Choong Lee | Pittsburg (KS) State University (original) (raw)
Papers by Choong Lee
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 27, 2023
Since China started its economic development, industrial policies have been formulated and became... more Since China started its economic development, industrial policies have been formulated and became an integral part of its economic development plans. This research is to examine various aspects of technological changes and innovations in China in which industrial policies have been incorporated and applied based on the success of its economic policies in improving their technological capacity. Its focus will be on technological innovations in transportation, manufacture, and agriculture in China. Then, this research will discuss what effects technological innovations have on the Chinese economy. Finally, it will include a conclusion of the role of technological changes and innovations in the Chinese economy for the future.
Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the ... more Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the rest of the world. Thus, as an emerging transition economy, Kazakhstan faces the need to open its borders to the world and quickly integrate into the global economy. Yet, on the contrary to the widespread belief, a speedy WTO membership may not only fail to provide the expected outcomes but also bring unfavorable consequences to Kazakhstan given the country’s unique economic environment. This paper examines the various implications of WTO accession on Kazakhstan and illustrates the significance of fostering bilateral trade relations with several key countries as an alternative strategy to a rapid acquisition of membership.
Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the ... more Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the rest of the world. Thus, as an emerging transition economy, Kazakhstan faces the need to open its borders to the world and quickly integrate into the global economy. Yet, on the contrary to the widespread belief, a speedy WTO membership may not only fail to provide the expected outcomes but also bring unfavorable consequences to Kazakhstan given the country’s unique economic environment. This paper examines the various implications of WTO accession on Kazakhstan and illustrates the significance of fostering bilateral trade relations with several key countries as an alternative strategy to a rapid acquisition of membership.
This paper presents the results of comparative research between the Japanese and Korean automobil... more This paper presents the results of comparative research between the Japanese and Korean automobile industries on the result of quality management and the improvement. Japanese vehicles have been seen as reliable, low maintenance, and good quality cars. Japanese manufacturers developed several important quality management purposes and unique vernacular standards. Meanwhile, though the Korean automobile history is not very developed, Korea’s automakers are trying hard to get rid off the weak brand image and keep abreast of Japan’s and the Detroit Big Three. Besides, there is a comparison of similarities and differences between Japanese and Korean automobile industries and the problems and challenges they encounter.
INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research, 1996
This paper describes an integer progranmiing formulation for the design of distribution networks ... more This paper describes an integer progranmiing formulation for the design of distribution networks in which intermediate depots, such as distribution centers or warehouses, must belong toi one of a set of pre-defined (standardized) facility types. Many organizations that operate a vairiety of distribution centers (or warehouses) have established standardized facilities so as to save &xsA setup costs when new facilities are built, A category of variable "distribution centei' type" offers one the opportunity to model this distinction. The standard warehouse location problem is extended to a generalization of multitype capacitated distribution center location problem. A cross-decomposition algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.
International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 2000
Quality has been identified as a key competitive weapon in the global market. Chinese firms are m... more Quality has been identified as a key competitive weapon in the global market. Chinese firms are making considerable effort in implementing quality management in order to gain global competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast manufacturing strategies and business practices between TQM and traditional (or non‐TQM) firms in the Chinese manufacturing industry. This study explores the differences that may exist between TQM and traditional non‐TQM firms in manufacturing strategies and business practices by analyzing survey results of 243 Chinese manufacturing firms. Differences between TQM and traditional non‐TQM firms are investigated in several respects.
Computers & Operations Research, 1991
Abstract Consider a generalization of the multiproduct capacitated facility location problem in w... more Abstract Consider a generalization of the multiproduct capacitated facility location problem in which each facility capacity has to be chosen from a given set of admissible levels. The objective is to select a set of facilities to open, along with their capacities, and to assign customer demands to them so as to minimize the total cost. In this model, in addition to a fixed cost for opening a facility, a fixed cost is incurred for each product that a facility is equipped to produce. Also, transportation costs are incurred for satisfying each customer's requirement for a particular product at each chosen facility. Benders' decomposition provides a natural partitioning of this model which defines a master problem for selecting a set of open facilities and equipment (or machines) and a subproblem in which the optimal assignment of demand to a specific facility is determined. A solution algorithm based on Benders' decomposition is developed, implemented and applied to a numerical example to discuss the behavior of the cutting planes generated in Benders' decomposition. Computational results of this algorithm are quite satisfactory and encouraging.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research
Fossil fuels power most of our society, yet they will not last forever. The search for alternativ... more Fossil fuels power most of our society, yet they will not last forever. The search for alternative sources of energy have yielded only fleeting promises of change. Of the many types of sustainable energy, solar energy seems to be the most promising, however, solar energy is not without its flaws. This paper will explore the history and mechanics of solar energy, it will also feature a specific focus on the use of solar energy in the Korean economy. In order to ascertain whether or not solar energy may provide a sufficient alternative to fossil fuels for Korea’s primary source of energy, it will be necessary to conduct a cost/benefit analysis of solar energy. After conducting thorough research on the topic and based on the evidence to be provided in this paper, it is concluded that while solar energy has the potential to serve as a replacement for fossil fuels in Korean energy production, it is not yet ready to take on that role. It will be necessary to further develop the technology...
Different countries have different cultures from the influence of its religions, custom, norms an... more Different countries have different cultures from the influence of its religions, custom, norms and tradition. South Korea has its unique cultures and these cultures influence people’s daily life as well as its business practices, especially in international business. It is essential for foreigners or multinational companies in South Korea to understand those cultures and use them appropriately to work better with Korean employees or partners. This paper mainly focuses on six parts of the Korean culture, which are Kibun, Inhwa, the power distance and hierarchy, Confucianism, the personal relationships in doing business, and business etiquette in Korea. All of these critical aspects of the Korean culture have strong influences on the way how to do business in South Korea. Without understanding them, it is hard especially for foreigners and foreign companies to do their business in Korea effectively and efficiently and have all successes in their business in Korea.
Corporate culture, as a management theory and method, emerged as an important component of organi... more Corporate culture, as a management theory and method, emerged as an important component of organizational success in the late twentieth century. Korea’s unique style of corporate culture is a critical element to its economic success. Both China and Korea still have a strong influence of Confucianism on everyday life; Confucianism is the most dominating component in both countries’ cultures. The Western style of management philosophy, with its associated corporate culture, is generally regarded as the most efficient and effective philosophy. However, the successful experience of Korean business based on its own corporate culture has also gained attention and praise from all over the world. Many experts and businesspersons in China are looking at the Korean style of management and its unique corporate culture with serious interest, and are considering it as the most suitable style of management for China to have continued success in its economy. In fact, corporate culture in China is ...
Vestnik Bishkek Humanities University, 2020
The purpose of this paper is to identify what youth development programs are needed for the socio... more The purpose of this paper is to identify what youth development programs are needed for the socio-economic development of Kyrgyzstan, and how such programs can be built effectively for the sustainable development of Kyrgyzstan. Since their independence from the Former Soviet Union, virtually all Central Asian countries have faced complex socio-economic challenges in their transition from a command to a market economy. As a consequence, social instability has increased to the level of serious threat to political stability and national security. Particularly, Kyrgyzstan has had people’s revolutions trice since its independence. In those three Kyrgyz revolutions, even though all patriotic Kyrgyz people were parts of relatively peaceful demonstrations against dictators and their corrupt governments, young people who were teens and early twenties made the difference at the critical moments during those two revolutions. Now, Kyrgyz people seem overconfident in believing that they could ch...
Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 2006
As American firms attempt to take advantage of the enormous market potential of China, several cu... more As American firms attempt to take advantage of the enormous market potential of China, several cultural barriers challenge the way products must be marketed to Chinese consumers. With China’s culture being so unique and rooted in Confucianism, there exists quite a discrepancy from a western domestic market. As a result, firms must develop a localization strategy to account for the local cultural norms and to best position their product for success. In addition, U.S. firms must also determine the most effective medium in taking advantage of China’s consumer market. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural and e-commerce implications of marketing in China, and to provide an adequate framework for U.S. firms wanting to focus their attention on this emerging market.
LEE,CHOONG Y.October, 2011.The rise of Korean automobile industry,Article,Zenith International Re... more LEE,CHOONG Y.October, 2011.The rise of Korean automobile industry,Article,Zenith International Research and Academic Foundation,12
For decades now, the world has watched in admiration how the people of the Asia and Pacific regio... more For decades now, the world has watched in admiration how the people of the Asia and Pacific region have transformed their economies through creativity, hard work, and market reform. Trade has flourished and the pace of economic growth has soared, and the economy has expanded at historic rates in recent years. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and the current global financial crisis took a significant toll on Asia and reversed economic and social gains that had taken years to achieve. It also however set in motion fundamental policy and institutional reforms with long-term positive impacts for Asia.
The trucking industry is undergoing an evolution of revolutionary proportions. As American busine... more The trucking industry is undergoing an evolution of revolutionary proportions. As American businesses continue to embrace just-in-time manufacturing and distribution methods to reduce inventory levels, smaller and quicker deliveries of goods in the supply chain are essential. A booming economy has increased the demand for transportation services to an extent that finding enough qualified drivers becomes a major challenge. Because of this and many other factors private fleets, full-load and less-than full-load carriers are feeling increasing pressure to adapt to new challenges and possibilities. Supply chain management and fleet management are becoming even more important as customers demand more services from their carriers. Carriers are continuing to embrace satellite tracking and communications technologies as key elements of increasing the productivity of their fleets while also reducing waste and inefficiency at the same time. The introduction of these previous forces has begun ...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 27, 2023
Since China started its economic development, industrial policies have been formulated and became... more Since China started its economic development, industrial policies have been formulated and became an integral part of its economic development plans. This research is to examine various aspects of technological changes and innovations in China in which industrial policies have been incorporated and applied based on the success of its economic policies in improving their technological capacity. Its focus will be on technological innovations in transportation, manufacture, and agriculture in China. Then, this research will discuss what effects technological innovations have on the Chinese economy. Finally, it will include a conclusion of the role of technological changes and innovations in the Chinese economy for the future.
Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the ... more Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the rest of the world. Thus, as an emerging transition economy, Kazakhstan faces the need to open its borders to the world and quickly integrate into the global economy. Yet, on the contrary to the widespread belief, a speedy WTO membership may not only fail to provide the expected outcomes but also bring unfavorable consequences to Kazakhstan given the country’s unique economic environment. This paper examines the various implications of WTO accession on Kazakhstan and illustrates the significance of fostering bilateral trade relations with several key countries as an alternative strategy to a rapid acquisition of membership.
Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the ... more Since the Soviet era, Kazakhstan has been both geographically and economically isolated from the rest of the world. Thus, as an emerging transition economy, Kazakhstan faces the need to open its borders to the world and quickly integrate into the global economy. Yet, on the contrary to the widespread belief, a speedy WTO membership may not only fail to provide the expected outcomes but also bring unfavorable consequences to Kazakhstan given the country’s unique economic environment. This paper examines the various implications of WTO accession on Kazakhstan and illustrates the significance of fostering bilateral trade relations with several key countries as an alternative strategy to a rapid acquisition of membership.
This paper presents the results of comparative research between the Japanese and Korean automobil... more This paper presents the results of comparative research between the Japanese and Korean automobile industries on the result of quality management and the improvement. Japanese vehicles have been seen as reliable, low maintenance, and good quality cars. Japanese manufacturers developed several important quality management purposes and unique vernacular standards. Meanwhile, though the Korean automobile history is not very developed, Korea’s automakers are trying hard to get rid off the weak brand image and keep abreast of Japan’s and the Detroit Big Three. Besides, there is a comparison of similarities and differences between Japanese and Korean automobile industries and the problems and challenges they encounter.
INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research, 1996
This paper describes an integer progranmiing formulation for the design of distribution networks ... more This paper describes an integer progranmiing formulation for the design of distribution networks in which intermediate depots, such as distribution centers or warehouses, must belong toi one of a set of pre-defined (standardized) facility types. Many organizations that operate a vairiety of distribution centers (or warehouses) have established standardized facilities so as to save &xsA setup costs when new facilities are built, A category of variable "distribution centei' type" offers one the opportunity to model this distinction. The standard warehouse location problem is extended to a generalization of multitype capacitated distribution center location problem. A cross-decomposition algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.
International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 2000
Quality has been identified as a key competitive weapon in the global market. Chinese firms are m... more Quality has been identified as a key competitive weapon in the global market. Chinese firms are making considerable effort in implementing quality management in order to gain global competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast manufacturing strategies and business practices between TQM and traditional (or non‐TQM) firms in the Chinese manufacturing industry. This study explores the differences that may exist between TQM and traditional non‐TQM firms in manufacturing strategies and business practices by analyzing survey results of 243 Chinese manufacturing firms. Differences between TQM and traditional non‐TQM firms are investigated in several respects.
Computers & Operations Research, 1991
Abstract Consider a generalization of the multiproduct capacitated facility location problem in w... more Abstract Consider a generalization of the multiproduct capacitated facility location problem in which each facility capacity has to be chosen from a given set of admissible levels. The objective is to select a set of facilities to open, along with their capacities, and to assign customer demands to them so as to minimize the total cost. In this model, in addition to a fixed cost for opening a facility, a fixed cost is incurred for each product that a facility is equipped to produce. Also, transportation costs are incurred for satisfying each customer's requirement for a particular product at each chosen facility. Benders' decomposition provides a natural partitioning of this model which defines a master problem for selecting a set of open facilities and equipment (or machines) and a subproblem in which the optimal assignment of demand to a specific facility is determined. A solution algorithm based on Benders' decomposition is developed, implemented and applied to a numerical example to discuss the behavior of the cutting planes generated in Benders' decomposition. Computational results of this algorithm are quite satisfactory and encouraging.
International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research
Fossil fuels power most of our society, yet they will not last forever. The search for alternativ... more Fossil fuels power most of our society, yet they will not last forever. The search for alternative sources of energy have yielded only fleeting promises of change. Of the many types of sustainable energy, solar energy seems to be the most promising, however, solar energy is not without its flaws. This paper will explore the history and mechanics of solar energy, it will also feature a specific focus on the use of solar energy in the Korean economy. In order to ascertain whether or not solar energy may provide a sufficient alternative to fossil fuels for Korea’s primary source of energy, it will be necessary to conduct a cost/benefit analysis of solar energy. After conducting thorough research on the topic and based on the evidence to be provided in this paper, it is concluded that while solar energy has the potential to serve as a replacement for fossil fuels in Korean energy production, it is not yet ready to take on that role. It will be necessary to further develop the technology...
Different countries have different cultures from the influence of its religions, custom, norms an... more Different countries have different cultures from the influence of its religions, custom, norms and tradition. South Korea has its unique cultures and these cultures influence people’s daily life as well as its business practices, especially in international business. It is essential for foreigners or multinational companies in South Korea to understand those cultures and use them appropriately to work better with Korean employees or partners. This paper mainly focuses on six parts of the Korean culture, which are Kibun, Inhwa, the power distance and hierarchy, Confucianism, the personal relationships in doing business, and business etiquette in Korea. All of these critical aspects of the Korean culture have strong influences on the way how to do business in South Korea. Without understanding them, it is hard especially for foreigners and foreign companies to do their business in Korea effectively and efficiently and have all successes in their business in Korea.
Corporate culture, as a management theory and method, emerged as an important component of organi... more Corporate culture, as a management theory and method, emerged as an important component of organizational success in the late twentieth century. Korea’s unique style of corporate culture is a critical element to its economic success. Both China and Korea still have a strong influence of Confucianism on everyday life; Confucianism is the most dominating component in both countries’ cultures. The Western style of management philosophy, with its associated corporate culture, is generally regarded as the most efficient and effective philosophy. However, the successful experience of Korean business based on its own corporate culture has also gained attention and praise from all over the world. Many experts and businesspersons in China are looking at the Korean style of management and its unique corporate culture with serious interest, and are considering it as the most suitable style of management for China to have continued success in its economy. In fact, corporate culture in China is ...
Vestnik Bishkek Humanities University, 2020
The purpose of this paper is to identify what youth development programs are needed for the socio... more The purpose of this paper is to identify what youth development programs are needed for the socio-economic development of Kyrgyzstan, and how such programs can be built effectively for the sustainable development of Kyrgyzstan. Since their independence from the Former Soviet Union, virtually all Central Asian countries have faced complex socio-economic challenges in their transition from a command to a market economy. As a consequence, social instability has increased to the level of serious threat to political stability and national security. Particularly, Kyrgyzstan has had people’s revolutions trice since its independence. In those three Kyrgyz revolutions, even though all patriotic Kyrgyz people were parts of relatively peaceful demonstrations against dictators and their corrupt governments, young people who were teens and early twenties made the difference at the critical moments during those two revolutions. Now, Kyrgyz people seem overconfident in believing that they could ch...
Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 2006
As American firms attempt to take advantage of the enormous market potential of China, several cu... more As American firms attempt to take advantage of the enormous market potential of China, several cultural barriers challenge the way products must be marketed to Chinese consumers. With China’s culture being so unique and rooted in Confucianism, there exists quite a discrepancy from a western domestic market. As a result, firms must develop a localization strategy to account for the local cultural norms and to best position their product for success. In addition, U.S. firms must also determine the most effective medium in taking advantage of China’s consumer market. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural and e-commerce implications of marketing in China, and to provide an adequate framework for U.S. firms wanting to focus their attention on this emerging market.
LEE,CHOONG Y.October, 2011.The rise of Korean automobile industry,Article,Zenith International Re... more LEE,CHOONG Y.October, 2011.The rise of Korean automobile industry,Article,Zenith International Research and Academic Foundation,12
For decades now, the world has watched in admiration how the people of the Asia and Pacific regio... more For decades now, the world has watched in admiration how the people of the Asia and Pacific region have transformed their economies through creativity, hard work, and market reform. Trade has flourished and the pace of economic growth has soared, and the economy has expanded at historic rates in recent years. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and the current global financial crisis took a significant toll on Asia and reversed economic and social gains that had taken years to achieve. It also however set in motion fundamental policy and institutional reforms with long-term positive impacts for Asia.
The trucking industry is undergoing an evolution of revolutionary proportions. As American busine... more The trucking industry is undergoing an evolution of revolutionary proportions. As American businesses continue to embrace just-in-time manufacturing and distribution methods to reduce inventory levels, smaller and quicker deliveries of goods in the supply chain are essential. A booming economy has increased the demand for transportation services to an extent that finding enough qualified drivers becomes a major challenge. Because of this and many other factors private fleets, full-load and less-than full-load carriers are feeling increasing pressure to adapt to new challenges and possibilities. Supply chain management and fleet management are becoming even more important as customers demand more services from their carriers. Carriers are continuing to embrace satellite tracking and communications technologies as key elements of increasing the productivity of their fleets while also reducing waste and inefficiency at the same time. The introduction of these previous forces has begun ...