Epidemiology, aetiology, and prognosis of heart failure (original) (raw)

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (184.5 KB).

Figure 1: .

Figure 1:  

Comparison of heart failure admissions rates per annum (recorded hospital admissions/10 000 population at risk) in western developed countries 1978 to 1993. Adapted from data in McMurray et al.1

Figure 2: .

Figure 2:  

Cost of chronic heart failure compared with the total health expenditure in Sweden, the UK, France, the USA, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The figures represent the component of hospital costs contributing to total expenditure quoted in the local currency and (in parentheses) as a proportion of total health care expenditure for that country. Adapted from data in McMurray et al.1

Figure 3: .

Figure 3:  

Change in causal factors for heart failure in the Framingham heart study during the period 1950 to 1987. Adapted from data reported by Kannel WB et al.10

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bart B. A., Ertl G., Held P., Kuch J., Maggioni A. P., McMurray J., Michelson E. L., Rouleau J. L., Warner Stevenson L., Swedberg K. Contemporary management of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Results from the Study of Patients Intolerant of Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (SPICE) Registry. Eur Heart J. 1999 Aug;20(16):1182–1190. doi: 10.1053/euhj.1998.1481. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bonneux L., Barendregt J. J., Meeter K., Bonsel G. J., van der Maas P. J. Estimating clinical morbidity due to ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure: the future rise of heart failure. Am J Public Health. 1994 Jan;84(1):20–28. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.1.20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cowie M. R. Annotated references in epidemiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 1999 Mar;1(1):101–107. doi: 10.1016/S1388-9842(98)00008-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cowie M. R., Wood D. A., Coats A. J., Thompson S. G., Poole-Wilson P. A., Suresh V., Sutton G. C. Incidence and aetiology of heart failure; a population-based study. Eur Heart J. 1999 Mar;20(6):421–428. doi: 10.1053/euhj.1998.1280. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ho K. K., Anderson K. M., Kannel W. B., Grossman W., Levy D. Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects. Circulation. 1993 Jul;88(1):107–115. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.88.1.107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kannel W. B., Ho K., Thom T. Changing epidemiological features of cardiac failure. Br Heart J. 1994 Aug;72(2 Suppl):S3–S9. doi: 10.1136/hrt.72.2_suppl.s3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. McDonagh T. A., Morrison C. E., Lawrence A., Ford I., Tunstall-Pedoe H., McMurray J. J., Dargie H. J. Symptomatic and asymptomatic left-ventricular systolic dysfunction in an urban population. Lancet. 1997 Sep 20;350(9081):829–833. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)03033-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. McMurray J. J., Petrie M. C., Murdoch D. R., Davie A. P. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure: public and private health burden. Eur Heart J. 1998 Dec;19 (Suppl Pt):P9–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. McMurray J., McDonagh T., Morrison C. E., Dargie H. J. Trends in hospitalization for heart failure in Scotland 1980-1990. Eur Heart J. 1993 Sep;14(9):1158–1162. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/14.9.1158. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Packer M., Poole-Wilson P. A., Armstrong P. W., Cleland J. G., Horowitz J. D., Massie B. M., Rydén L., Thygesen K., Uretsky B. F. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. ATLAS Study Group. Circulation. 1999 Dec 7;100(23):2312–2318. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.100.23.2312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pitt B., Zannad F., Remme W. J., Cody R., Castaigne A., Perez A., Palensky J., Wittes J. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 2;341(10):709–717. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199909023411001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Rosamond W. D., Chambless L. E., Folsom A. R., Cooper L. S., Conwill D. E., Clegg L., Wang C. H., Heiss G. Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and in mortality due to coronary heart disease, 1987 to 1994. N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 24;339(13):861–867. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199809243391301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Senni M., Tribouilloy C. M., Rodeheffer R. J., Jacobsen S. J., Evans J. M., Bailey K. R., Redfield M. M. Congestive heart failure in the community: a study of all incident cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1991. Circulation. 1998 Nov 24;98(21):2282–2289. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.98.21.2282. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Shumway N. E. Cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 Jul;22(1):6–7. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90809-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Vasan R. S., Larson M. G., Benjamin E. J., Evans J. C., Reiss C. K., Levy D. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence and mortality in a population-based cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Jun;33(7):1948–1955. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00118-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

[ADDITIONAL REFERENCES]