The human 18S ribosomal RNA gene: evolution and stability (original) (raw)

. 1986 Apr;38(4):419–427.

Abstract

We report the 1,870-base-pair primary sequence of a human 18S rRNA gene and propose a secondary structure based on this sequence and the general mammalian structure. A basic secondary structure for the small subunit rRNA has been preserved throughout evolution by compensatory and neutral base changes in double-stranded regions. The molecule contains eight regions that can vary in structure and that comprise 432 bases, while 1,438 bases belong to regions of conserved structure among all species tested. The conserved regions show a remarkably low sequence divergence rate of 0.1% between the human and mouse genes over the approximately 80 million years since the mammalian radiation. This value may make the small subunit rDNA the most highly conserved sequence known. Sequence conservation in higher eukaryotes with multiple copies of the gene is probably achieved by the combination of strong selection and the correction of tandem genes by unequal homologous exchange.

419

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arnheim N., Krystal M., Schmickel R., Wilson G., Ryder O., Zimmer E. Molecular evidence for genetic exchanges among ribosomal genes on nonhomologous chromosomes in man and apes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7323–7327. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7323. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brosius J., Palmer M. L., Kennedy P. J., Noller H. F. Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):4801–4805. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.4801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carbon P., Ehresmann C., Ehresmann B., Ebel J. P. The complete nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal 16-S RNA from Excherichia coli. Experimental details and cistron heterogeneities. Eur J Biochem. 1979 Oct 15;100(2):399–410. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb04183.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Connaughton J. F., Rairkar A., Lockard R. E., Kumar A. Primary structure of rabbit 18S ribosomal RNA determined by direct RNA sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jun 11;12(11):4731–4745. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.11.4731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gonzalez I. L., Gorski J. L., Campen T. J., Dorney D. J., Erickson J. M., Sylvester J. E., Schmickel R. D. Variation among human 28S ribosomal RNA genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(22):7666–7670. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.22.7666. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hogan J. J., Gutell R. R., Noller H. F. Probing the conformation of 18S rRNA in yeast 40S ribosomal subunits with kethoxal. Biochemistry. 1984 Jul 3;23(14):3322–3330. doi: 10.1021/bi00309a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Mankin A. S., Kopylov A. M., Bogdanov A. A. Modification of 18 S rRNA in the 40 S ribosomal subunit of yeast with dimethyl sulfate. FEBS Lett. 1981 Nov 2;134(1):11–14. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80539-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Nelles L., Fang B. L., Volckaert G., Vandenberghe A., De Wachter R. Nucleotide sequence of a crustacean 18S ribosomal RNA gene and secondary structure of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 11;12(23):8749–8768. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.23.8749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Olsen G. J., McCarroll R., Sogin M. L. Secondary structure of the Dictyostelium discoideum small subunit ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 25;11(22):8037–8049. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.22.8037. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Raynal F., Michot B., Bachellerie J. P. Complete nucleotide sequence of mouse 18 S rRNA gene: comparison with other available homologs. FEBS Lett. 1984 Feb 27;167(2):263–268. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80139-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Rubtsov P. M., Musakhanov M. M., Zakharyev V. M., Krayev A. S., Skryabin K. G., Bayev A. A. The structure of the yeast ribosomal RNA genes. I. The complete nucleotide sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Dec 11;8(23):5779–5794. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.23.5779. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Takaiwa F., Oono K., Sugiura M. The complete nucleotide sequence of a rice 17S rRNA gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 11;12(13):5441–5448. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.13.5441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Wilson G. N., Szura L. L., Rushford C., Jackson D., Erickson J. Structure and variation of human ribosomal DNA: the external transcribed spacer and adjacent regions. Am J Hum Genet. 1982 Jan;34(1):32–49. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Woese C. R., Gutell R., Gupta R., Noller H. F. Detailed analysis of the higher-order structure of 16S-like ribosomal ribonucleic acids. Microbiol Rev. 1983 Dec;47(4):621–669. doi: 10.1128/mr.47.4.621-669.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]