Lee Ann Banaszak | The Pennsylvania State University (original) (raw)
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Current research shows that female legislators serve as role models for women. Understudied is ho... more Current research shows that female legislators serve as role models for women. Understudied is how and the extent to which female ministers inspire women to participate in politics. We argue that with their high visibility and greater ability to influence policy, female ministers also serve as role models, but that their influence differs depending on the form of political engagement. Using the World Values Survey and additional national-level variables, we employ multilevel modeling techniques to explore how women in the cabinet influence various forms of women’s political engagement. We find that the proportion of women in the cabinet has a stronger effect on participation than the proportion of women in parliament. All else equal, a higher proportion of women in the cabinet increases women’s conventional participation (voting and party membership), petition-signing, or engagement in peaceful demonstrations. However, it does not influence women’s participation in strikes or boycotts. Our findings add to current studies of women’s political representation, in which ministerial representation is often underexplored or not differentiated from parliamentary representation, and in differentiating among various forms of participation. It suggests that future research should consider examining a wider variety of women’s political roles in other areas of the political arena.
In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminis... more In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminist activities in the United States between 1945 and 1985. The social movement literature suggests that movements and countermovements as well as movement events and public opinion are deeply entwined. Political protest can alter the mass public's attitudes on a particular issue by providing crucial information about problems that exist in what might otherwise have been an underdeveloped issue area. On the other hand, changes in mass political attitudes are an important precursor to the rise of political protest. In this paper, we examine the endogeneity of two sets of variables using Granger causality: movement and countermovement actions as well as between public opinion and movement events using both yearly and quarterly data, as well as focusing on the specific campaigns concerning abortion and Equal Rights Amendment. We find evidence for an endogenous relationship between movement and countermovement events when we look at the abortion and ERA campaigns at the quarterly level. We also find that movement effects appear to lead public opinion. However, we find mixed evidence that public opinion leads movement events; only in the case of the campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment does public opinion lead movement events. We argue the results have implications both for how empirically we should measure social movement activity as well as for our theoretical understanding of social movements.
This paper discusses the inclusion of feminist movements inside government bureaucracies in three... more This paper discusses the inclusion of feminist movements inside government bureaucracies in three countries: the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It makes two major arguments. First, that in order to measure feminist insider activism within the State one must also look at networks of individual feminist activists and not just women"s policy agencies. Comparing insider feminist activism in
In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminis... more In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminist activities in the United States between 1945 and 1985. The social movement literature suggests that movements and countermovements as well as movement events and public opinion are deeply entwined. Political protest can alter the mass public's attitudes on a particular issue by providing crucial information about problems that exist in what might otherwise have been an underdeveloped issue area. On the other hand, changes in mass political attitudes are an important precursor to the rise of political protest. In this paper, we examine the endogeneity of two sets of variables using Granger causality: movement and countermovement actions as well as between public opinion and movement events using both yearly and quarterly data, as well as focusing on the specific campaigns concerning abortion and Equal Rights Amendment. We find evidence for an endogenous relationship between movement and countermovement events when we look at the abortion and ERA campaigns at the quarterly level. We also find that movement effects appear to lead public opinion. However, we find mixed evidence that public opinion leads movement events; only in the case of the campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment does public opinion lead movement events. We argue the results have implications both for how empirically we should measure social movement activity as well as for our theoretical understanding of social movements.
Political Women and American Democracy, 2008
The Unsustainable American State, 2009
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Public Opinion Quarterly, 1998
... help with the data analysis. I am also grateful to Mark Banaszak, Gunther Hega, David S. Meye... more ... help with the data analysis. I am also grateful to Mark Banaszak, Gunther Hega, David S. Meyer, Eric Plutzer, Robert Rohrschneider, Laura Woliver, and Andrea Wuerth for their suggestions and comments. An earlier draft of ...
Politics & Gender, 2006
... The alternative hypothesis presented by Barbara Einhorn (1993, 162) and Jane Jacquette and Sh... more ... The alternative hypothesis presented by Barbara Einhorn (1993, 162) and Jane Jacquette and Sharon Wolchik (1998, 1314) argues that women have rejected public life and full-time employment as a result of their 34 LEE ANN BANASZAK Page 7. ...
Perspectives on Politics, 2011
Electoral Studies, 2007
ABSTRACT
Electoral Studies, 2012
While scholars have generally acknowledged that coalition governments are less accountable to vot... more While scholars have generally acknowledged that coalition governments are less accountable to voters than single party majorities, surprisingly little differentiation is made among different types of coalition governments. In this paper, we examine voter support for two very different types of coalition governments: those with a single large party and a junior partner and grand coalitionsdgoverning coalitions between two large but ideologically dissimilar parties. We argue that grand coalitions differ from the more typical senior-junior partners in terms of the ability of individual parties to respond to their constituencies. We test this argument using survey data from four German Election Studies (GES), before and after each of the two German grand coalitions (1965, 1969, 2005, and 2009), which provide a unique opportunity to compare voter support for grand coalitions to those of the more typical senior-junior party model. We find evidence that voters responded to grand coalitions by moving away from their traditional voting patterns, and increasing their support for parties outside of the grand coalition, although this effect varies by the number of alternative parties.
Politics & Gender, 2011
... 2003. The Women's Movement and the Constraints of State Reconfiguration. In Women'... more ... 2003. The Women's Movement and the Constraints of State Reconfiguration. In Women's Movements Facing a Reconfigured State, ed. Lee Ann Banaszak, Karen Beckwith, and Dieter Rucht. ... Surrey: Ashgate, 1936. Helmke, Gretchen, and Steven Levitsky. 2004. ...
Political Research Quarterly, 1996
... DOI: 10.1177/106591299604900409 1996 49: 837 Political Research Quarterly Lee AnnBanaszak Wom... more ... DOI: 10.1177/106591299604900409 1996 49: 837 Political Research Quarterly Lee AnnBanaszak Women's Movements When Waves Collide: Cycles of Protest and the Swiss and American Published by: ... LEE ANN BANASZAK, PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY ...
... ERIC PLUTZER Abstract Although several studies explore the political environ-ments and instit... more ... ERIC PLUTZER Abstract Although several studies explore the political environ-ments and institutional features of Western European women's movements, few have examined the mass attitudinal bases for feminist politics in Europe. This article extends the study of femi-nist ...
The American Political Science Review, 1999
Current research shows that female legislators serve as role models for women. Understudied is ho... more Current research shows that female legislators serve as role models for women. Understudied is how and the extent to which female ministers inspire women to participate in politics. We argue that with their high visibility and greater ability to influence policy, female ministers also serve as role models, but that their influence differs depending on the form of political engagement. Using the World Values Survey and additional national-level variables, we employ multilevel modeling techniques to explore how women in the cabinet influence various forms of women’s political engagement. We find that the proportion of women in the cabinet has a stronger effect on participation than the proportion of women in parliament. All else equal, a higher proportion of women in the cabinet increases women’s conventional participation (voting and party membership), petition-signing, or engagement in peaceful demonstrations. However, it does not influence women’s participation in strikes or boycotts. Our findings add to current studies of women’s political representation, in which ministerial representation is often underexplored or not differentiated from parliamentary representation, and in differentiating among various forms of participation. It suggests that future research should consider examining a wider variety of women’s political roles in other areas of the political arena.
In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminis... more In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminist activities in the United States between 1945 and 1985. The social movement literature suggests that movements and countermovements as well as movement events and public opinion are deeply entwined. Political protest can alter the mass public's attitudes on a particular issue by providing crucial information about problems that exist in what might otherwise have been an underdeveloped issue area. On the other hand, changes in mass political attitudes are an important precursor to the rise of political protest. In this paper, we examine the endogeneity of two sets of variables using Granger causality: movement and countermovement actions as well as between public opinion and movement events using both yearly and quarterly data, as well as focusing on the specific campaigns concerning abortion and Equal Rights Amendment. We find evidence for an endogenous relationship between movement and countermovement events when we look at the abortion and ERA campaigns at the quarterly level. We also find that movement effects appear to lead public opinion. However, we find mixed evidence that public opinion leads movement events; only in the case of the campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment does public opinion lead movement events. We argue the results have implications both for how empirically we should measure social movement activity as well as for our theoretical understanding of social movements.
This paper discusses the inclusion of feminist movements inside government bureaucracies in three... more This paper discusses the inclusion of feminist movements inside government bureaucracies in three countries: the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It makes two major arguments. First, that in order to measure feminist insider activism within the State one must also look at networks of individual feminist activists and not just women"s policy agencies. Comparing insider feminist activism in
In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminis... more In this paper we examine the inter-relationship between public opinion, feminist and anti-feminist activities in the United States between 1945 and 1985. The social movement literature suggests that movements and countermovements as well as movement events and public opinion are deeply entwined. Political protest can alter the mass public's attitudes on a particular issue by providing crucial information about problems that exist in what might otherwise have been an underdeveloped issue area. On the other hand, changes in mass political attitudes are an important precursor to the rise of political protest. In this paper, we examine the endogeneity of two sets of variables using Granger causality: movement and countermovement actions as well as between public opinion and movement events using both yearly and quarterly data, as well as focusing on the specific campaigns concerning abortion and Equal Rights Amendment. We find evidence for an endogenous relationship between movement and countermovement events when we look at the abortion and ERA campaigns at the quarterly level. We also find that movement effects appear to lead public opinion. However, we find mixed evidence that public opinion leads movement events; only in the case of the campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment does public opinion lead movement events. We argue the results have implications both for how empirically we should measure social movement activity as well as for our theoretical understanding of social movements.
Political Women and American Democracy, 2008
The Unsustainable American State, 2009
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Public Opinion Quarterly, 1998
... help with the data analysis. I am also grateful to Mark Banaszak, Gunther Hega, David S. Meye... more ... help with the data analysis. I am also grateful to Mark Banaszak, Gunther Hega, David S. Meyer, Eric Plutzer, Robert Rohrschneider, Laura Woliver, and Andrea Wuerth for their suggestions and comments. An earlier draft of ...
Politics & Gender, 2006
... The alternative hypothesis presented by Barbara Einhorn (1993, 162) and Jane Jacquette and Sh... more ... The alternative hypothesis presented by Barbara Einhorn (1993, 162) and Jane Jacquette and Sharon Wolchik (1998, 1314) argues that women have rejected public life and full-time employment as a result of their 34 LEE ANN BANASZAK Page 7. ...
Perspectives on Politics, 2011
Electoral Studies, 2007
ABSTRACT
Electoral Studies, 2012
While scholars have generally acknowledged that coalition governments are less accountable to vot... more While scholars have generally acknowledged that coalition governments are less accountable to voters than single party majorities, surprisingly little differentiation is made among different types of coalition governments. In this paper, we examine voter support for two very different types of coalition governments: those with a single large party and a junior partner and grand coalitionsdgoverning coalitions between two large but ideologically dissimilar parties. We argue that grand coalitions differ from the more typical senior-junior partners in terms of the ability of individual parties to respond to their constituencies. We test this argument using survey data from four German Election Studies (GES), before and after each of the two German grand coalitions (1965, 1969, 2005, and 2009), which provide a unique opportunity to compare voter support for grand coalitions to those of the more typical senior-junior party model. We find evidence that voters responded to grand coalitions by moving away from their traditional voting patterns, and increasing their support for parties outside of the grand coalition, although this effect varies by the number of alternative parties.
Politics & Gender, 2011
... 2003. The Women's Movement and the Constraints of State Reconfiguration. In Women'... more ... 2003. The Women's Movement and the Constraints of State Reconfiguration. In Women's Movements Facing a Reconfigured State, ed. Lee Ann Banaszak, Karen Beckwith, and Dieter Rucht. ... Surrey: Ashgate, 1936. Helmke, Gretchen, and Steven Levitsky. 2004. ...
Political Research Quarterly, 1996
... DOI: 10.1177/106591299604900409 1996 49: 837 Political Research Quarterly Lee AnnBanaszak Wom... more ... DOI: 10.1177/106591299604900409 1996 49: 837 Political Research Quarterly Lee AnnBanaszak Women's Movements When Waves Collide: Cycles of Protest and the Swiss and American Published by: ... LEE ANN BANASZAK, PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY ...
... ERIC PLUTZER Abstract Although several studies explore the political environ-ments and instit... more ... ERIC PLUTZER Abstract Although several studies explore the political environ-ments and institutional features of Western European women's movements, few have examined the mass attitudinal bases for feminist politics in Europe. This article extends the study of femi-nist ...
The American Political Science Review, 1999