Leonard Ray | LSU Baton Rouge (original) (raw)

Papers by Leonard Ray

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Effectiveness of Diplomatic Strategies: A Quantitative Analysis of U.S.-Soviet Interactions

Global Security and Intelligence Studies

Research paper thumbnail of Chickens and eggs: Untangling the party electorate

Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Caroli... more Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 Leonard_ray@unc.edu ... The work of Ernie Haas is generally cited as a primary inspiration and example of this branch of integration theory ...

Research paper thumbnail of A natural sentences approach to the computer coding of party manifestos

Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Intermediary Institutions and Information about the European Union

Much of the recent literature on public support for European integration assumes a fairly high le... more Much of the recent literature on public support for European integration assumes a fairly high level of sophistication on the part of European publics. In particular, individuals are presumed to have reasonably accurate perceptions of the costs and benefits of integration. This paper identifies the institutions such as political parties, labor unions, professional associations, and the news media which are used as sources of information about the European Union, and examines systematic differences in the subjective and objective levels of information among individuals relying on each major source of information. The results help to identify those individuals who are more likely to behave according to economic utility maximizing models, political cue taking theories, or hypotheses about media influence.

Research paper thumbnail of The Impacts of Voting Rules on Acceding EU Member States

We propose a framework by which to observe the consequences of enlargement of the European Union.... more We propose a framework by which to observe the consequences of enlargement of the European Union. We outline the sincere positions of the old and new EU members, using a one-dimensional spatial model to predict a range of stable policy outcomes under two proposed sets of voting rules: qualified majority voting (QMV), and a dual majority requiring a majority of the members states encompassing 60% of the EU's population. We show that the positions of the ten joining countries tend to fall outside of the range of stable outcomes under QMV, and even more so under the dual majority rule.

Research paper thumbnail of Politicizing Europe : political parties and the changing nature of public opinion about the EU /

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998. Includes bibliographical refe... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (p. 383-396). Photocopy.

Research paper thumbnail of Burying the Ghost of Degaulle: Anti Americanism and Ideology in France

This paper examines the shifting relationship between left-right ideology and Anti Americanism in... more This paper examines the shifting relationship between left-right ideology and Anti Americanism in France. Neo-Gaullist episodes such as French opposition to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 have only underscored the weakness of anti-Americanism on the French right, as this policy was least popular among the supporters of the center right UMP, and found more support on the left. Using data from party platforms, opinion surveys, and the speeches of political leaders, it traces the decline of right wing anti-Americanism in the French public, and the increasing alignment of anti-American attitudes with the left end of the left-right ideological dimension. This development is placed in the context of the increasing emphasis on neoliberal economic policy on the post-Gaullist right, and the use of the United States as a model for neoliberal economic policy.

Research paper thumbnail of The Ideological Structure of Mass Opinion About European Level Policymaking

Research paper thumbnail of Public Opinion, Socialization and Political Communication

Handbook of European Union Politics, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping the Norwegian Political Space: Some Findings from an Expert Survey

Research paper thumbnail of The Welfare State in Hard Times

Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, 1999

... The supply-side policies extended well beyond the usual general supply-side policies, such as... more ... The supply-side policies extended well beyond the usual general supply-side policies, such as education, infrastructure, cheap credit policies ... lier, along with adverse movement of relative prices of their export prod-ucts, put the Antipodean models of welfare state and wage ...

Research paper thumbnail of Chickens and eggs: Untangling the party electorate

Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Caroli... more Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 Leonard_ray@unc.edu ... The work of Ernie Haas is generally cited as a primary inspiration and example of this branch of integration theory ...

Research paper thumbnail of ecsa99p.rtf - Louisiana State University

Research paper thumbnail of The States in Federal Appellate Court: Litigation Trends Over Time

Justice System Journal - JUSTICE SYST J, 2002

The federal courts are one of the most important points of contact between the national governmen... more The federal courts are one of the most important points of contact between the national government and the states. Recent research has noted an increase in the proficiency of the states before the U.S. Supreme Court. We argue that the Courts of Appeals provide a more suitable set of cases for assessing the states' success before the federal bench. We find evidence of a dramatic increase since 1970 in the resources and activity of the state attorneys general, who are increasingly the initiators of appeals. However, contrary to findings at the Supreme Court, the overall success rate of the states before the federal bench has not increased. We also conclude that the caseload of attorneys general has become more political over time. As attorneys general broaden their focus from criminal to economic and civil matters, they act as political entrepreneurs rather than state-level district attorneys.

Research paper thumbnail of When Parties Matter: The Conditional Influence of Party Positions on Voter Opinions about European Integration

The Journal of Politics, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Capacity, Attitudes, and Case Attributes: The Differential Success of the States before the United States Courts of Appeals

State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 2005

In the past few decades, the states have gained more discretion over policy adoption and implemen... more In the past few decades, the states have gained more discretion over policy adoption and implementation. Some of this expanded discretion has resulted from federal court rulings, as the states have increasingly used these courts to achieve their policy goals. But some states are more successful in the federal courts than others. Why is this? We examine cases argued by states in the United States Courts of Appeals between 1970 and 1996 to answer this question. Contrary to research at the Supreme Court level, we find no overall trend that the states are becoming more efficacious in court over time. We also find that the differences among the states' success in court cannot be attributed simply, or even primarily, to disparities in resources. Rather, case attributes and judicial attitudes provide the best explanations for state success in the Courts of Appeals.

Research paper thumbnail of European Anti-Americanism and Choices for a European Defense Policy

PS: Political Science & Politics, 2007

Since the end of World War II, a strong transatlantic partnership has been a cornerstone of Weste... more Since the end of World War II, a strong transatlantic partnership has been a cornerstone of Western geopoliti-cal strategy. This does not mean that transatlantic relations have always been cordial. The North Atlantic Treaty Orga-nization (NATO) was beset by periodic crises and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Why We Give: Testing Economic and Social Psychological Accounts of Altruism

Polity, 1998

... Kristen Monroe, The Heart of Altruism: Perceptions of a Common Humanity (Princeton: Princeton... more ... Kristen Monroe, The Heart of Altruism: Perceptions of a Common Humanity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). ... "A calculating individual, realizing ... One of the most interesting findings from social psychological research on helping is the "bystander effect." Experimental ...

Research paper thumbnail of Taking on Tobacco: Policy Entrepreneurship and the Tobacco Litigation

Political Research Quarterly, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability. Edited by José María Maravall and Ignatio Sánchez-Cuenca. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 326p. <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>85.00</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">85.00 cloth, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">85.00</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>25.99 paper.Party Competition between Unequals: Strategies and Electoral Fortunes in Western Europe. By Bon...

Perspectives on Politics, 2009

... Chu perceives a parallel between the drop in authoritarian values in Taiwan prior to democrac... more ... Chu perceives a parallel between the drop in authoritarian values in Taiwan prior to democracy and the decline of authoritarian values in ... The first empirical chapter, by Belén Barreiro, uses cross-national data to show that voters in democracies do hold incumbents accountable ...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Effectiveness of Diplomatic Strategies: A Quantitative Analysis of U.S.-Soviet Interactions

Global Security and Intelligence Studies

Research paper thumbnail of Chickens and eggs: Untangling the party electorate

Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Caroli... more Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 Leonard_ray@unc.edu ... The work of Ernie Haas is generally cited as a primary inspiration and example of this branch of integration theory ...

Research paper thumbnail of A natural sentences approach to the computer coding of party manifestos

Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors, 2000

Research paper thumbnail of Intermediary Institutions and Information about the European Union

Much of the recent literature on public support for European integration assumes a fairly high le... more Much of the recent literature on public support for European integration assumes a fairly high level of sophistication on the part of European publics. In particular, individuals are presumed to have reasonably accurate perceptions of the costs and benefits of integration. This paper identifies the institutions such as political parties, labor unions, professional associations, and the news media which are used as sources of information about the European Union, and examines systematic differences in the subjective and objective levels of information among individuals relying on each major source of information. The results help to identify those individuals who are more likely to behave according to economic utility maximizing models, political cue taking theories, or hypotheses about media influence.

Research paper thumbnail of The Impacts of Voting Rules on Acceding EU Member States

We propose a framework by which to observe the consequences of enlargement of the European Union.... more We propose a framework by which to observe the consequences of enlargement of the European Union. We outline the sincere positions of the old and new EU members, using a one-dimensional spatial model to predict a range of stable policy outcomes under two proposed sets of voting rules: qualified majority voting (QMV), and a dual majority requiring a majority of the members states encompassing 60% of the EU's population. We show that the positions of the ten joining countries tend to fall outside of the range of stable outcomes under QMV, and even more so under the dual majority rule.

Research paper thumbnail of Politicizing Europe : political parties and the changing nature of public opinion about the EU /

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998. Includes bibliographical refe... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998. Includes bibliographical references (p. 383-396). Photocopy.

Research paper thumbnail of Burying the Ghost of Degaulle: Anti Americanism and Ideology in France

This paper examines the shifting relationship between left-right ideology and Anti Americanism in... more This paper examines the shifting relationship between left-right ideology and Anti Americanism in France. Neo-Gaullist episodes such as French opposition to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 have only underscored the weakness of anti-Americanism on the French right, as this policy was least popular among the supporters of the center right UMP, and found more support on the left. Using data from party platforms, opinion surveys, and the speeches of political leaders, it traces the decline of right wing anti-Americanism in the French public, and the increasing alignment of anti-American attitudes with the left end of the left-right ideological dimension. This development is placed in the context of the increasing emphasis on neoliberal economic policy on the post-Gaullist right, and the use of the United States as a model for neoliberal economic policy.

Research paper thumbnail of The Ideological Structure of Mass Opinion About European Level Policymaking

Research paper thumbnail of Public Opinion, Socialization and Political Communication

Handbook of European Union Politics, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of Mapping the Norwegian Political Space: Some Findings from an Expert Survey

Research paper thumbnail of The Welfare State in Hard Times

Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, 1999

... The supply-side policies extended well beyond the usual general supply-side policies, such as... more ... The supply-side policies extended well beyond the usual general supply-side policies, such as education, infrastructure, cheap credit policies ... lier, along with adverse movement of relative prices of their export prod-ucts, put the Antipodean models of welfare state and wage ...

Research paper thumbnail of Chickens and eggs: Untangling the party electorate

Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Caroli... more Chickens and Eggs: Untangling the Party Electorate Link By Leonard Ray University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 Leonard_ray@unc.edu ... The work of Ernie Haas is generally cited as a primary inspiration and example of this branch of integration theory ...

Research paper thumbnail of ecsa99p.rtf - Louisiana State University

Research paper thumbnail of The States in Federal Appellate Court: Litigation Trends Over Time

Justice System Journal - JUSTICE SYST J, 2002

The federal courts are one of the most important points of contact between the national governmen... more The federal courts are one of the most important points of contact between the national government and the states. Recent research has noted an increase in the proficiency of the states before the U.S. Supreme Court. We argue that the Courts of Appeals provide a more suitable set of cases for assessing the states' success before the federal bench. We find evidence of a dramatic increase since 1970 in the resources and activity of the state attorneys general, who are increasingly the initiators of appeals. However, contrary to findings at the Supreme Court, the overall success rate of the states before the federal bench has not increased. We also conclude that the caseload of attorneys general has become more political over time. As attorneys general broaden their focus from criminal to economic and civil matters, they act as political entrepreneurs rather than state-level district attorneys.

Research paper thumbnail of When Parties Matter: The Conditional Influence of Party Positions on Voter Opinions about European Integration

The Journal of Politics, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Capacity, Attitudes, and Case Attributes: The Differential Success of the States before the United States Courts of Appeals

State Politics & Policy Quarterly, 2005

In the past few decades, the states have gained more discretion over policy adoption and implemen... more In the past few decades, the states have gained more discretion over policy adoption and implementation. Some of this expanded discretion has resulted from federal court rulings, as the states have increasingly used these courts to achieve their policy goals. But some states are more successful in the federal courts than others. Why is this? We examine cases argued by states in the United States Courts of Appeals between 1970 and 1996 to answer this question. Contrary to research at the Supreme Court level, we find no overall trend that the states are becoming more efficacious in court over time. We also find that the differences among the states' success in court cannot be attributed simply, or even primarily, to disparities in resources. Rather, case attributes and judicial attitudes provide the best explanations for state success in the Courts of Appeals.

Research paper thumbnail of European Anti-Americanism and Choices for a European Defense Policy

PS: Political Science & Politics, 2007

Since the end of World War II, a strong transatlantic partnership has been a cornerstone of Weste... more Since the end of World War II, a strong transatlantic partnership has been a cornerstone of Western geopoliti-cal strategy. This does not mean that transatlantic relations have always been cordial. The North Atlantic Treaty Orga-nization (NATO) was beset by periodic crises and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Why We Give: Testing Economic and Social Psychological Accounts of Altruism

Polity, 1998

... Kristen Monroe, The Heart of Altruism: Perceptions of a Common Humanity (Princeton: Princeton... more ... Kristen Monroe, The Heart of Altruism: Perceptions of a Common Humanity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). ... "A calculating individual, realizing ... One of the most interesting findings from social psychological research on helping is the "bystander effect." Experimental ...

Research paper thumbnail of Taking on Tobacco: Policy Entrepreneurship and the Tobacco Litigation

Political Research Quarterly, 2001

Research paper thumbnail of Controlling Governments: Voters, Institutions, and Accountability. Edited by José María Maravall and Ignatio Sánchez-Cuenca. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 326p. <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>85.00</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">85.00 cloth, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">85.00</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>25.99 paper.Party Competition between Unequals: Strategies and Electoral Fortunes in Western Europe. By Bon...

Perspectives on Politics, 2009

... Chu perceives a parallel between the drop in authoritarian values in Taiwan prior to democrac... more ... Chu perceives a parallel between the drop in authoritarian values in Taiwan prior to democracy and the decline of authoritarian values in ... The first empirical chapter, by Belén Barreiro, uses cross-national data to show that voters in democracies do hold incumbents accountable ...