Lew Bank | Portland State University (original) (raw)

Papers by Lew Bank

Research paper thumbnail of Family management variables and antisocial behavior in boys: a longitudinal perspective

Aggressive Behavior, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Essential Youth Experiences Measure

Research paper thumbnail of African American Respect Scale–Women

Research paper thumbnail of Foster care placement change: The role of family dynamics and household composition

Children and Youth Services Review, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Foster home integration as a temporal indicator of relational well-being

Children and Youth Services Review, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Gerovital-h3: a Clinical Trial As An Antidepressant

Journal of Gerontology, 1978

Twenty-five volunteers, all in their fifth decade or beyond, all with mild to moderate, nonpsycho... more Twenty-five volunteers, all in their fifth decade or beyond, all with mild to moderate, nonpsychotic depression of at least several months' duration participated in a double-blind study of Gerovital vs placebo. There was no significant difference between the Gerovital and placebo groups; both groups showed significant improvement on self-rating as well as observer rating scales.

Research paper thumbnail of Learning to Navigate the New World: Korean-Immigrant Parental Expectations and Challenges in the United States

Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 2016

abstract Korean-American immigrant parents participated in one of four focus groups addressing th... more abstract Korean-American immigrant parents participated in one of four focus groups addressing their parental expectations and challenges. While Korean-immigrant parents differed in level of identification with U.S. culture, they retained much of their Korean cultural identities. Findings demonstrate the complex nature of parental expectations and challenges. Challenges went beyond the obvious difficulties with a new language, as feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness were prevalent. There were concerns about cultural differences, a lack of knowledge about those differences, and how they might negotiate important life venues. Community practitioners need to learn culturally competent ways of implementing services to this population.

Research paper thumbnail of Community Monitoring Systems: Tracking and Improving the Well-Being of

National Institutes of HealthThis publication is in the public domain and may be used or reproduc... more National Institutes of HealthThis publication is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced in its entirety without permission from NIDA. Citation of the source is appreciated. The United States government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names or policies appearing in the publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies described here.

Research paper thumbnail of The preadolescent's contributions to disrupted family process

APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring mechanisms of change in a dyadic relationship intervention for siblings in foster care

Child & Family Social Work

Research paper thumbnail of Positive Home Integration Scale

Research paper thumbnail of A longitudinal analysis of school discipline events among youth in foster care

Children and Youth Services Review

Youth in foster care experience major deficits on standardized measures of academic functioning, ... more Youth in foster care experience major deficits on standardized measures of academic functioning, are at high risk of academic failure, and are more likely than their non-foster peers to be disciplined at school. School discipline-related problems increase risk of problematic educational and behavioral outcomes including dropping out of school, repeating a grade, and engagement in delinquent and criminal behavior. Identifying which youth are at greatest risk for experiencing school discipline is needed in order to improve the educational experiences of youth in foster care. The current investigation examined the effects of youth and contextual characteristics on school discipline events among 315 youth in foster care. Results revealed that being male, in a higher-grade, and a student of color, living apart from one's sibling, and school mobility significantly predicted discipline events. An additional statistical model divided youth into groups based on race, sex, and disability status taking into account the multiple identities youth have. These results suggest that gender, race, and disability status cumulatively inform school discipline experienced among youth in foster care.

Research paper thumbnail of Network indicators of the social ecology of adolescents in relative and non-relative Foster households

Children and Youth Services Review

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of a Measure of Foster Home Integration for Foster Youth

Research on Social Work Practice

Objectives: This article introduces a youth-reported measure (Essential Youth Experiences [EYE]) ... more Objectives: This article introduces a youth-reported measure (Essential Youth Experiences [EYE]) developed to assess the experiences of foster youth in their home environment and their critical relationships across a number of service systems. Empirically, the article reports on the psychometric properties of a 9-item scale within the EYE that measures the construct of positive home integration (PHI). Methods: The EYE was administered to 328 preadolescent and adolescent youth (164 sibling dyads) enrolled in a larger randomized clinical trial. Results: Correlational analysis suggests that the PHI Scale shows good psychometric properties and strong current and predictive validity. Conclusion: The PHI is a reliable and valid scale that measures youth perspectives of inclusion in the foster home and relationships with their foster care provider. This scale quickly gathers youth perspectives and differentiates between youth who have more versus less significant needs. Implications for re...

Research paper thumbnail of Program Fidelity Form

Research paper thumbnail of Delinquency Prevention Through Training Parents in Family Management

Research paper thumbnail of An intervention to improve sibling relationship quality among youth in foster care: Results of a randomized clinical trial

Child abuse & neglect, 2017

Sibling programming is an important part of a prevention framework, particularly for youth in fos... more Sibling programming is an important part of a prevention framework, particularly for youth in foster care. After children are removed from their families and placed into foster care in the aftermath of maltreatment, the sibling relationship is often the most viable ongoing relationship available to the child, and may be critical to a youth's sense of connection, emotional support, and continuity. The promise of dyadic sibling programming in particular rests on the ability of interventions to enhance the quality of sibling relationships; yet little research exists that suggests that sibling interventions can improve relationship quality among foster youth. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the effects of a specific dyadic sibling-focused intervention for older and younger siblings on sibling relationship quality. One hundred sixty four dyads (328 youth) participated in the study, with each dyad consisting of an older sibling between 11 and 15 years of age at bas...

Research paper thumbnail of An Experimental Evaluation of Parent Training, Unskilled Parenting, and Child Welfare Involvement for Adults In the Community Corrections System

ABSTRACT Purpose. Research has demonstrated a strong relationship between unskilled parental disc... more ABSTRACT Purpose. Research has demonstrated a strong relationship between unskilled parental discipline practices among at-risk families and negative outcomes such as child maltreatment and child welfare system involvement (Bank & Burraston, 2001; Greenwald et al., 1997). Little research, however, has examined whether parent training reduces the risk of child maltreatment by improving parental disciplinary behaviors (for exceptions, see Chamberlain et al., 2008; DeGarmo et al., 2009). We report the first experimental test of the relationship between participation in a structured parent management training (PMT) intervention, parental discipline, and child maltreatment risk for adults involved with the community corrections system. It was hypothesized that corrections-involved parents would benefit significantly from PMT, resulting in improved discipline skills and reduced child welfare involvement. Methods. Study participants were 152 adults (78 men) recruited from a rural Oregon county over a three-year interval and who were supervised in the community through the county's corrections department. Referrals to the project were made by parole officers, the courts, community agencies, and through cold calls to newspaper and county listed supervisees. Participants lived with (74%) or had regular contact with (26%) a minor child aged 15 years or younger. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: participation in PMT (a 12-week manualized intervention); or community as usual (CAU) with programs mandated by court, parole officer, or child welfare caseworker. Data were collected at baseline, intervention completion (6-months), and 12-month post-intervention follow-up. Measures included demographic information, face-to-face parent interviews regarding discipline practices with their children, and reports of active cases with child welfare. Parent Daily Report (PDR) 5-minute phone interviews were also conducted; PDR used a 23-item checklist of child behaviors and a prompt requesting parent reaction to endorsed child misbehaviors. Results. Zero-order correlations indicated strong stabilities for discipline (r=.46-.62, p<.001) and DHS involvement, (r=.38-.84, p<.001). Parents assigned to PMT had significantly lower unskilled discipline scores as compared to CAU parents at intervention completion (6-months), and PMT parents showed significant improvement in parental discipline from baseline to 6-months and baseline to follow-up. With PDR, CAU parents reported giving up more often, while PMT parents reported giving up less often, during child discipline encounters. Using a path model, both unskilled discipline and child welfare involvement maintained stability across the three assessment time points. While PMT improved discipline (p=.10) in the model context, the intervention did not significantly alter the odds of child welfare involvement at either 6- or 12-months. Model fit was adequate, X2 (df=15) =13.08, p=.60. Implications. These results strengthen findings from experimental and passive studies (Cowan et al., 2009; Dishion et al., 2008) that suggest that high-risk parents may benefit from opportunities to participate in rigorous parenting programs. These findings also suggest that gains in parental discipline may be stable over time (18-months in the current study), a key practice implication for parent training programming with corrections- and child welfare system-involved families. Additional research is needed, however, to examine what additional supportsbeyond parenting skills trainingmay be needed to ameliorate child maltreatment outcomes for high-risk families.

Research paper thumbnail of An Examination of Parenting Practices in Asian-American Men With Criminal Justice Involvement

Research paper thumbnail of An early starter model for predicting delinquency

... delinquency. The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Patterson, GR; Capaldi, D... more ... delinquency. The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Patterson, GR; Capaldi, D.; Bank, L. Pepler, Debra J. (Ed); Rubin, Kenneth H. (Ed), (1991). The development and treatment of childhood aggression, (pp. 139-168). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Family management variables and antisocial behavior in boys: a longitudinal perspective

Aggressive Behavior, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Essential Youth Experiences Measure

Research paper thumbnail of African American Respect Scale–Women

Research paper thumbnail of Foster care placement change: The role of family dynamics and household composition

Children and Youth Services Review, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Foster home integration as a temporal indicator of relational well-being

Children and Youth Services Review, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Gerovital-h3: a Clinical Trial As An Antidepressant

Journal of Gerontology, 1978

Twenty-five volunteers, all in their fifth decade or beyond, all with mild to moderate, nonpsycho... more Twenty-five volunteers, all in their fifth decade or beyond, all with mild to moderate, nonpsychotic depression of at least several months' duration participated in a double-blind study of Gerovital vs placebo. There was no significant difference between the Gerovital and placebo groups; both groups showed significant improvement on self-rating as well as observer rating scales.

Research paper thumbnail of Learning to Navigate the New World: Korean-Immigrant Parental Expectations and Challenges in the United States

Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 2016

abstract Korean-American immigrant parents participated in one of four focus groups addressing th... more abstract Korean-American immigrant parents participated in one of four focus groups addressing their parental expectations and challenges. While Korean-immigrant parents differed in level of identification with U.S. culture, they retained much of their Korean cultural identities. Findings demonstrate the complex nature of parental expectations and challenges. Challenges went beyond the obvious difficulties with a new language, as feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness were prevalent. There were concerns about cultural differences, a lack of knowledge about those differences, and how they might negotiate important life venues. Community practitioners need to learn culturally competent ways of implementing services to this population.

Research paper thumbnail of Community Monitoring Systems: Tracking and Improving the Well-Being of

National Institutes of HealthThis publication is in the public domain and may be used or reproduc... more National Institutes of HealthThis publication is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced in its entirety without permission from NIDA. Citation of the source is appreciated. The United States government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names or policies appearing in the publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies described here.

Research paper thumbnail of The preadolescent's contributions to disrupted family process

APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring mechanisms of change in a dyadic relationship intervention for siblings in foster care

Child & Family Social Work

Research paper thumbnail of Positive Home Integration Scale

Research paper thumbnail of A longitudinal analysis of school discipline events among youth in foster care

Children and Youth Services Review

Youth in foster care experience major deficits on standardized measures of academic functioning, ... more Youth in foster care experience major deficits on standardized measures of academic functioning, are at high risk of academic failure, and are more likely than their non-foster peers to be disciplined at school. School discipline-related problems increase risk of problematic educational and behavioral outcomes including dropping out of school, repeating a grade, and engagement in delinquent and criminal behavior. Identifying which youth are at greatest risk for experiencing school discipline is needed in order to improve the educational experiences of youth in foster care. The current investigation examined the effects of youth and contextual characteristics on school discipline events among 315 youth in foster care. Results revealed that being male, in a higher-grade, and a student of color, living apart from one's sibling, and school mobility significantly predicted discipline events. An additional statistical model divided youth into groups based on race, sex, and disability status taking into account the multiple identities youth have. These results suggest that gender, race, and disability status cumulatively inform school discipline experienced among youth in foster care.

Research paper thumbnail of Network indicators of the social ecology of adolescents in relative and non-relative Foster households

Children and Youth Services Review

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of a Measure of Foster Home Integration for Foster Youth

Research on Social Work Practice

Objectives: This article introduces a youth-reported measure (Essential Youth Experiences [EYE]) ... more Objectives: This article introduces a youth-reported measure (Essential Youth Experiences [EYE]) developed to assess the experiences of foster youth in their home environment and their critical relationships across a number of service systems. Empirically, the article reports on the psychometric properties of a 9-item scale within the EYE that measures the construct of positive home integration (PHI). Methods: The EYE was administered to 328 preadolescent and adolescent youth (164 sibling dyads) enrolled in a larger randomized clinical trial. Results: Correlational analysis suggests that the PHI Scale shows good psychometric properties and strong current and predictive validity. Conclusion: The PHI is a reliable and valid scale that measures youth perspectives of inclusion in the foster home and relationships with their foster care provider. This scale quickly gathers youth perspectives and differentiates between youth who have more versus less significant needs. Implications for re...

Research paper thumbnail of Program Fidelity Form

Research paper thumbnail of Delinquency Prevention Through Training Parents in Family Management

Research paper thumbnail of An intervention to improve sibling relationship quality among youth in foster care: Results of a randomized clinical trial

Child abuse & neglect, 2017

Sibling programming is an important part of a prevention framework, particularly for youth in fos... more Sibling programming is an important part of a prevention framework, particularly for youth in foster care. After children are removed from their families and placed into foster care in the aftermath of maltreatment, the sibling relationship is often the most viable ongoing relationship available to the child, and may be critical to a youth's sense of connection, emotional support, and continuity. The promise of dyadic sibling programming in particular rests on the ability of interventions to enhance the quality of sibling relationships; yet little research exists that suggests that sibling interventions can improve relationship quality among foster youth. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the effects of a specific dyadic sibling-focused intervention for older and younger siblings on sibling relationship quality. One hundred sixty four dyads (328 youth) participated in the study, with each dyad consisting of an older sibling between 11 and 15 years of age at bas...

Research paper thumbnail of An Experimental Evaluation of Parent Training, Unskilled Parenting, and Child Welfare Involvement for Adults In the Community Corrections System

ABSTRACT Purpose. Research has demonstrated a strong relationship between unskilled parental disc... more ABSTRACT Purpose. Research has demonstrated a strong relationship between unskilled parental discipline practices among at-risk families and negative outcomes such as child maltreatment and child welfare system involvement (Bank & Burraston, 2001; Greenwald et al., 1997). Little research, however, has examined whether parent training reduces the risk of child maltreatment by improving parental disciplinary behaviors (for exceptions, see Chamberlain et al., 2008; DeGarmo et al., 2009). We report the first experimental test of the relationship between participation in a structured parent management training (PMT) intervention, parental discipline, and child maltreatment risk for adults involved with the community corrections system. It was hypothesized that corrections-involved parents would benefit significantly from PMT, resulting in improved discipline skills and reduced child welfare involvement. Methods. Study participants were 152 adults (78 men) recruited from a rural Oregon county over a three-year interval and who were supervised in the community through the county's corrections department. Referrals to the project were made by parole officers, the courts, community agencies, and through cold calls to newspaper and county listed supervisees. Participants lived with (74%) or had regular contact with (26%) a minor child aged 15 years or younger. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: participation in PMT (a 12-week manualized intervention); or community as usual (CAU) with programs mandated by court, parole officer, or child welfare caseworker. Data were collected at baseline, intervention completion (6-months), and 12-month post-intervention follow-up. Measures included demographic information, face-to-face parent interviews regarding discipline practices with their children, and reports of active cases with child welfare. Parent Daily Report (PDR) 5-minute phone interviews were also conducted; PDR used a 23-item checklist of child behaviors and a prompt requesting parent reaction to endorsed child misbehaviors. Results. Zero-order correlations indicated strong stabilities for discipline (r=.46-.62, p<.001) and DHS involvement, (r=.38-.84, p<.001). Parents assigned to PMT had significantly lower unskilled discipline scores as compared to CAU parents at intervention completion (6-months), and PMT parents showed significant improvement in parental discipline from baseline to 6-months and baseline to follow-up. With PDR, CAU parents reported giving up more often, while PMT parents reported giving up less often, during child discipline encounters. Using a path model, both unskilled discipline and child welfare involvement maintained stability across the three assessment time points. While PMT improved discipline (p=.10) in the model context, the intervention did not significantly alter the odds of child welfare involvement at either 6- or 12-months. Model fit was adequate, X2 (df=15) =13.08, p=.60. Implications. These results strengthen findings from experimental and passive studies (Cowan et al., 2009; Dishion et al., 2008) that suggest that high-risk parents may benefit from opportunities to participate in rigorous parenting programs. These findings also suggest that gains in parental discipline may be stable over time (18-months in the current study), a key practice implication for parent training programming with corrections- and child welfare system-involved families. Additional research is needed, however, to examine what additional supportsbeyond parenting skills trainingmay be needed to ameliorate child maltreatment outcomes for high-risk families.

Research paper thumbnail of An Examination of Parenting Practices in Asian-American Men With Criminal Justice Involvement

Research paper thumbnail of An early starter model for predicting delinquency

... delinquency. The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Patterson, GR; Capaldi, D... more ... delinquency. The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Patterson, GR; Capaldi, D.; Bank, L. Pepler, Debra J. (Ed); Rubin, Kenneth H. (Ed), (1991). The development and treatment of childhood aggression, (pp. 139-168). ...