Joel Schuman | University of Pittsburgh (original) (raw)
Papers by Joel Schuman
Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 1986
American journal of ophthalmology, 2013
To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene region conta... more To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene region containing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense noncoding RNA (CDKN2B-AS1) and glaucoma features among primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Retrospective observational case series. We studied associations between 10 CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs and glaucoma features among 976 POAG cases from the Glaucoma Genes and Environment (GLAUGEN) study and 1971 cases from the National Eye Institute Glaucoma Human Genetics Collaboration (NEIGHBOR) consortium. For each patient, we chose the feature from the eye with the higher value. We created cohort-specific multivariable models for glaucoma features and then meta-analyzed the results. For 9 of the 10 protective CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs with minor alleles associated with reduced disease risk (eg, the G allele at rs2157719), POAG patients carrying these minor alleles had smaller cup-to-disc ratio (0.05 units smaller per G allele at diagnosis; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.03; P = 6.23E-05) despite having higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (0.70 mm Hg higher per G allele at DNA collection; 95% CI: 0.40, 1.00; P = 5.45E-06). For the 1 adverse rs3217992 SNP with minor allele A associated with increased disease risk, POAG patients with A alleles had larger cup-to-disc ratio (0.05 units larger per A allele at diagnosis; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.07; P = 4.74E-04) despite having lower IOP (-0.57 mm Hg per A allele at DNA collection; 95% CI: -0.84, -0.29; P = 6.55E-05). Alleles of CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs, which influence risk of developing POAG, also modulate optic nerve degeneration among POAG patients, underscoring the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in POAG.
The British journal of ophthalmology, 2008
Archives of ophthalmology, 2012
How will the ophthalmologist of the future practice? What will be the effect of government policy... more How will the ophthalmologist of the future practice? What will be the effect of government policy? How will this impact the mix of health care providers responsible for the delivery of eye care to patients? What part will health record technology play in clinical practice? These topics were discussed at the Knapp Symposium of the 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Ophthalmological Society. The health care system within which ophthalmology will be practiced will be radically different, ruled by changes in collaboration, communication, and practice guidelines. Given the coming uncertainty of our professional lives, it is vital that we anticipate, contemplate, and plan for our futures.
Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging : the official journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye, 2011
Seminars in ophthalmology
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2013
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012
Journal of glaucoma, 2011
Seminars in ophthalmology, 2013
To describe the occurrence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the setting of central foveal thickn... more To describe the occurrence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the setting of central foveal thickness (CFT) under 250 μm as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Stratus OCT was used to measure CFT in a total of 90 eyes from 46 patients with RP. Cross-sectional OCT images were also evaluated for CME, which was defined as cystoid changes in the macula seen on at least two linear scans. CME was identified in 13 of the 46 patients or in 22 of 90 eyes by OCT. In eyes with macular edema, CFT ranged from 224 to 718 μm (mean = 339 ± 137 μm). In eyes without macular edema, CFT ranged from 99 to 273 μm (mean = 184 ± 40 μm). Bilateral CME occurred in 9 of 13 patients (69%). CFT was considered "normal" in 7 of the 22 eyes (32%) with CME. Two patients had bilateral CME with normal CFTs, under 250 μm. We demonstrate the occurrence of CME in RP patients without associated thickening, which has not been described. This concept likely is applicable to other diseases with retinal thinning.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2010
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2008
The British journal of ophthalmology, 2009
The British journal of ophthalmology, 2011
Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2009
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2010
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has pharmacologic effects that remediate cellular stress. In the organ-cultur... more Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has pharmacologic effects that remediate cellular stress. In the organ-cultured murine lens, EP ameliorates oxidative stress, and in a rat cataract model, it attenuates cataract formation. However, corneal responses to EP have not been elucidated. In this study, the potential of EP as a therapeutic agent in corneal wound healing was determined by examining its effects on the transition of quiescent corneal stromal keratocytes into contractile myofibroblasts. Three independent preparations of cultured human keratocytes were treated with TGF-beta1, to elicit a phenotypic transition to myofibroblasts in the presence or absence of 10 or 15 mM EP. Gene expression profiles of the 12 samples (keratocytes +/- EP +/- TGF-beta1 for three preparations) were produced by using gene microarrays. TGF-beta1-driven twofold changes in at least two of three experiments defined a group of 1961 genes. Genes showing twofold modulation by EP in at least two experiments appeared exclusively in myofibroblasts (857 genes), exclusively in keratocytes (409 genes), or in both phenotypes (252 genes). Analysis of these three EP-modulated groups showed that EP (1) inhibited myofibroblast proliferation with concomitant modulation of some cell cycle genes, (2) augmented the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response in both keratocytes and myofibroblasts, and (3) modified the TGF-beta1-driven transition of keratocytes to myofibroblasts by inhibiting the upregulation of a subset of profibrotic genes. These EP-induced phenotypic changes in myofibroblasts indicate the potential of EP as a therapeutic agent in corneal wound healing.
Molecular vision, 2008
To demonstrate a new imaging method for high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomogra... more To demonstrate a new imaging method for high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for small animal developmental imaging. Wildtype zebrafish that were 24, 48, 72, and 120 h post fertilization (hpf) and nok gene mutant (48 hpf) embryos were imaged in vivo. Three additional embryos were imaged twice, once at 72 hpf and again at 120 hpf. Images of the developing eye, brain, heart, whole body, proximal yolk sac, distal yolk sac, and tail were acquired. Three-dimensional OCT data sets (501 x 180 axial scans) were obtained as well as oversampled frames (8,100 axial scans) and repeated line scans (180 repeated frames). Scan volumes ranged from 750 x 750 microm to 3 x 3 mm, each 1.8 mm thick. Three-dimensional data sets allowed construction of C-mode slabs of the embryo. SD-OCT provided ultra-high resolution visualization of the eye, brain, heart, ear, and spine of the developing embryo as early as 24 hpf, and allowed development to be documented in each of these organ systems in consecutive sessions. Repeated line scanning with averaging optimized the visualization of static and dynamic structures contained in SD-OCT images. Structural defects caused by a mutation in the nok gene were readily observed as impeded ocular development, and enlarged pericardial cavities. SD-OCT allowed noninvasive, in vivo, ultra-high resolution, high-speed imaging of zebrafish embryos in their native state. The ability to measure structural and functional features repeatedly on the same specimen, without the need to sacrifice, promises to be a powerful tool in small animal developmental imaging.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2009
Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 1986
American journal of ophthalmology, 2013
To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene region conta... more To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene region containing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense noncoding RNA (CDKN2B-AS1) and glaucoma features among primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Retrospective observational case series. We studied associations between 10 CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs and glaucoma features among 976 POAG cases from the Glaucoma Genes and Environment (GLAUGEN) study and 1971 cases from the National Eye Institute Glaucoma Human Genetics Collaboration (NEIGHBOR) consortium. For each patient, we chose the feature from the eye with the higher value. We created cohort-specific multivariable models for glaucoma features and then meta-analyzed the results. For 9 of the 10 protective CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs with minor alleles associated with reduced disease risk (eg, the G allele at rs2157719), POAG patients carrying these minor alleles had smaller cup-to-disc ratio (0.05 units smaller per G allele at diagnosis; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.03; P = 6.23E-05) despite having higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (0.70 mm Hg higher per G allele at DNA collection; 95% CI: 0.40, 1.00; P = 5.45E-06). For the 1 adverse rs3217992 SNP with minor allele A associated with increased disease risk, POAG patients with A alleles had larger cup-to-disc ratio (0.05 units larger per A allele at diagnosis; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.07; P = 4.74E-04) despite having lower IOP (-0.57 mm Hg per A allele at DNA collection; 95% CI: -0.84, -0.29; P = 6.55E-05). Alleles of CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs, which influence risk of developing POAG, also modulate optic nerve degeneration among POAG patients, underscoring the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in POAG.
The British journal of ophthalmology, 2008
Archives of ophthalmology, 2012
How will the ophthalmologist of the future practice? What will be the effect of government policy... more How will the ophthalmologist of the future practice? What will be the effect of government policy? How will this impact the mix of health care providers responsible for the delivery of eye care to patients? What part will health record technology play in clinical practice? These topics were discussed at the Knapp Symposium of the 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Ophthalmological Society. The health care system within which ophthalmology will be practiced will be radically different, ruled by changes in collaboration, communication, and practice guidelines. Given the coming uncertainty of our professional lives, it is vital that we anticipate, contemplate, and plan for our futures.
Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging : the official journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye, 2011
Seminars in ophthalmology
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2013
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012
Journal of glaucoma, 2011
Seminars in ophthalmology, 2013
To describe the occurrence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the setting of central foveal thickn... more To describe the occurrence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in the setting of central foveal thickness (CFT) under 250 μm as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Stratus OCT was used to measure CFT in a total of 90 eyes from 46 patients with RP. Cross-sectional OCT images were also evaluated for CME, which was defined as cystoid changes in the macula seen on at least two linear scans. CME was identified in 13 of the 46 patients or in 22 of 90 eyes by OCT. In eyes with macular edema, CFT ranged from 224 to 718 μm (mean = 339 ± 137 μm). In eyes without macular edema, CFT ranged from 99 to 273 μm (mean = 184 ± 40 μm). Bilateral CME occurred in 9 of 13 patients (69%). CFT was considered "normal" in 7 of the 22 eyes (32%) with CME. Two patients had bilateral CME with normal CFTs, under 250 μm. We demonstrate the occurrence of CME in RP patients without associated thickening, which has not been described. This concept likely is applicable to other diseases with retinal thinning.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2010
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2008
The British journal of ophthalmology, 2009
The British journal of ophthalmology, 2011
Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2009
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2010
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has pharmacologic effects that remediate cellular stress. In the organ-cultur... more Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has pharmacologic effects that remediate cellular stress. In the organ-cultured murine lens, EP ameliorates oxidative stress, and in a rat cataract model, it attenuates cataract formation. However, corneal responses to EP have not been elucidated. In this study, the potential of EP as a therapeutic agent in corneal wound healing was determined by examining its effects on the transition of quiescent corneal stromal keratocytes into contractile myofibroblasts. Three independent preparations of cultured human keratocytes were treated with TGF-beta1, to elicit a phenotypic transition to myofibroblasts in the presence or absence of 10 or 15 mM EP. Gene expression profiles of the 12 samples (keratocytes +/- EP +/- TGF-beta1 for three preparations) were produced by using gene microarrays. TGF-beta1-driven twofold changes in at least two of three experiments defined a group of 1961 genes. Genes showing twofold modulation by EP in at least two experiments appeared exclusively in myofibroblasts (857 genes), exclusively in keratocytes (409 genes), or in both phenotypes (252 genes). Analysis of these three EP-modulated groups showed that EP (1) inhibited myofibroblast proliferation with concomitant modulation of some cell cycle genes, (2) augmented the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response in both keratocytes and myofibroblasts, and (3) modified the TGF-beta1-driven transition of keratocytes to myofibroblasts by inhibiting the upregulation of a subset of profibrotic genes. These EP-induced phenotypic changes in myofibroblasts indicate the potential of EP as a therapeutic agent in corneal wound healing.
Molecular vision, 2008
To demonstrate a new imaging method for high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomogra... more To demonstrate a new imaging method for high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for small animal developmental imaging. Wildtype zebrafish that were 24, 48, 72, and 120 h post fertilization (hpf) and nok gene mutant (48 hpf) embryos were imaged in vivo. Three additional embryos were imaged twice, once at 72 hpf and again at 120 hpf. Images of the developing eye, brain, heart, whole body, proximal yolk sac, distal yolk sac, and tail were acquired. Three-dimensional OCT data sets (501 x 180 axial scans) were obtained as well as oversampled frames (8,100 axial scans) and repeated line scans (180 repeated frames). Scan volumes ranged from 750 x 750 microm to 3 x 3 mm, each 1.8 mm thick. Three-dimensional data sets allowed construction of C-mode slabs of the embryo. SD-OCT provided ultra-high resolution visualization of the eye, brain, heart, ear, and spine of the developing embryo as early as 24 hpf, and allowed development to be documented in each of these organ systems in consecutive sessions. Repeated line scanning with averaging optimized the visualization of static and dynamic structures contained in SD-OCT images. Structural defects caused by a mutation in the nok gene were readily observed as impeded ocular development, and enlarged pericardial cavities. SD-OCT allowed noninvasive, in vivo, ultra-high resolution, high-speed imaging of zebrafish embryos in their native state. The ability to measure structural and functional features repeatedly on the same specimen, without the need to sacrifice, promises to be a powerful tool in small animal developmental imaging.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2009