Bilgehan Yildiz | Portland State University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Bilgehan Yildiz
Islam A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
A poet-philosopher, educator, and politician, Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a towering literary... more A poet-philosopher, educator, and politician, Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a towering literary figure, a prominent Muslim reformer, and a leading proponent of Muslim unity in the Indian subcontinent in the early twentieth century. His political legacy was a major influence in the movement leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947, and his religious thought continues to inform the discourses of many Muslim reformers today. He published several poetry and prose books in Urdu, Persian, and English, and many of these works have been translated into other languages.
The demand for oil is ever increasing due to the adaptation of developing countries to the global... more The demand for oil is ever increasing due to the adaptation of developing countries to the global economy; as a result, market prices are constantly fluctuating because of the basic economic law of demand. In 2007, oil prices in the market reached approximately 150 USD per barrel. Subsequently, with the global financial crises, the price dropped to approximately 40 USD per barrel. The volatility in the oil and energy costs forces governments and industries to seek new solutions. Price volatility is not the only reason to transform markets to green technologies. Other motives include the negative impact on the environment and the consequent social movements to protect nature. The environmental issues and consumer sensitivity to these issues have impact on corporations‟ production processes. Green technologies appear to be a major future tendency. Corporations – especially the MNCs (Multinational Corporations) – invest in innovative technologies and R&D (Research and Development), which is already greatly focused on green technologies. There are many environmental issues modern societies have to deal with, such as climate change, global warming, industrial waste, and heavy air pollution. In order to control and reduce the effects of these on the environment, one of the most significant change factors that need to be considered is green and renewable energy. Electric vehicles (EVs) emerge with strong potential to remove a substantial part of these effects by introducing green energy. Furthermore, its technology can contribute significantly to global innovation. Along with developed countries, Turkey, (as a developing country) did take a leading role in adopting this new innovative green technology and intends to become the main manufacturer of the EVs for Europe and global markets. In this paper, EV‟s expected consumer demand, the market share, and the contribution to the foreign trade volume of Turkey for the near future are studied.
The demand for oil has been booming as more developing countries start integrating into the globa... more The demand for oil has been booming as more developing countries start integrating into the global economy. Volatility in the oil price and energy costs coerce governments and industries to seek alternative energy sources. Furthermore, the negative impact of carbon emissions on the environment along with pressure from governmental and social organizations’ compel automotive manufacturing industries to gradually shift to these alternative energy sources. Enacted legislations and proposed economy bills (to promote green technologies) have especially had an impact on industry practices. Governments additionally give certain incentives, (such as tax breaks,) to encourage the adoption of green technologies by both consumers and manufacturers. Corporations invest in research and development to bring forth innovative technologies for a number of reasons: to find the most cost effective technology that works with sustainable energy, to keep up with the ever- changing industry conditions, and (thereby) gain a competitive advantage in the market. Electric Vehicles (EV), which claim to reduce the carbon emissions, are offered at a competitive price and performance, and, therefore, one of the strongest green technology alternatives. Thus, throughout the world, many corporations are focused on developing and manufacturing EV models in order to take lead in the market. As of September 2013, the United States had the largest fleet of plug-in electric vehicles in the world by annual sales - over 450,000 plug-in electric cars. The United States has taken a dominant role in adopting this new innovative green technology and many of its states have taken up the incentives and adapted to its regulations. Overseas, Turkey took lead among the developing countries and already launched its first EV model; it aims to become an important EV manufacturer for Europe. In this paper, the financial, psychological, and infrastructural barriers to cross the chasm in EV technology are investigated and suggestions for betterment through policies for the future are made.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011
The perception is widely held that the growth of the IT sector has become a major contributor to ... more The perception is widely held that the growth of the IT sector has become a major contributor to the recent economic growth and improvement of the productivity. Productivity is a concept that affects domestic economy and foreign trade volume of a country directly. Although it ...
Islam A Worldwide Encyclopedia, 2017
A poet-philosopher, educator, and politician, Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a towering literary... more A poet-philosopher, educator, and politician, Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) was a towering literary figure, a prominent Muslim reformer, and a leading proponent of Muslim unity in the Indian subcontinent in the early twentieth century. His political legacy was a major influence in the movement leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947, and his religious thought continues to inform the discourses of many Muslim reformers today. He published several poetry and prose books in Urdu, Persian, and English, and many of these works have been translated into other languages.
The demand for oil is ever increasing due to the adaptation of developing countries to the global... more The demand for oil is ever increasing due to the adaptation of developing countries to the global economy; as a result, market prices are constantly fluctuating because of the basic economic law of demand. In 2007, oil prices in the market reached approximately 150 USD per barrel. Subsequently, with the global financial crises, the price dropped to approximately 40 USD per barrel. The volatility in the oil and energy costs forces governments and industries to seek new solutions. Price volatility is not the only reason to transform markets to green technologies. Other motives include the negative impact on the environment and the consequent social movements to protect nature. The environmental issues and consumer sensitivity to these issues have impact on corporations‟ production processes. Green technologies appear to be a major future tendency. Corporations – especially the MNCs (Multinational Corporations) – invest in innovative technologies and R&D (Research and Development), which is already greatly focused on green technologies. There are many environmental issues modern societies have to deal with, such as climate change, global warming, industrial waste, and heavy air pollution. In order to control and reduce the effects of these on the environment, one of the most significant change factors that need to be considered is green and renewable energy. Electric vehicles (EVs) emerge with strong potential to remove a substantial part of these effects by introducing green energy. Furthermore, its technology can contribute significantly to global innovation. Along with developed countries, Turkey, (as a developing country) did take a leading role in adopting this new innovative green technology and intends to become the main manufacturer of the EVs for Europe and global markets. In this paper, EV‟s expected consumer demand, the market share, and the contribution to the foreign trade volume of Turkey for the near future are studied.
The demand for oil has been booming as more developing countries start integrating into the globa... more The demand for oil has been booming as more developing countries start integrating into the global economy. Volatility in the oil price and energy costs coerce governments and industries to seek alternative energy sources. Furthermore, the negative impact of carbon emissions on the environment along with pressure from governmental and social organizations’ compel automotive manufacturing industries to gradually shift to these alternative energy sources. Enacted legislations and proposed economy bills (to promote green technologies) have especially had an impact on industry practices. Governments additionally give certain incentives, (such as tax breaks,) to encourage the adoption of green technologies by both consumers and manufacturers. Corporations invest in research and development to bring forth innovative technologies for a number of reasons: to find the most cost effective technology that works with sustainable energy, to keep up with the ever- changing industry conditions, and (thereby) gain a competitive advantage in the market. Electric Vehicles (EV), which claim to reduce the carbon emissions, are offered at a competitive price and performance, and, therefore, one of the strongest green technology alternatives. Thus, throughout the world, many corporations are focused on developing and manufacturing EV models in order to take lead in the market. As of September 2013, the United States had the largest fleet of plug-in electric vehicles in the world by annual sales - over 450,000 plug-in electric cars. The United States has taken a dominant role in adopting this new innovative green technology and many of its states have taken up the incentives and adapted to its regulations. Overseas, Turkey took lead among the developing countries and already launched its first EV model; it aims to become an important EV manufacturer for Europe. In this paper, the financial, psychological, and infrastructural barriers to cross the chasm in EV technology are investigated and suggestions for betterment through policies for the future are made.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011
The perception is widely held that the growth of the IT sector has become a major contributor to ... more The perception is widely held that the growth of the IT sector has become a major contributor to the recent economic growth and improvement of the productivity. Productivity is a concept that affects domestic economy and foreign trade volume of a country directly. Although it ...