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Papers by Susana Sainz-Trápaga

Research paper thumbnail of Three-Dimensional Velocity Field and Cross-Frontal Water Exchange in the Kuroshio Extension

Journal of Oceanography, 2000

A spread of warm water from the first crest of the Kuroshio Extension is periodically enhanced by... more A spread of warm water from the first crest of the Kuroshio Extension is periodically enhanced by northward warm water intrusions from the main current. The water type in the spread area was previously found to be the same as that in the Kuroshio front at depth. In looking for the possible mechanism responsible for the northward warm water intrusions,

Research paper thumbnail of Spreading of warm water from the Kuroshio Extension into the Perturbed Area

Journal of Oceanography, 1998

The path of the Kuroshio Extension describes two stationary meanders with crests at approximately... more The path of the Kuroshio Extension describes two stationary meanders with crests at approximately 144°E and 150°E. The short-term meridional fluctuations of the warm water spreading northward from the first crest at the surface and its vertical structure were analyzed by using 5-day-mean surface temperature maps published by JAFIC, monthly 100-m-depth temperature maps edited by the JMA, and CTD data obtained by the R.Vs. -Maru cruises from 1990 to 1994. A Northern Boundary of the Spread Kuroshio Water (NBSKW) and a Southern Boundary of the Spread Kuroshio Water (SBSKW) at the surface were defined as the northern and southern boundary of the pronounced meridional temperature gradients, respectively. The vertical structure of the Spread Kuroshio Water was analyzed in terms of its T-S properties. The location of the NBSKW at the surface corresponds well with the northern boundary of the subsurface high salinity water that represents the Spread Kuroshio Water. The short-term meridional fluctuations of the northern and southern boundary of the Spread Kuroshio Water at the surface were studied through the spectral analysis of the maximum latitude of the two lines defined. We obtained the following results: (1) the meridional fluctuations of the NBSKW and SBSKW at the first crest have major periods between 16 and 38 days; (2) the 50 day running mean of the SBSKW at the first crest, for the purpose of this study, can be generally used as indicative of the location of the Kuroshio axis; and (3) the northward extent of the Spread Kuroshio Water and the velocity of the meridional shift suggest seasonal variability that could be related with their vertical structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of the Kuroshio Extension, its bifurcation and northern branch from altimetry and hydrographic data during October 1992-August 1999: Spatial and temporal variability

Geophysical Research Letters, 2001

A methodology is proposed using altimterderived upper layer thickness and baroclinic transpor• to... more A methodology is proposed using altimterderived upper layer thickness and baroclinic transpor• to identify the Kuroshio Extension, the Bifurcation Point and the Northern Branch, by combining TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter and climatological data within a two-layer reduced gravity model. Results obtained from the Japanese coast to 175øW show that the location of the Bifurcation Point presents interannual variability that is related with upstream conditions. The longitude of the Bifurcation Point ranged from 147 to 160øE. Estimates of baroclinic transport at the Kuroshio Extension and its Northern Branch decrease steadily to the east trough the region of study from 35 to 11 and from 10 to 3 Sv, respectively. 1. Introduction The Kuroshio Extension (KE) separates from the Japanese coast near 35øN becoming then a meandering eastward current. Kawai (1972) and Mizuno and White (1983) showed by different methods the presence of two quasi-stationary meanders with crests at 144øE (FC) and 150øE (Figure 1). The horizontal distribution of the mean dynamic height (Wyrtki, 1975 and Teague et al., 1990), the mean sea surface height (Qiu et al., 1991; Qiu, 1995, 2000) and the mean temperature at 300 m depth (Mizuno and White, 1983) show a widening and weakening of the current to the east of these meanders. These and other hydrodynamic modifications along its course are linked to the main bathymetric features encountered by the KE while flowing to the east, the Shatsky Rise (SR) and the Emperor Sea Mounts (ESM) (Bernstein and White, 1981; Levine and White, 1983; Roden et al., 1982; Mizuno and White, 1983; Qiu et al., 1991; and Qiu, 1995). The KE usually bifurcates between 150 and 165øE (Mizuno and White, 1983). The main current flows eastward and can be easily recognized

Research paper thumbnail of The co-management of the sand eel fishery of Catalonia (NW Mediterranean): the story of a process

Scientia Marina, 2014

A management plan for the boat seines, called sonsera, used in Catalonia to target sand eels (Gym... more A management plan for the boat seines, called sonsera, used in Catalonia to target sand eels (Gymanammodytes cicerelus and G. semisquamatus) and transparent gobies was drawn up in accordance with European Union rules. A Sand Eel Co-Management Committee was formally created with the specific mission of ensuring a sustainable fishery. The Committee is composed of public administrations, fishermen's associations, researchers and NGOs. The process has two phases: first, a comprehensive study of the fishery and subsequent advice for the establishment of a management plan and, second, the implementation and monitoring of the management plan. The study of the fishery included the analysis of the ecosystem impacts of the fishery (mainly stock status, impact on sensitive habitats and by-catch) and was carried out in the wider context of an adaptive co-management process to respond to the requirements of an ecosystem approach to fisheries.

Research paper thumbnail of Electronic Tagging of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus, L.) Reveals Habitat Use and Behaviors in the Mediterranean Sea

PLOS ONE, 2015

We analyzed the movements of Atlantic tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) in the Mediterranean Sea using da... more We analyzed the movements of Atlantic tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) in the Mediterranean Sea using data from 2 archival tags and 37 pop-up satellite archival tags (PAT). Bluefin tuna ranging in size from 12 to 248 kg were tagged on board recreational boats in the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea between May and September during two different periods (2000 to 2001 and 2008 to 2012). Although tuna migrations between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean have been well reported, our results indicate that part of the bluefin tuna population remains in the Mediterranean basin for much of the year, revealing a more complex population structure. In this study we demonstrate links between the western Mediterranean, the Adriatic and the Gulf of Sidra (Libya) using over 4336 recorded days of location and behavior data from tagged bluefin tuna with a maximum track length of 394 days. We described the oceanographic preferences and horizontal behaviors during the spawning season for 4 adult bluefin tuna. We also analyzed the time series data that reveals the vertical behavior of one pop-up satellite tag recovered, which was attached to a 43.9 kg tuna. This fish displayed a unique diving pattern within 16 days of the spawning season, suggesting a use of the thermocline as a thermoregulatory mechanism compatible with spawning. The results obtained hereby confirm that the Mediterranean is clearly an important habitat for this species, not only as spawning ground, but also as an overwintering foraging ground.

Research paper thumbnail of Three-Dimensional Velocity Field and Cross-Frontal Water Exchange in the Kuroshio Extension

Journal of Oceanography, 2000

A spread of warm water from the first crest of the Kuroshio Extension is periodically enhanced by... more A spread of warm water from the first crest of the Kuroshio Extension is periodically enhanced by northward warm water intrusions from the main current. The water type in the spread area was previously found to be the same as that in the Kuroshio front at depth. In looking for the possible mechanism responsible for the northward warm water intrusions,

Research paper thumbnail of Spreading of warm water from the Kuroshio Extension into the Perturbed Area

Journal of Oceanography, 1998

The path of the Kuroshio Extension describes two stationary meanders with crests at approximately... more The path of the Kuroshio Extension describes two stationary meanders with crests at approximately 144°E and 150°E. The short-term meridional fluctuations of the warm water spreading northward from the first crest at the surface and its vertical structure were analyzed by using 5-day-mean surface temperature maps published by JAFIC, monthly 100-m-depth temperature maps edited by the JMA, and CTD data obtained by the R.Vs. -Maru cruises from 1990 to 1994. A Northern Boundary of the Spread Kuroshio Water (NBSKW) and a Southern Boundary of the Spread Kuroshio Water (SBSKW) at the surface were defined as the northern and southern boundary of the pronounced meridional temperature gradients, respectively. The vertical structure of the Spread Kuroshio Water was analyzed in terms of its T-S properties. The location of the NBSKW at the surface corresponds well with the northern boundary of the subsurface high salinity water that represents the Spread Kuroshio Water. The short-term meridional fluctuations of the northern and southern boundary of the Spread Kuroshio Water at the surface were studied through the spectral analysis of the maximum latitude of the two lines defined. We obtained the following results: (1) the meridional fluctuations of the NBSKW and SBSKW at the first crest have major periods between 16 and 38 days; (2) the 50 day running mean of the SBSKW at the first crest, for the purpose of this study, can be generally used as indicative of the location of the Kuroshio axis; and (3) the northward extent of the Spread Kuroshio Water and the velocity of the meridional shift suggest seasonal variability that could be related with their vertical structure.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of the Kuroshio Extension, its bifurcation and northern branch from altimetry and hydrographic data during October 1992-August 1999: Spatial and temporal variability

Geophysical Research Letters, 2001

A methodology is proposed using altimterderived upper layer thickness and baroclinic transpor• to... more A methodology is proposed using altimterderived upper layer thickness and baroclinic transpor• to identify the Kuroshio Extension, the Bifurcation Point and the Northern Branch, by combining TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter and climatological data within a two-layer reduced gravity model. Results obtained from the Japanese coast to 175øW show that the location of the Bifurcation Point presents interannual variability that is related with upstream conditions. The longitude of the Bifurcation Point ranged from 147 to 160øE. Estimates of baroclinic transport at the Kuroshio Extension and its Northern Branch decrease steadily to the east trough the region of study from 35 to 11 and from 10 to 3 Sv, respectively. 1. Introduction The Kuroshio Extension (KE) separates from the Japanese coast near 35øN becoming then a meandering eastward current. Kawai (1972) and Mizuno and White (1983) showed by different methods the presence of two quasi-stationary meanders with crests at 144øE (FC) and 150øE (Figure 1). The horizontal distribution of the mean dynamic height (Wyrtki, 1975 and Teague et al., 1990), the mean sea surface height (Qiu et al., 1991; Qiu, 1995, 2000) and the mean temperature at 300 m depth (Mizuno and White, 1983) show a widening and weakening of the current to the east of these meanders. These and other hydrodynamic modifications along its course are linked to the main bathymetric features encountered by the KE while flowing to the east, the Shatsky Rise (SR) and the Emperor Sea Mounts (ESM) (Bernstein and White, 1981; Levine and White, 1983; Roden et al., 1982; Mizuno and White, 1983; Qiu et al., 1991; and Qiu, 1995). The KE usually bifurcates between 150 and 165øE (Mizuno and White, 1983). The main current flows eastward and can be easily recognized

Research paper thumbnail of The co-management of the sand eel fishery of Catalonia (NW Mediterranean): the story of a process

Scientia Marina, 2014

A management plan for the boat seines, called sonsera, used in Catalonia to target sand eels (Gym... more A management plan for the boat seines, called sonsera, used in Catalonia to target sand eels (Gymanammodytes cicerelus and G. semisquamatus) and transparent gobies was drawn up in accordance with European Union rules. A Sand Eel Co-Management Committee was formally created with the specific mission of ensuring a sustainable fishery. The Committee is composed of public administrations, fishermen's associations, researchers and NGOs. The process has two phases: first, a comprehensive study of the fishery and subsequent advice for the establishment of a management plan and, second, the implementation and monitoring of the management plan. The study of the fishery included the analysis of the ecosystem impacts of the fishery (mainly stock status, impact on sensitive habitats and by-catch) and was carried out in the wider context of an adaptive co-management process to respond to the requirements of an ecosystem approach to fisheries.

Research paper thumbnail of Electronic Tagging of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus, L.) Reveals Habitat Use and Behaviors in the Mediterranean Sea

PLOS ONE, 2015

We analyzed the movements of Atlantic tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) in the Mediterranean Sea using da... more We analyzed the movements of Atlantic tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) in the Mediterranean Sea using data from 2 archival tags and 37 pop-up satellite archival tags (PAT). Bluefin tuna ranging in size from 12 to 248 kg were tagged on board recreational boats in the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea between May and September during two different periods (2000 to 2001 and 2008 to 2012). Although tuna migrations between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean have been well reported, our results indicate that part of the bluefin tuna population remains in the Mediterranean basin for much of the year, revealing a more complex population structure. In this study we demonstrate links between the western Mediterranean, the Adriatic and the Gulf of Sidra (Libya) using over 4336 recorded days of location and behavior data from tagged bluefin tuna with a maximum track length of 394 days. We described the oceanographic preferences and horizontal behaviors during the spawning season for 4 adult bluefin tuna. We also analyzed the time series data that reveals the vertical behavior of one pop-up satellite tag recovered, which was attached to a 43.9 kg tuna. This fish displayed a unique diving pattern within 16 days of the spawning season, suggesting a use of the thermocline as a thermoregulatory mechanism compatible with spawning. The results obtained hereby confirm that the Mediterranean is clearly an important habitat for this species, not only as spawning ground, but also as an overwintering foraging ground.