Yuliani Kusuma Putri | STBA YAPARI-ABA BANDUNG (original) (raw)

Papers by Yuliani Kusuma Putri

Jurnal Sosioteknologi

The book entitled "Pragmatics of Social Media" was edited by Christian Hoffmann and Wol... more The book entitled "Pragmatics of Social Media" was edited by Christian Hoffmann and Wolfram Bublitz and published in 2017. This book is the 11th volume of the “Handbooks of Pragmatics” book series which consists of 13 separate volumes, the entire volume of the book provides an ample overview of the field of language studies, especially about Pragmatics. This book, published for the first time in Germany, was published by the publisher De Gruyter Mouton. This book has 724 pages consisting of 5 (five) subjects, namely (1) The nature of social media, (2) Social media platforms, (3) Social media and discourse, (4) Social media and identity, and (5) Social media functions.

Abstract: In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their ... more Abstract: In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their daily lives. They have learnt English through video games even before they meet their English teachers for the first time in primary school. By the time they are adults, they have learnt a lot because of video games. Video games are also believed to be able to enhance students’ 21st century skills. EFL teachers need to improvise the teaching and learning activities by inserting video games in their classrooms not only to improve their students’ English ability, but also to enhance the students’ 21st century skills needed for the upcoming Asean Economic Community (AEC) in 2015. From this perspective, this paper is aimed to discuss the integration of video games in EFL classrooms for adults by EFL teachers in institutions, the guidelines regarding the practical use of this technology, and the 21st century skills that can be enhanced through the use of this technology. This paper is useful ...

Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics, 2019

Penelitian ini berjudul "Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram dalam Pembelajaran Kanji, melihat masi... more Penelitian ini berjudul "Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram dalam Pembelajaran Kanji, melihat masih banyak mahasiswa yang merasa kesulitan mempelajari kanji terutama dalam mengingat kanji yang disebabkan oleh beberapa hal berdasarkan observasi awal yakni kecilnya minat mahasiswa bahasa Jepang terhadap kanji dan banyak anggapan sulitnya mempelajari kanji. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa bahasa Jepang semester 5 yang secara aktif menggunakan Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode action research. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dari 435 mahasiswa yang memposting kanji melalui Instagram, sebagian besar menggunakan fitur-fitur yang ada di Instagram dan menyesuaikannya dengan kemampuan mereka mengingat kanji, seperti dengan asosiasi gambar, video yang menarik dan video urutan penulisan kanji.

EPIGRAM (e-journal)

Penelitian ini fokus pada pemeriksaan indeks kemiripan dari skripsi berbahasa Inggris dengan Turn... more Penelitian ini fokus pada pemeriksaan indeks kemiripan dari skripsi berbahasa Inggris dengan Turnitin. Tujuan dari penelitian yang fokus pada tulisan akademik mahasiswa adalah menghitung nilai rata-rata dan median dari persentase indeks kemiripan yang diidentifikasi oleh Turnitin; memeriksa sumber utama kemiripan yang ditemukan; dan mengidentifikasi bentuk kemiripan tersebut dari sumber utama tertinggi. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata dan median dari indeks kemiripan keduanya berada di bawah 30%; dan sumber utama kemiripan sebagian besar berasal dari situs web. Bentuk kemiripan tersebut adalah kalimat dan bahkan paragraf penuh. Kemiripan yang diidentifikasi Turnitin tidak dapat seluruhnya dikatakan sebagai aksi penjiplakan, karena Turnitin hanya menemukan sumber-sumber dari repositori digital yang terlihat serupa. Turnitin bermanfaat sebagai langkah awal untuk menjaga integritas akademik dalam...

Jurnal Bahasa dan Pariwisata, Oct 17, 2019

Artikel ini diajukan untuk memperkaya metode penelitian pada kajian pragmatis. Dengan memanfaatka... more Artikel ini diajukan untuk memperkaya metode penelitian pada kajian pragmatis. Dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi dan kemajuan komunikasi, netnopragmatik diajukan sebagai sebuah pendekatan dalam menganalisis penggunaan bahasa dalam komunitas daring. Komunitas pada media sosial seperti Facebook dan Twitter, serta pesan instan seperti Skype dan WhatsApp dapat dijadikan objek penelitian dalam kajian pragmatis. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya menghemat waktu, data yang diperoleh melalui pendekatan ini juga lebih alami dibandingkan dengan data yang diperoleh melalui simulasi dan DCT. Peneliti netnopragmatik dapat menganalisis interaksi pada komunitas daring yang dilakukan melalui komunikasi bermedia komputer. Cabang-cabang ilmu pragmatik seperti tindak tutur, implikatur, dan kesantunan dapat dikaji melalui komunikasi bermedia komputer.

This article is proposed to enrich research methods in the field of pragmatics. Taking advantage ... more This article is proposed to enrich research methods in the field of pragmatics. Taking advantage of the development of technology and the revolution of communication, netnopragmatics is proposed to be an approach to analysing the use of language in online communities. Communities in social media such as Facebook and Twitter, and instant messengers such as Skype and WhatsApp Messenger can be research objects for data collection in the study of pragmatics. Not only is this approach far-less time consuming, but the data collected using this approach is also more natural compared to role plays and DCTs. Netnopragmatics researchers are able to analyse interactions in online communities done via computer-mediated communication. Pragmatic subfields such as speech acts, implicatures, and politeness can be analysed through computer-mediated communication.

Keywords: Netnography, Pragmatics, Computer-Mediated Communication, Internet

This dissertation is entitled “Responses to Invitations by Indonesian Sundanese Speakers in Three... more This dissertation is entitled “Responses to Invitations by Indonesian Sundanese Speakers in Three Facebook Groups of Students from Three Different Academic Levels: A Pragmatic Study on Netnographic Data”. This research investigates the act of inviting in online communication pragmatically which focuses on (1) invitation process; (2) utterance structures and strategies of invitations; (3) responses to invitations; and (4) utterance structures and strategies of negotiations in the invitation process. The method used in this research is Internet ethnography or netnography, which adapts ethnographic research techniques into a study on online cultures and communities. This research shows that (1) invitations are divided into two types, unambiguous invitations and ambiguous invitations. Then, the invitation process begins with an initiating act consisting of an invitation or felicity conditions; followed by responses to the invitation involving negotiation; and ends with two kinds of final outcomes; they are one with an agreement and one without an agreement; (2) six invitation strategies are found in this research; they are (a) imperatives, (b) suggestory formulae, (c) willingness, (d) ability, (e) strong hints, and (f) mild hints. The mostly used invitation strategies in unambiguous invitations are suggestory formulae, willingness, and ability; whereas the mostly used invitation strategy in ambiguous invitations is imperatives. Then, the utterance structure from invitations mostly found in unambiguous invitations is interrogative; whilst there is a draw between declarative and interrogative in ambiguous invitations; (3) there are three kinds of responses to invitations; they are (a) acceptances, (b) partial refusals, and (c) full refusals; and finally (4) negotiations are used in response to both invitations and refusals to invitations, and nine types of negotiations are found; they are (a) recommendations, (b) commands, (c) commitments, (d) self-disclosures, (e) warnings, (f) positive normative appeals, (g) promises, (h) alternatives, and (i) notifications. The utterance structure of negotiation mostly found on the data is declarative. This research ascertains that data taken from online interactions is more natural than discourse completion task, questionnaires, and role-plays.

This thesis is entitled “Refusal Strategies in English Speech: a Pragmatic Study”. The objectives... more This thesis is entitled “Refusal Strategies in English Speech: a Pragmatic Study”. The objectives of this study are to find out and explain types of refusal classifications, refusal strategies, and refusal process. This study uses qualitative descriptive method; the researcher chooses document analysis research technique in analyzing the data. There are twenty three episodes of Ugly Betty serials the researcher uses to find the data. The researcher believes that the serials reflect the real lives of Americans. The researcher describes and analyzes utterances which are uttered by the characters from the serials based on the theories of Beebe et al. (1990) and Gass and Houck (1999). The analysis shows that all characters in Ugly Betty serials use more than one strategy in one refusal. The mostly used strategies are direct refusal, explanation/reason, and adjunct.

Abstract In order to gain understanding of the meaning of symbolic variants of the myth in Kampu... more Abstract
In order to gain understanding of the meaning of symbolic variants of the myth in Kampung Naga, an objective analysis is required. Therefore, this paper ap¬plied the linguistic model study offered by Levi-Strauss as a new step for the ob¬jectivity of myth interpretation. The basic assumption of Levi-Strauss’ linguistic model is that myth often display a diverse surface structure, but in fact the diver¬sity is the description of the human deep structure. The selection of this myth was solely based on the life of the Kampung Naga community as part of Sundanese Society. The results indicated that the myth in the religious life of the Kampung Naga community contains a various stories which include the revelation, the reincarnation, and the descent of revelation. These episodes can be constructed into the structure of a Levi-Strauss linguistic model, a binary opposition, namely the mandate giver (active) the mandate recipient (passive). The relationship be¬tween the giver and the receiver is vertical (structural) called “structure of three” (regular). From the “structure of three”, the “culinary triangle” can be construct¬ed. From the “combined triangle”, the Batara Guru will also appear to become a central event that other figures have to go through. Finally, it can be stated that the deep structure construction that still refers to the aspect of Javanese cosmol¬ogy in General.
Keywords: myths, Kampung Naga, Levi-Strauss linguistic model

These proceedings are a collection of papers presented at the 62 nd TEFLIN International Conferen... more These proceedings are a collection of papers presented at the 62 nd TEFLIN International Conference held in conjunction with the celebration of the 53 rd Dies Natalis of Udayana University held in Sanur Paradise Hotel from 14 th through 16 th September 2015. The theme of this year's conference is Teaching and Assessing L2 Learners in the 21 st Century. The papers were selected out of 503 papers presented covering issues of English-language teaching from the perspectives of (1) Language

FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG Jl. AH Nasution 105 Bandung (022)78107... more FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG Jl. AH Nasution 105 Bandung (022)7810790 Fax. 0227803936

In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their daily live... more In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their daily lives. They
have learnt English through video games even before they meet their English teachers for the first time in
primary school. By the time they are adults, they have learnt a lot because of video games. Video games are also
believed to be able to enhance students’ 21st century skills. EFL teachers need to improvise the teaching and
learning activities by inserting video games in their classrooms not only to improve their students’ English
ability, but also to enhance the students’ 21st century skills needed for the upcoming Asean Economic
Community (AEC) in 2015. From this perspective, this paper is aimed to discuss the integration of video games
in EFL classrooms for adults by EFL teachers in institutions, the guidelines regarding the practical use of this
technology, and the 21st century skills that can be enhanced through the use of this technology. This paper is
useful for EFL teachers to utilise video games for learning and to motivate students.

Artikel ini berjudul Beneficiary in Material Processes: a Syntactic Study. Penelitian ini mengkaj... more Artikel ini berjudul Beneficiary in Material Processes: a Syntactic Study. Penelitian ini mengkaji dua hal utama, yaitu: (1) Apakah frasa preposisional dengan kata to dan for dalam proses Material termasuk ke dalam Beneficiary, dan (2) Verba apa saja dalam proses Material yang dapat mengandung Beneficiary. Data dijaring dari sebuah video berbahasa Inggris. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Halliday tentang tata bahasa fungsional. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penulisan deskriptif, dengan jenis penelitian analisa dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua preposisi dengan kata to dan for dalam proses Material termasuk Beneficiary. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan memindahkan dan menghilangkan preposisi tersebut. Data dan hasil penelitian ini bersifat tentatif, karena sedikitnya sumber data. Data dan hasil penelitian ini dapat berubah di kemudian hari apabila ada penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai Beneficiary.

Jurnal Sosioteknologi

The book entitled "Pragmatics of Social Media" was edited by Christian Hoffmann and Wol... more The book entitled "Pragmatics of Social Media" was edited by Christian Hoffmann and Wolfram Bublitz and published in 2017. This book is the 11th volume of the “Handbooks of Pragmatics” book series which consists of 13 separate volumes, the entire volume of the book provides an ample overview of the field of language studies, especially about Pragmatics. This book, published for the first time in Germany, was published by the publisher De Gruyter Mouton. This book has 724 pages consisting of 5 (five) subjects, namely (1) The nature of social media, (2) Social media platforms, (3) Social media and discourse, (4) Social media and identity, and (5) Social media functions.

Abstract: In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their ... more Abstract: In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their daily lives. They have learnt English through video games even before they meet their English teachers for the first time in primary school. By the time they are adults, they have learnt a lot because of video games. Video games are also believed to be able to enhance students’ 21st century skills. EFL teachers need to improvise the teaching and learning activities by inserting video games in their classrooms not only to improve their students’ English ability, but also to enhance the students’ 21st century skills needed for the upcoming Asean Economic Community (AEC) in 2015. From this perspective, this paper is aimed to discuss the integration of video games in EFL classrooms for adults by EFL teachers in institutions, the guidelines regarding the practical use of this technology, and the 21st century skills that can be enhanced through the use of this technology. This paper is useful ...

Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics, 2019

Penelitian ini berjudul "Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram dalam Pembelajaran Kanji, melihat masi... more Penelitian ini berjudul "Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram dalam Pembelajaran Kanji, melihat masih banyak mahasiswa yang merasa kesulitan mempelajari kanji terutama dalam mengingat kanji yang disebabkan oleh beberapa hal berdasarkan observasi awal yakni kecilnya minat mahasiswa bahasa Jepang terhadap kanji dan banyak anggapan sulitnya mempelajari kanji. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa bahasa Jepang semester 5 yang secara aktif menggunakan Instagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode action research. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dari 435 mahasiswa yang memposting kanji melalui Instagram, sebagian besar menggunakan fitur-fitur yang ada di Instagram dan menyesuaikannya dengan kemampuan mereka mengingat kanji, seperti dengan asosiasi gambar, video yang menarik dan video urutan penulisan kanji.

EPIGRAM (e-journal)

Penelitian ini fokus pada pemeriksaan indeks kemiripan dari skripsi berbahasa Inggris dengan Turn... more Penelitian ini fokus pada pemeriksaan indeks kemiripan dari skripsi berbahasa Inggris dengan Turnitin. Tujuan dari penelitian yang fokus pada tulisan akademik mahasiswa adalah menghitung nilai rata-rata dan median dari persentase indeks kemiripan yang diidentifikasi oleh Turnitin; memeriksa sumber utama kemiripan yang ditemukan; dan mengidentifikasi bentuk kemiripan tersebut dari sumber utama tertinggi. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata dan median dari indeks kemiripan keduanya berada di bawah 30%; dan sumber utama kemiripan sebagian besar berasal dari situs web. Bentuk kemiripan tersebut adalah kalimat dan bahkan paragraf penuh. Kemiripan yang diidentifikasi Turnitin tidak dapat seluruhnya dikatakan sebagai aksi penjiplakan, karena Turnitin hanya menemukan sumber-sumber dari repositori digital yang terlihat serupa. Turnitin bermanfaat sebagai langkah awal untuk menjaga integritas akademik dalam...

Jurnal Bahasa dan Pariwisata, Oct 17, 2019

Artikel ini diajukan untuk memperkaya metode penelitian pada kajian pragmatis. Dengan memanfaatka... more Artikel ini diajukan untuk memperkaya metode penelitian pada kajian pragmatis. Dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi dan kemajuan komunikasi, netnopragmatik diajukan sebagai sebuah pendekatan dalam menganalisis penggunaan bahasa dalam komunitas daring. Komunitas pada media sosial seperti Facebook dan Twitter, serta pesan instan seperti Skype dan WhatsApp dapat dijadikan objek penelitian dalam kajian pragmatis. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya menghemat waktu, data yang diperoleh melalui pendekatan ini juga lebih alami dibandingkan dengan data yang diperoleh melalui simulasi dan DCT. Peneliti netnopragmatik dapat menganalisis interaksi pada komunitas daring yang dilakukan melalui komunikasi bermedia komputer. Cabang-cabang ilmu pragmatik seperti tindak tutur, implikatur, dan kesantunan dapat dikaji melalui komunikasi bermedia komputer.

This article is proposed to enrich research methods in the field of pragmatics. Taking advantage ... more This article is proposed to enrich research methods in the field of pragmatics. Taking advantage of the development of technology and the revolution of communication, netnopragmatics is proposed to be an approach to analysing the use of language in online communities. Communities in social media such as Facebook and Twitter, and instant messengers such as Skype and WhatsApp Messenger can be research objects for data collection in the study of pragmatics. Not only is this approach far-less time consuming, but the data collected using this approach is also more natural compared to role plays and DCTs. Netnopragmatics researchers are able to analyse interactions in online communities done via computer-mediated communication. Pragmatic subfields such as speech acts, implicatures, and politeness can be analysed through computer-mediated communication.

Keywords: Netnography, Pragmatics, Computer-Mediated Communication, Internet

This dissertation is entitled “Responses to Invitations by Indonesian Sundanese Speakers in Three... more This dissertation is entitled “Responses to Invitations by Indonesian Sundanese Speakers in Three Facebook Groups of Students from Three Different Academic Levels: A Pragmatic Study on Netnographic Data”. This research investigates the act of inviting in online communication pragmatically which focuses on (1) invitation process; (2) utterance structures and strategies of invitations; (3) responses to invitations; and (4) utterance structures and strategies of negotiations in the invitation process. The method used in this research is Internet ethnography or netnography, which adapts ethnographic research techniques into a study on online cultures and communities. This research shows that (1) invitations are divided into two types, unambiguous invitations and ambiguous invitations. Then, the invitation process begins with an initiating act consisting of an invitation or felicity conditions; followed by responses to the invitation involving negotiation; and ends with two kinds of final outcomes; they are one with an agreement and one without an agreement; (2) six invitation strategies are found in this research; they are (a) imperatives, (b) suggestory formulae, (c) willingness, (d) ability, (e) strong hints, and (f) mild hints. The mostly used invitation strategies in unambiguous invitations are suggestory formulae, willingness, and ability; whereas the mostly used invitation strategy in ambiguous invitations is imperatives. Then, the utterance structure from invitations mostly found in unambiguous invitations is interrogative; whilst there is a draw between declarative and interrogative in ambiguous invitations; (3) there are three kinds of responses to invitations; they are (a) acceptances, (b) partial refusals, and (c) full refusals; and finally (4) negotiations are used in response to both invitations and refusals to invitations, and nine types of negotiations are found; they are (a) recommendations, (b) commands, (c) commitments, (d) self-disclosures, (e) warnings, (f) positive normative appeals, (g) promises, (h) alternatives, and (i) notifications. The utterance structure of negotiation mostly found on the data is declarative. This research ascertains that data taken from online interactions is more natural than discourse completion task, questionnaires, and role-plays.

This thesis is entitled “Refusal Strategies in English Speech: a Pragmatic Study”. The objectives... more This thesis is entitled “Refusal Strategies in English Speech: a Pragmatic Study”. The objectives of this study are to find out and explain types of refusal classifications, refusal strategies, and refusal process. This study uses qualitative descriptive method; the researcher chooses document analysis research technique in analyzing the data. There are twenty three episodes of Ugly Betty serials the researcher uses to find the data. The researcher believes that the serials reflect the real lives of Americans. The researcher describes and analyzes utterances which are uttered by the characters from the serials based on the theories of Beebe et al. (1990) and Gass and Houck (1999). The analysis shows that all characters in Ugly Betty serials use more than one strategy in one refusal. The mostly used strategies are direct refusal, explanation/reason, and adjunct.

Abstract In order to gain understanding of the meaning of symbolic variants of the myth in Kampu... more Abstract
In order to gain understanding of the meaning of symbolic variants of the myth in Kampung Naga, an objective analysis is required. Therefore, this paper ap¬plied the linguistic model study offered by Levi-Strauss as a new step for the ob¬jectivity of myth interpretation. The basic assumption of Levi-Strauss’ linguistic model is that myth often display a diverse surface structure, but in fact the diver¬sity is the description of the human deep structure. The selection of this myth was solely based on the life of the Kampung Naga community as part of Sundanese Society. The results indicated that the myth in the religious life of the Kampung Naga community contains a various stories which include the revelation, the reincarnation, and the descent of revelation. These episodes can be constructed into the structure of a Levi-Strauss linguistic model, a binary opposition, namely the mandate giver (active) the mandate recipient (passive). The relationship be¬tween the giver and the receiver is vertical (structural) called “structure of three” (regular). From the “structure of three”, the “culinary triangle” can be construct¬ed. From the “combined triangle”, the Batara Guru will also appear to become a central event that other figures have to go through. Finally, it can be stated that the deep structure construction that still refers to the aspect of Javanese cosmol¬ogy in General.
Keywords: myths, Kampung Naga, Levi-Strauss linguistic model

These proceedings are a collection of papers presented at the 62 nd TEFLIN International Conferen... more These proceedings are a collection of papers presented at the 62 nd TEFLIN International Conference held in conjunction with the celebration of the 53 rd Dies Natalis of Udayana University held in Sanur Paradise Hotel from 14 th through 16 th September 2015. The theme of this year's conference is Teaching and Assessing L2 Learners in the 21 st Century. The papers were selected out of 503 papers presented covering issues of English-language teaching from the perspectives of (1) Language

FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG Jl. AH Nasution 105 Bandung (022)78107... more FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG Jl. AH Nasution 105 Bandung (022)7810790 Fax. 0227803936

In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their daily live... more In this digital age, EFL students have been used to using technological media in their daily lives. They
have learnt English through video games even before they meet their English teachers for the first time in
primary school. By the time they are adults, they have learnt a lot because of video games. Video games are also
believed to be able to enhance students’ 21st century skills. EFL teachers need to improvise the teaching and
learning activities by inserting video games in their classrooms not only to improve their students’ English
ability, but also to enhance the students’ 21st century skills needed for the upcoming Asean Economic
Community (AEC) in 2015. From this perspective, this paper is aimed to discuss the integration of video games
in EFL classrooms for adults by EFL teachers in institutions, the guidelines regarding the practical use of this
technology, and the 21st century skills that can be enhanced through the use of this technology. This paper is
useful for EFL teachers to utilise video games for learning and to motivate students.

Artikel ini berjudul Beneficiary in Material Processes: a Syntactic Study. Penelitian ini mengkaj... more Artikel ini berjudul Beneficiary in Material Processes: a Syntactic Study. Penelitian ini mengkaji dua hal utama, yaitu: (1) Apakah frasa preposisional dengan kata to dan for dalam proses Material termasuk ke dalam Beneficiary, dan (2) Verba apa saja dalam proses Material yang dapat mengandung Beneficiary. Data dijaring dari sebuah video berbahasa Inggris. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Halliday tentang tata bahasa fungsional. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penulisan deskriptif, dengan jenis penelitian analisa dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua preposisi dengan kata to dan for dalam proses Material termasuk Beneficiary. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan memindahkan dan menghilangkan preposisi tersebut. Data dan hasil penelitian ini bersifat tentatif, karena sedikitnya sumber data. Data dan hasil penelitian ini dapat berubah di kemudian hari apabila ada penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai Beneficiary.