct nature, and major research
areas. Ultimately, it has discussed the contributions from the chapters in this
volume, both to their specific research areas and to the on-going challenges
of industrial policy. We are in the emerging but rapidly growing phase of
revitalizing industrial policy, where research has to accelerate to come up with
empirical advancement. Even more importantly, we expect this research to
demonstrate explanatory and predictive capacity, thus enhancing practice. We
believe that this volume provides relevant support to these on-going efforts.

Organizations in the 20th century were oriented towards creating a sustainable competitive advantage based on key competences that ensured a stable growth in market share. Contemporary 21st-century organizations have understood that gaining a competitive advantage results from competences that allow them to succeed in new fields and quickly reconfigure business models. Every company should know the competences that will enable it to use opportunities, differentiate itself from other market players and implement its own development strategies. The diverse research issues in the collected articles allow you to build and assess a broad perspective of the opportunities that companies use in the market and the various competence gaps that deprive them of these opportunities.

Taylor & Francis Group, Routledge, 2020

Preview - Prof. Kathleen R. Carley (Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA The saying it... more Preview - Prof. Kathleen R. Carley (Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

The saying it is not who you know, but what who you know speaks to the power of intangible resources. This work goes a step further by also showing the power of what who you know does and what resources they have at their disposal. I have long espoused the value of these high dimensional or meta-networks and their dynamics for understanding real-world issues. These ideas are operationalized in a sophisticated toolkit for high-dimension network analysis, visualization, and what-if analysis referred to as ORA. I teach ORA and this approach at Carnegie Mellon University during the CASOS Summer Institute (SI). This is how I met Anna. She was a participant in 2015. She instantly grasped the power of this approach and its value for understanding organizations. This book came out of that beginning. In this book, Organizational Network Analysis: Auditing Intangible Resources , Anna goes far beyond the basic methodologies. She situates this approach by building on the theories that underlie team science and resource management. She empirically grounds this approach and builds relevance through numerous real-world examples. In these examples, she shows in detail how to apply dynamic meta-networks to realworld organizations and describes what new insights this application brings to our understanding of the organization at work. She helps the reader understand how network forces impact performance at all levels and across humans and intangible resources. It has long been recognized that informal networks of who talks to whom are key to promotion, to how things get done, and to organizational gaps. This book is unique in that it goes several steps further and builds on the networks connecting people, resources, knowledge, and tasks to each other. This broader perspective is critical for understanding the organization at work. Using this perspective one can measure and reason about policies for effecting organizational needs such as workload distribution, congruence, team stability, and just-in-time teaming. Illustrative examples show how this meta-network approach enables corporate leaders to manage intangible resources as they hire new personnel, reorganize, and build connections among groups. Going still another step the author shows how the application of dynamic network analysis provides the manager or researcher with a merged picture of the fl ow of information and knowledge through the organization. Anna has moved organizational network analysis beyond simple assessment of informal networks into the realm of high-dimensional (meta-network) and dynamic network analytics. As such she is able to provide a sophisticated, usable, and practical approach to auditing intangible resources. The universality of the approach means that the metrics and processes are relevant to any organization or group, even one composed of humans and robots. Scientists and practitioners will fi nd this book of value – as it contains both methodological contributions and detailed practical applications. It provides a promising and systematic data-driven approach for addressing the challenges of identifi cation, measurement, and evaluation of organizational resources. The methods used are sophisticated, but easily understood and employed by doctoral students and MBAs. The approach is scalable and can be used both at the small team level such as a group of fi ve to coordination across the entire space of GitHub. All in all, this is a key contribution to team science. Earl Nightingale once said, “All you need is the plan, the roadmap, and the courage to press on to your destination.” In this book, Anna has given organizational scholars and practitioners the roadmap. Enjoy. Dr. Kathleen M. Carley Prof. of Societal Computing Director of the Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS) at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh. August, 2019

Key words:
ORA, UCINET, network theory, activity theory, organizational network analysis, congruence, audit, knowledge audit, information audit, intellectual capital audit, intangible resources, knowledge network, information network, task network, resource network, actor-network theory, RBV, ICBV, KBV, business model, QAP, MRQAP, redundancy, centrality, two-mode, social capital, meta-matrix, social network, social network analysis, value creation, dynamic network analysis, knowledge management, diversity, node level, network level, knowledge map

Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2019

The essence of the functioning of any organization, whether commercial or non-profit, is to provi... more The essence of the functioning of any organization, whether commercial or non-profit, is to provide value to groups of recipients whose expectations undoubtedly change over time. Various competition mechanisms in the market apply to both business-oriented organizations and organizations operating in the sphere of public utilities. This monograph includes examples of the problems facing contemporary organizations, and at the same time provides evidence, confirmed by research results, that indicates the direction of current changes. The analysis of changes taking place in organizations was carried out in many dimensions. The content layout adopted in the monograph presents four research perspectives, where the subject of the research is the organization; the modern tools used in organization management, the impact of the market economy on organizations, and sectoral or industry aspects of the organization’s functioning. In the first chapter, four studies related to commercial and non-commercial organizations have been collated. Researchers of academic organizations who in order to meet the expectations of students increase their activity in the field of entrepreneurship and their support for the most talented students. Both examples show the need to conduct research, develop knowledge about own activities, and focus on the needs of the environment. Entrepreneurial universities are open to the implementation of joint ventures with entities in their environment, which affect the development of the university, its students, as well as the entities. Entrepreneurship, which is based on the ability to take advantage of market opportunities, also creates opportunities for developing the ability to flexibly shape and adapt programs, methods and operating principles to the growing expectations of their environment. The ability to develop your potential as well as the potential of your students plays a crucial role. In the pursuit of excellence, a strong focus should be placed on talented students and the development of all possible forms of support that could determine an output of graduates with particularly high development potential. In the research presented in this monograph, the authors compare the activity of universities in the USA, the Netherlands, and Poland in the area of talent development. The comparative analysis becomes a valuable source of indicating imperfections, but also examples of potential forms of positive activity in this area. Equally important in this part of the monograph is the research on the learning organization. Through a bibliometric analysis, the author identified the fields of research on the learning organization. In addition to research areas related to various dimensions, primarily human, cultural and managerial, the types of organizations in which such research is most often conducted have been indicated. They also include the organizations of the two sectors presented: education and healthcare. The same part of the monograph also presents the results of research in the hotel sector, where the main research problem was the creation of customer value, taking into account the conditions stimulating the dynamics of the business models of hotel enterprises. Referring to business models was considered important because of the significance of decision-making patterns that help to build a competitive advantage and achieve market success by creating value for customers. The concept of creating value for customers is currently treated in cross-sectoral or industry categories and is a universal approach to managing organizations. The second chapter of the monograph presents research on the modern tools used in organization management. Concepts such as work–life balance, shaping the innovation process within the framework of decisions taken in the process, marketing communication, or the use of gamification in research and development, are examples of a wide range of relationships between today’s organization and its surroundings. Finding employees, and retaining them, is also a growing challenge in developing countries, where labor supply is steadily decreasing. The expectations of employees are increasing, especially in relation to respecting the personal, non-professional side of life. Thus, it should be recognized that research on work–life balance is a developing space for organization and management researchers. Modeling the innovation process in an organization is another research trend that is important today, especially in terms of developing competitiveness. Decision-making is one of the key components of the innovation process. This aspect, in qualitative terms, was presented in the next study in the second part of the monograph. Similarly, marketing communication is invariably an important area of research in organizations, which has evolved due to rapidly developing information technologies and, at the same time, the changing preferences of users of these technologies. The last study in this second part of the monograph relates to innovation and the use of computer games. The tools of gamification are used to shape the attitudes of individual energy consumers. The observations presented show that it is worth making attempts to use unconventional methods and tools, in this case, to develop customer knowledge and strengthen the behaviors desired in the energy market. The third chapter of the monograph is devoted to the financial aspects of the functioning of commercial and non-profit organizations in a market economy. Increasing the efficiency of public entities, specifically conditioned in economic policies and dependent on political decisions, has been the subject of numerous studies. The research study presented in the monograph refers to the relationship between financial strategies and profit management in public industrial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. It is worth noting that no research in this field has been conducted to date in the context of the Polish capital market. The next study refers to the French market. Its purpose was to evaluate and test long-term memory in the French stock exchanges. Research results contribute significantly to explaining the lack of consensus regarding long memory in stock returns. The research covers a significant, 25-year period of operation of the Euronext platform during which 6634 observations were provided. The conclusions of the study may be particularly important for regulators and risk managers. Another study presents the results of bankruptcy risk tests for Polish and Czech logistics companies using a comprehensive classification approach. As a result of the research, a tool for risk assessment and forecasting was developed, enabling the early prediction of bankruptcy of enterprises. At the end of the third chapter of the monograph, the results of health expenditure analysis based on information provided by the Health Account System are presented. Particular attention has been focused on the programming sources of financing healthcare in new European Union countries. Socio-technical and environmental aspects of the organization are the subject of interest of researchers presenting the results of their research in the fourth chapter of the monograph. The problems of economic migration and working conditions have been the subject of interest for many years in the strongly developing trend of labor market research. The research results contained in the study relate primarily to the issues of occupational safety of Ukrainians employed in Poland. These issues are gaining importance, especially when the number of people migrating from Ukraine to Poland in search of work has been growing for several years. In the face of such a large scale of Ukrainian immigrants employed in Polish enterprises, there is still a lack of regulations protecting or securing the interests of employees and employers. The next research presentation highlights the problems of the “circular economy,” which, according to the author, is developing too slowly in Poland. The research is valuable for systematizing the idea of a circular economy based on the theoretical and practical aspects of this phenomenon. The results of the analysis are also of practical importance for the process of modeling and implementing this idea in Poland. Further, the innovation paradigm of economic health and the prosperity of society is the subject of the research carried out, based on a review of the health economy considering innovation and its impact on population growth and prosperity in the world. The research particularly highlights the consequences of socio-demographic, environmental and business changes in the field of consumer goods. The socio-technical, as well as the environmental, aspects of the organization are also included in the last study presented. The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes of IT employees in the Polish ITC sector towards remote work. Since the effective and efficient collaboration of distributed employees performing remote work has become even more necessary for the success of projects, numerous research works are being conducted focusing on the consequences of remote work. The presented research results are an important contribution to the discussion of researchers and management practitioners. By publishing this monograph, which covers a wide spectrum of research problems in contemporary commercial and non-profit organizations, the editors and authors presenting the results of their research express a hope that they are contributing to the widespread dissemination and enrichment of knowledge and, consequently, socio-economic development.

The inspiration for this monograph is the progress in information and IT technologies observed ov... more The inspiration for this monograph is the progress in information and IT technologies observed over several decades and the accompanying development of digital competences. The collected results of the research work are grouped into three distinct chapters, which, at the same time, have a common denominator in research perspectives. Network-based economy, innovation-based economy, and competence-based economy are primarily analyzed in relation to technological changes in the ICT area. Each of these perspectives ultimately leads towards Economy 4.0 due to the progressing digital revolution, called the fourth industrial revolution. The contemporary importance of networks, innovations and managerial competences in the economy is analyzed primarily in connection with technological progress. The issue of networks in economic life has been developing for over 30 years. The role of the network in achieving a competitive advantage is unquestioned, while research issues are still being developed. This technological perspective is the most important context for network research today. Contemporary business models are developed based on a skillfully built inter-organizational network and a consciously used intra-organizational network. This applies to both commercial organizations and public entities. These issues are reflected in articles contained in this monograph, in particular in the first chapter. Various research conducted in organizations proves the increasing awareness of the importance of social life by managers and leaders, as well as the increase in the ability to build networks using information and ICT. Research on networks, which allows an understanding of the phenomenon of network formation, leads to the creation of methods and tools supporting network management. Modern network researchers, especially in the field of management sciences, point out that understanding the nature of the network and the possibilities of interacting with the network will determine the competitive position of the organization. This awareness and the complexity of the network are a constant motivation to develop knowledge and use its application character. The concept of an innovation-based economy is included in the second chapter and is also related to technological progress in the field of communication. The studies presented relate to the degree of innovation, skillful differentiation of innovation and imitation, the effectiveness of project financing, and the implementation of innovation. An important contribution to building knowledge on innovation comes from research conducted in individual sectors or regions, where a new, important perspective is gained, and specific, sometimes unique determinants of creating innovation are pointed out. References to regional and sectoral conditions can be found in individual subchapters. The research conclusions drawn have a cognitive and practical value for both researchers and management practitioners. In the third chapter of the monograph, studies that make an important contribution to building or verifying knowledge about the competence-based economy are grouped together. The research refers to the most important management problems and barriers to the development of organizations related to employees’ competences. Reference was made to many research currents in management, e.g. to empower employees, build the image of the employer, and the concept of sustainable development. Due to their long history of development, they would seem to be running out, while researchers prove that in contemporary commercial and non-commercial organizations deficits in managerial competencies are still identified. This applies to both human management and technical competences, especially digital. Therefore, research indicating the reasons for a lack of competence, in an era of strong popularization of these issues, seems to be interesting. The purpose of this monograph was to present current research results and their importance in developing knowledge about the economy based on networks, innovations, and competences. A lot of research was conducted from the perspective of changes in technological progress and the challenges of Economy 4.0. The new possibilities brought by the digital revolution in the field of building and managing networks and developing network-based business models cannot be underestimated. It should be expected that future innovations will be developed mainly thanks to digital progress and will be determined by the digital competences of managers and leaders. Modern research also shows that new generations of employees will compete primarily in the use of modern technological solutions such as data acquisition and processing, analyzes and simulations on large data sets (big data, science data), automation and robotization of production processes, software integration, cloud solutions, and especially the increasingly comprehensive use of the Internet. The importance of scientific research for learning about future phenomena, understanding and taming the future is invaluable. The authors and editors of the book express the hope that the research results presented in it will become an inspiration for new scientific explorations and the implementation of changes in organizations and economics.

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2017

Książka podzielona jest na pięć rozdziałów. Układ treści został podporządkowany podejściu sieciow... more Książka podzielona jest na pięć rozdziałów. Układ treści został podporządkowany podejściu sieciowemu, zasobom niematerialnym oraz koncepcji audytu organizacyjnych zasobów niematerialnych. Pierwsze dwa rozdziały mają charakter teoretyczny. W rozdziale pierwszym omówiono teoretyczne ujęcia sieci w kontekście organizacyjnym, w tym założenia teorii sieci, teorii aktora-sieci oraz teorii działalności. Wybór tych teorii podyktowany był przedmiotem badań, którymi są zasoby niematerialne organizacji oraz proces audytowania tych zasobów. Stąd nawiązanie również do teoretycznych podejść opartych na zasobach. Zasoby niematerialne są analizowane w tej książce za pomocą analizy sieci organizacyjnej, która została tutaj szczególnie wyeksponowana. Omówiono również analizę sieci społecznej oraz dynamicznej. Rozdział drugi ma charakter koncepcyjny. Autorka podjęła próbę opracowania meta-modelu audytu organizacyjnych zasobów niematerialnych, powstałego na bazie już istniejących koncepcji audytu informacji, wiedzy i kapitału intelektualnego. Ważnym elementem wypracowanego meta-modelu są sieciowe mierniki wykorzystane w audycie zasobów niematerialnych. W metodycznej części badań własnych omówiono przedmiot, pytania i cele badawcze. Przedstawiono kompleksową metodykę badań ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem większej liczby przypadków do badań w przyszłości, które uprawniałyby badacza do empirycznej weryfikacji metodyki audytu zasobów niematerialnych. W ramach wybranego studium przypadku wskazano jedynie na możliwą egzemplifikację hipotez sformułowanych w oparciu o rozumowanie abdukcyjne, aby zobrazować podstawowe narzędzia badań sieciowych, jednak z uwzględnieniem celów i zakresu audytu zasobów niematerialnych badanej firmy. Hipotezy nie dotyczą weryfikacji metodyki audytu zasobów niematerialnych, odnoszą się do procesu badawczego o podłożu społecznym, którego przedmiotem są zasoby niematerialne i ich wykorzystanie. Metody badawcze podzielono na jakościowe, ilościowe oraz sieciowe. Te ostatnie wymagają nieco innego podejścia. Część empiryczna odnosi się do wyników oraz wniosków z audytu organizacyjnych zasobów niematerialnych. Wyniki podzielono ze względu na wielopoziomowe ujęcie sieci (cała sieć, diady, węzły). Zaakcentowano też zmiany pozycji aktorów w sieci informacji i wiedzy, co stanowi element symulacji sieci i jej dynamicznego ujęcia. Zaprezentowano też zmiany w wykorzystanych miernikach po usunięciu prominentnych węzłów (wiedzy, zadań i zasobów). Zaprezentowano wnioski odnoszące się do powstałej koncepcji metodyki audytu zasobów niematerialnych oraz jego egzemplifikacji w oparciu o wybrane studium przypadku. Autorka wyraża nadzieję, że opracowanie nowej metodyki audytu organizacyjnych zasobów niematerialnych, uporządkowanie teoretycznych aspektów dotyczących poszczególnych audytów, ich definicji, różnic czy podejść do identyfikowania i analizowania zasobów niematerialnych stanie się cennym wkładem poznawczym zarówno na polskim rynku wydawniczym, jak i anglojęzycznym.

We are happy to present the next volume of this regularly published scientific monog... more We are happy to present the next volume of this regularly published
scientific monograph. The 13th volume brings an analysis of current phenomena
and processes taking place in business and non-profit organizations. It points
at new conditions in which organizations are established and then function. It
also provides an attempt at explaining what determines the way organizations
function in a dynamic market. The book also analyzes strategies applied by the
surveyed organizations in order to achieve and maintain competitive advantage
in the world of increased competition and growing customers’ demands. The
book is divided into the following thematic sections which constitute the
construction base of this monograph: business and non-profit organizations as
the object of research, modern tools for business and non-profit organizations
management, business and non-profit organizations – global and regional
aspects, and finally financial aspects of organizational management.
In the first section, the authors analyze the issue of communication of nonprofit organizations with their stakeholders. This part presents the addressees
of promotional activities, forms of contacting various groups of interest as well
as instruments and scope of marketing communication activities undertaken
by organizations. They examine transformation and development of culture in
the context of virtual organizations, social engagement undestood as a source
— 8 —
of innovativeness, or work quality in the context of a resource theory of an
enterprise. The next part, devoted to tools used by organizations, proposes an
interesting theory of the so-called competitiveness integrated model, and the
current status of research of the company competitiveness barometer, definition
and algorithms for estimating the determinant of enterprise competitiveness.
Moreover, it brings an analysis of the implementation of the early warning
system in an organization, stakeholders’ management and the implementation
of the concept of new public management aimed at increasing social
expectations as exemplified by the strategy of human resources management
of the civil service and other internal documents. The third section brings
considerations of global and regional aspects of organization’s functions. It
analyzes, among other aspects, such issues as: the impact of Polish national
parks on their respective communes’ own revenue, possibilities of using
public relations instruments by a public organization, identification of the
main trends related to the small services eneterprises or problems of tourism
in terms of its relationship with the social as well as culturalenvironment.
The final section of the monograph presents financial aspects related to
organizational management. We would like to draw your attention to an article
on the event study and its application in research on corporate debt market. The
empirical part of this article brings an analysis of how prices of instruments
quoted on Polish Catalyst market react to selected events concerning the
economic situation of the issuing company. The reader should also find it
interesting to read about the development of SMEs in Polish economy during
the slow-down period.
We would like to thank all the authors for very interesting articles and
their contribution to this edition. We also thank the reviewers for their valuable
and insightful comments. We hope that the texts included in this volume will
arouse readers’, scientists’ and practitioners’ curiosity.

"The monograph focuses attention on the description and analysis of new phenomena and processes... more "The monograph focuses attention on the description and analysis
of new phenomena and processes for commercial and non-commercial
organizations. Valid conditions are pointed out for the functioning of both
commercial and non-commercial organizations and an attempt is made to
explain their impact on these organizations. The analysis also examines
the strategies used by organizations in the face of fierce competition
and increasing consumer demands in their effort to gain and maintain
a competitive edge.
This case study below is segmented into four areas of interest:
• commercial and non-commercial organizations as an object of research,
• commercial and non-commercial organizations in a market economy,
• modern tools for managing commercial and non-commercial
organizations
• commercial and non-commercial organizations - global and regional
aspects
The first section contains a discussion of management science as
a starting point for this study as well as contemporary issues: the use of
a gender ratio index in the implementation of an equal opportunities policy
in the enterprises as well as prosumer behavior in creating brand image.
Also research problems have been addressed connected with multiparty
negotiations. The chapter ends with a discussion of socially responsible
innovation from the perspective of the theory of transaction costs and
factors accounting for customer satisfaction with services.
Part two begins with an article on product innovativeness in processes
of a mature non-profit organization selected as a case study from local
government. It is demonstrated how commercial and non-commercial
organizations are managing in a market economy. Hence the article
concerns the new model of competition and the impact of social media
on the effectiveness of measures undertaken by interactive television, an
analysis of the absorption capacity of schools, the level of unemployment
and the structure of higher education in Poland.
Subsequently the third part contains articles on the topic of modern tools
utilized in the management of organizations. From here the chapter goes to
an analysis of trust management of an intraorganizational dimension, the
concept of knowledge management and the system of utilizing experience in
a military organization for example, as well as results obtained from the use
of European Intellectual Capital Statement tool to evaluate the intellectual
capital of companies operating in the made-to-measure industry. Also
shown are several new findings in the field of planning marketing strategies
in non-profit organizations, and concepts of employee share options.Subsequently the third part contains articles on the topic of modern tools
utilized in the management of organizations. From here the chapter goes to
an analysis of trust management of an intraorganizational dimension, the
concept of knowledge management and the system of utilizing experience in
a military organization for example, as well as results obtained from the use
of European Intellectual Capital Statement tool to evaluate the intellectual
capital of companies operating in the made-to-measure industry. Also
shown are several new findings in the field of planning marketing strategies
in non-profit organizations, and concepts of employee share options.
The last part is devoted to the global and regional aspects of an
organization, which addresses the problems of local governments as
regulators of water and sewage disposal services, fees for entrepreneurs
for the commercial use of the environment, as well as image and social
communication for national parks. Globally speaking all these aspects are
connected with the modern crisis, how the banks are dealing with it and
how the process of establishing fines for members of the cartel in the EU
pans out. "

WSB-NLU, Nowy Sącz, 2004

Książka składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej mieszczą się rozważania teoretyczne z obszaru eduk... more Książka składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej mieszczą się rozważania teoretyczne z obszaru edukacji menedżerskiej i próby odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak kształcić studentów - przyszłych menedżerów, przywódców, pracowników dowolnej firmy, aby byli otwarci na nowe możliwości, swobodnie poszukiwali pomysłów, tworzyli koncepcje innowacyjnych produktów czy usług w oparciu o istniejące metody, techniki heurystyczne oraz różne zabiegi inwentyczne (Rozdziały 1 i 2). W Rozdziale 3 zawarłam rozważania na temat, jak powstaje nowa wiedza i innowacje w organi-zacyjnych warunkach. Obszar tematyczny pierwszej części tej książki opiera się w głównej mierze na zdolnościach twórczych w rozumieniu E. Nęcka,
a więc: dokonywaniu skojarzeń, transformowaniu, myśleniu przez analogie
i myśleniu metaforycznym, które omawiam w kolejnych rozdziałach. I tak dokonywanie skojarzeń (Rozdział 4 i 5) z powodzeniem można wykorzystać w reklamie i poszukiwaniu pomysłów na innowacje produktowe
z wykorzystaniem umiejętności tworzenia tzw. odległych skojarzeń (bisocjacji i trysocjacji). Transformowanie (Rozdział 6) przedstawiam w kontekście tworzenia nowych, udoskonalonych produktów oraz koncepcji wyróżniających się na rynku usług. Z kolei przedmiotem rozważań Rozdziału 7 jest myślenie przez analogie, które możemy wykorzystywać w rozwią-zywaniu trudnych dla nas problemów oraz tworzenie metafor (myślenie metaforyczne) i ich wykorzystanie w reklamie prasowej.
Natomiast druga część w całości poświecona jest nieograniczonej pomy-słowości i wyobraźni studentów, o czym co roku mam przyjemność się przekonać. W efekcie w tej części znalazły się prace studentów, które mam nadzieję zainteresują czytelnika. Część praktyczna oparta jest na zaga-dnieniach poruszanych w części teoretycznej (prócz sonetów, które są integralną częścią wykładów z Inwentyki).
W pracy poruszam zarówno kwestie myślenia twórczego, jak i myślenia krytycznego, które wzajemnie się uzupełniają. Zwracam również uwagę,
iż pomysł czy koncepcja nie wystarczy, dodatkowo należy nabyć umiejętność oceny wytworzonych pomysłów pod względem realności, racjonalności czy samej innowacyjności ewentualnej konstrukcji danego produktu (usługi). Uważam, iż dobrą formą rozwijania myślenia krytycznego jest próba dokonywania przez studentów samoanalizy oraz oceny retrospektywnej wytworzonych przez nich pomysłów.
Książka przeznaczona jest dla studentów studiów ekonomicznych, kadry dydaktycznej, jak również dla pracowników i menedżerów dowolnych przedsiębiorstw, którzy pragną zapoznać się z istotą i znaczeniem kształcenia dla innowacyjności potencjalnych pracowników dowolnego przedsiębiorstwa, ze sposobami tworzenia pomysłów na dowolny produkt, usługę bądź udoskonalenia już istniejących. Warto sięgnąć po tę pozycję, w której czytelnik znajdzie wiele praktycznych przykładów z obszaru tworzenia koncepcji innowacyjnych produktów oraz usług.