Nirdesh Baidhya | Pokhara University (original) (raw)

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Research paper thumbnail of Health Problems of Nepalese Migrant Workers and Their Access to Healthcare Services in three countries of Middle East

Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Aug 29, 2020

Background: Migrants' health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major... more Background: Migrants' health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major destination for abroad job among Nepalese workers. This study carried out to identify the health problems among migrant workers and their access to health care in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar of Middle East. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; carried out among 480 returnee migrant workers who have given consent for the study. Data were collected at Tribhuvan International Airport (October 2018) using pretested structured interview schedule after taking approval from Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara University. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Percentage, mean/median, standard deviation, Chi square test and logistic regression performed. Results: Majority of the returnee migrants workers were male (95.0%) and their mean age was 32.38±5.54 years. Almost ten percent of the participants suffered from at least one health problem during their stay in Middle East; among them, respiratory problems were common (35.6%). Almost all participants (99.6%) had health policy to take care of migrant workers and 93.5 percent participants had health insurance coverage. Female workers (AOR 4.34; CI: 1.54-12.19), and migrants who worked for additional benefits (AOR 2.17; CI: 1.11-4.25) had significantly higher prevalence of health problems than their counterparts (P<0.05). Conclusion: Almost ten percent migrant workers had at least one health problem during their stay in Saudi Arabia, UAE and Qatar. Almost all workers had the access to health care in Middle East countries. Female workers and the workers who performed additional work (over time) were at higher risk of the health problems. Universal coverage of quality health care for migrant workers in abroad and mainstreaming the route of permission for work is recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls Studying in Technical Schools of Dang, Nepal

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, May 14, 2020

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety a... more Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety and embarrassment among female adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea worldwide ranges 15.8-89.5%, with higher prevalence rates reported among adolescent female. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among adolescent girls studying in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) at Ghorahi Sub-metro Politian Dang, Nepal. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February, 2019 to August, 2019 among adolescent girls in technical schools of Dang, Nepal. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 452 adolescent girls and only 375 adolescent girls were included in the study. Census method was adopted. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data (version 3.1) and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multi variable analyses were carried out. Binary logistic regression model were computed and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. All ethical procedures were considered. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 75.2%, among them half of the respondents experienced moderate pain (50.7%), followed by mild (26.6%) and severe (22.7%). Family history of dysmenorrhea, AOR (95% CI) = 7.657 (4.036, 14.528), early menarche AOR (95% CI) = 15.662 (7.583, 32.351), underweight AOR (95% CI) = 0.361 (0.149, 0.874) had statistically significant association with the dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Three-quarters of the adolescent girls experienced dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls is associated with family history, early menarche, whereas underweight was found to be protective factors for the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. All girls entering into menarchhe should be oriented with dysmenorrhea management practices to maintain physical, physiological and psycho-social health.

Research paper thumbnail of Histopathological study of cystoscopic bladder biopsies

Journal of Pathology of Nepal, 2015

Background: Urinary bladder diseases constitute an important source of clinical signs and symptom... more Background: Urinary bladder diseases constitute an important source of clinical signs and symptoms which are more disabling than lethal. The prevalence of bladder tumor in developed countries is approximately six times higher compared with that in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out various lesions in urinary bladder biopsies and its frequencies. Materials and methods: This was a five year retrospective study from January 2008 to December 2013, carried out at B&B Hospital, Lalitpur. All the relevant data of 324 patients who had undergone cystoscopic biopsy of urinary bladder were included in the study. All blocks were retrieved and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and examined under light microscope. Results: The spectrum of pathological lesions included inflammations and tumors. Non-neoplastic lesions were predominant (61.11%) followed by Transitional cell tumors accounted for 124 cases (38.27%). Non-neoplastic lesions comprises of cystitis and tuberculosis. Papillary urothelial neoplasms was the most common tumors seen in this study with 55 low grade, and 54 high grade Papillary urothelial carcinoma according to recent WHO grading. Single cases each of adenocarcinoma and paraganglioma were diagnosed. Conclusion: Cystoscopic biopsies help in the early diagnosis and treatment of various bladder lesions. Analysis of cystoscopic biopsies was done to ascertain the type of urinary bladder lesions in our country.

Research paper thumbnail of Adopting social health insurance in Nepal: A mixed study

Frontiers in Public Health

ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, an... more ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, and is also key to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health equity. The Government of Nepal launched SHIP in the Fiscal Year 2015/16 for the first phase in three districts, on the principle of financial risk protection through prepayment and risk pooling in health care. Furthermore, the adoption of the program depends on the stakeholders' behaviors, mainly, the beneficiaries and the providers. Therefore, we aimed to explore and assess their perception and experiences regarding various factors acting on SHIP enrollment and adherence.MethodsA cross-sectional, facility-based, concurrent mixed-methods study was carried out in seven health facilities in the Kailali, Baglung, and Ilam districts of Nepal. A total of 822 beneficiaries, sampled using probability proportional to size (PPS), attending health care institutions, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire for quantitative d...

Research paper thumbnail of Adopting social health insurance in Nepal: A mixed study

Frontiers in Public Health

ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, an... more ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, and is also key to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health equity. The Government of Nepal launched SHIP in the Fiscal Year 2015/16 for the first phase in three districts, on the principle of financial risk protection through prepayment and risk pooling in health care. Furthermore, the adoption of the program depends on the stakeholders' behaviors, mainly, the beneficiaries and the providers. Therefore, we aimed to explore and assess their perception and experiences regarding various factors acting on SHIP enrollment and adherence.MethodsA cross-sectional, facility-based, concurrent mixed-methods study was carried out in seven health facilities in the Kailali, Baglung, and Ilam districts of Nepal. A total of 822 beneficiaries, sampled using probability proportional to size (PPS), attending health care institutions, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire for quantitative d...

Research paper thumbnail of Health Problems of Nepalese Migrant Workers and Their Access to Healthcare Services in three countries of Middle East

Background: Migrants’ health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major... more Background: Migrants’ health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major destination for abroad job among Nepalese workers. This study carried out to identify the health problems among migrant workers and their access to health care in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar of Middle East. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; carried out among 480 returnee migrant workers who have given consent for the study. Data were collected at Tribhuvan International Airport (October 2018) using pretested structured interview schedule after taking approval from Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara University. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Percentage, mean/median, standard deviation, Chi square test and logistic regression performed. Results: Majority of the returnee migrants workers were male (95.0%) and their mean age was 32.38±5.54 years. Almost ten percent of the participants suffered from at least one health problem during their s...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls Studying in Technical Schools of Dang, Nepal

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety a... more Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety and embarrassment among female adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea worldwide ranges 15.8-89.5%, with higher prevalence rates reported among adolescent female. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among adolescent girls studying in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) at Ghorahi Sub-metro Politian Dang, Nepal. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February, 2019 to August, 2019 among adolescent girls in technical schools of Dang, Nepal. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 452 adolescent girls and only 375 adolescent girls were included in the study. Census method was adopted. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data (version 3.1) and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multi variable analyses...

Research paper thumbnail of Health Problems of Nepalese Migrant Workers and Their Access to Healthcare Services in three countries of Middle East

Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Aug 29, 2020

Background: Migrants' health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major... more Background: Migrants' health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major destination for abroad job among Nepalese workers. This study carried out to identify the health problems among migrant workers and their access to health care in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar of Middle East. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; carried out among 480 returnee migrant workers who have given consent for the study. Data were collected at Tribhuvan International Airport (October 2018) using pretested structured interview schedule after taking approval from Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara University. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Percentage, mean/median, standard deviation, Chi square test and logistic regression performed. Results: Majority of the returnee migrants workers were male (95.0%) and their mean age was 32.38±5.54 years. Almost ten percent of the participants suffered from at least one health problem during their stay in Middle East; among them, respiratory problems were common (35.6%). Almost all participants (99.6%) had health policy to take care of migrant workers and 93.5 percent participants had health insurance coverage. Female workers (AOR 4.34; CI: 1.54-12.19), and migrants who worked for additional benefits (AOR 2.17; CI: 1.11-4.25) had significantly higher prevalence of health problems than their counterparts (P<0.05). Conclusion: Almost ten percent migrant workers had at least one health problem during their stay in Saudi Arabia, UAE and Qatar. Almost all workers had the access to health care in Middle East countries. Female workers and the workers who performed additional work (over time) were at higher risk of the health problems. Universal coverage of quality health care for migrant workers in abroad and mainstreaming the route of permission for work is recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls Studying in Technical Schools of Dang, Nepal

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, May 14, 2020

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety a... more Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety and embarrassment among female adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea worldwide ranges 15.8-89.5%, with higher prevalence rates reported among adolescent female. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among adolescent girls studying in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) at Ghorahi Sub-metro Politian Dang, Nepal. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February, 2019 to August, 2019 among adolescent girls in technical schools of Dang, Nepal. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 452 adolescent girls and only 375 adolescent girls were included in the study. Census method was adopted. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data (version 3.1) and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multi variable analyses were carried out. Binary logistic regression model were computed and P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. All ethical procedures were considered. Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 75.2%, among them half of the respondents experienced moderate pain (50.7%), followed by mild (26.6%) and severe (22.7%). Family history of dysmenorrhea, AOR (95% CI) = 7.657 (4.036, 14.528), early menarche AOR (95% CI) = 15.662 (7.583, 32.351), underweight AOR (95% CI) = 0.361 (0.149, 0.874) had statistically significant association with the dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Three-quarters of the adolescent girls experienced dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls is associated with family history, early menarche, whereas underweight was found to be protective factors for the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. All girls entering into menarchhe should be oriented with dysmenorrhea management practices to maintain physical, physiological and psycho-social health.

Research paper thumbnail of Histopathological study of cystoscopic bladder biopsies

Journal of Pathology of Nepal, 2015

Background: Urinary bladder diseases constitute an important source of clinical signs and symptom... more Background: Urinary bladder diseases constitute an important source of clinical signs and symptoms which are more disabling than lethal. The prevalence of bladder tumor in developed countries is approximately six times higher compared with that in developing countries. The aim of this study was to find out various lesions in urinary bladder biopsies and its frequencies. Materials and methods: This was a five year retrospective study from January 2008 to December 2013, carried out at B&B Hospital, Lalitpur. All the relevant data of 324 patients who had undergone cystoscopic biopsy of urinary bladder were included in the study. All blocks were retrieved and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and examined under light microscope. Results: The spectrum of pathological lesions included inflammations and tumors. Non-neoplastic lesions were predominant (61.11%) followed by Transitional cell tumors accounted for 124 cases (38.27%). Non-neoplastic lesions comprises of cystitis and tuberculosis. Papillary urothelial neoplasms was the most common tumors seen in this study with 55 low grade, and 54 high grade Papillary urothelial carcinoma according to recent WHO grading. Single cases each of adenocarcinoma and paraganglioma were diagnosed. Conclusion: Cystoscopic biopsies help in the early diagnosis and treatment of various bladder lesions. Analysis of cystoscopic biopsies was done to ascertain the type of urinary bladder lesions in our country.

Research paper thumbnail of Adopting social health insurance in Nepal: A mixed study

Frontiers in Public Health

ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, an... more ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, and is also key to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health equity. The Government of Nepal launched SHIP in the Fiscal Year 2015/16 for the first phase in three districts, on the principle of financial risk protection through prepayment and risk pooling in health care. Furthermore, the adoption of the program depends on the stakeholders' behaviors, mainly, the beneficiaries and the providers. Therefore, we aimed to explore and assess their perception and experiences regarding various factors acting on SHIP enrollment and adherence.MethodsA cross-sectional, facility-based, concurrent mixed-methods study was carried out in seven health facilities in the Kailali, Baglung, and Ilam districts of Nepal. A total of 822 beneficiaries, sampled using probability proportional to size (PPS), attending health care institutions, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire for quantitative d...

Research paper thumbnail of Adopting social health insurance in Nepal: A mixed study

Frontiers in Public Health

ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, an... more ObjectiveThe Social Health Insurance Program (SHIP) shares a major portion of social security, and is also key to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health equity. The Government of Nepal launched SHIP in the Fiscal Year 2015/16 for the first phase in three districts, on the principle of financial risk protection through prepayment and risk pooling in health care. Furthermore, the adoption of the program depends on the stakeholders' behaviors, mainly, the beneficiaries and the providers. Therefore, we aimed to explore and assess their perception and experiences regarding various factors acting on SHIP enrollment and adherence.MethodsA cross-sectional, facility-based, concurrent mixed-methods study was carried out in seven health facilities in the Kailali, Baglung, and Ilam districts of Nepal. A total of 822 beneficiaries, sampled using probability proportional to size (PPS), attending health care institutions, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire for quantitative d...

Research paper thumbnail of Health Problems of Nepalese Migrant Workers and Their Access to Healthcare Services in three countries of Middle East

Background: Migrants’ health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major... more Background: Migrants’ health is a global public health issue. Middle East countries are the major destination for abroad job among Nepalese workers. This study carried out to identify the health problems among migrant workers and their access to health care in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Qatar of Middle East. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; carried out among 480 returnee migrant workers who have given consent for the study. Data were collected at Tribhuvan International Airport (October 2018) using pretested structured interview schedule after taking approval from Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara University. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Percentage, mean/median, standard deviation, Chi square test and logistic regression performed. Results: Majority of the returnee migrants workers were male (95.0%) and their mean age was 32.38±5.54 years. Almost ten percent of the participants suffered from at least one health problem during their s...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls Studying in Technical Schools of Dang, Nepal

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety a... more Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological disorder and more often a cause of shame, anxiety and embarrassment among female adolescents. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea worldwide ranges 15.8-89.5%, with higher prevalence rates reported among adolescent female. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among adolescent girls studying in Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) at Ghorahi Sub-metro Politian Dang, Nepal. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February, 2019 to August, 2019 among adolescent girls in technical schools of Dang, Nepal. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 452 adolescent girls and only 375 adolescent girls were included in the study. Census method was adopted. Data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data (version 3.1) and transferred to SPSS (version 20) for analysis. Univariate, bivariate and multi variable analyses...