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articles by Vincenzo Cirimele
The present paper proposes the use of the opposition method to evaluate the performance of a wire... more The present paper proposes the use of the opposition method to evaluate the performance of a wireless power transfer system. The work is focused on the effect related to the insertion of conductive or ferromagnetic components that are materials typically adopted in the realization of this kind of systems.
The paper discusses the development status of the inductive power transmission for automotive app... more The paper discusses the development status of the inductive power transmission for automotive applications. This technology is, in fact, gaining the interest of electric vehicle manufacturers as an effective strategy to improve the market penetration of electric mobility. Starting from the origin of this technology, the paper presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art as well as the current research and industrial projects. Particular attention is devoted to the description of a prototypal system for the dynamic inductive power transmission whose goal is to extend the battery range by a fast partial recharging during the movement of the vehicle.
Among the different welding technologies, portable welding guns are one of the most critical devi... more Among the different welding technologies, portable welding guns are one of the most critical devices in relation to human exposure to electromagnetic fields. This paper focuses on medium frequency direct current guns proposing two actions aimed to the mitigation of the magnetic field generated during the welding process. The first action consists in the adoption of a passive shield for the on-board medium frequency transformer. The analysis points out that the transformer alone produces a magnetic field that can exceed the prescribed limits. Therefore, a suitable mitigation system is identified. The second action aims to mitigate the predominant magnetic field that is generated by the electrodes of the welding gun. The analysis of the field waveforms shows that the rise time of the welding current pulse is the main parameter affecting the exposure index. The effect of the increase of the rise time is investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. The results prove that a small increase of the rise time causes a significant reduction of the exposure level. It is noteworthy that the two mitigation actions can be adopted on both existing and newly developed welding guns as they do not require any structural modification of the welding device.
The paper proposes the development of a set of rules for the resizing of inductive power transfer... more The paper proposes the development of a set of rules for the resizing of inductive power transfer systems with particular attention to the ones dedicated to the charge of electric vehicles. These rules aim at the construction of down-scaled prototypes allowing the study and the design with benefits in terms of costs, time consumption and flexibility. The theoretical results are experimentally validated by comparing a 1.1 kW system with its down-scaled version.
This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These ma... more This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These magnetic structures are made of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic poles in relative motion transferring torque between two shafts in a contactless way. The loss computation in magnetic materials is crucial to define the system performance. The flux distribution inside the iron parts is computed by means of the finite element method and a model of iron losses taking into account the rotational nature of the flux loci is applied. The procedure highlights where the major loss sources are present and gives the opportunity to evaluate some corrective measures to reduce their effects. Particular attention is devoted to the 2D modeling in presence of permanent magnets segmentation.
This paper proposes the study of a magnetic gear by means of multi-objective optimisation. Magnet... more This paper proposes the study of a magnetic gear by means of multi-objective optimisation. Magnetic gears are structures able to transfer motion between two or more mechanical axles with a given speed ratio. In this aspect they are analogous to a classical mechanical gear but they allow to transfer motion without contact between the moving parts. To replace a standard mechanical gear in an automotive powertrain, the design of a magnetic gear able to transfer the torque needed by the application is required. At the same time, beside the torque, the replacement of the mechanical gear should not alter the dynamic of the powertrain so that also mechanical parameters, as for instance the moment of inertia , must be considered in the design. To cope with these requirements, a multi-objective optimisation approach is proposed that maximises the transmitted torque per unit mass of the magnetic gear while minimising the moment of inertia of the moving parts. Due to the computational intensive evaluation of the magnetic performance, the optimisation is carried out by a deterministic optimisation algorithm coupled to a weighted sum approach of objectives. Results are discussed and compared with those of a commercial application.
In this paper, starting from the experimental experience of the road embedment of a transmitting ... more In this paper, starting from the experimental experience of the road embedment of a transmitting coil for wireless power transfer, a numerical model of such device is constructed. The model is then used to perform several parametric analyses which aim at investigating the influence of the main electromagnetic parameters of the concrete and the geometrical parameters of the wireless power transfer on the overall behavior of the device. The results of such study allow for providing guidelines for the design of the coil and the choice of the materials for the embedment. Moreover, as a secondary result of the adopted methodology, the electromagnetic characterization of the concrete adopted for the road embedment is obtained.
The paper proposes a technique for the control of the charging process in a dynamic inductive pow... more The paper proposes a technique for the control of the charging process in a dynamic inductive power transfer system for automotive applications. This technique is based on an impedance control loop on the receiver side. The proposed control allows to carry out the different phases of the charging process in absence of a communication link between ground and vehicle side. The charging process starts with a sensorless procedure for the identification of the actual presence of the vehicle over the receiver. The same control technique introduces several advantages in terms of interoperability between systems having different requirements in terms of power demand. A 11 kW prototype has been implemented based on a transmitter 1.5 meters long as compromise solution between the long track coil and the lumped one. The power management of the receiver side is provided by a nine-phase interleaved boost converter. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control together with a good matching with the developed theoretical equations set for the system description. Index Terms—Dynamic charging, electric vehicle (EV), inductive power transfer (IPT).
This paper proposes a methodology for the assessment of the human exposure to magnetic fields gen... more This paper proposes a methodology for the assessment of the human exposure to magnetic fields generated by dynamic inductive power transfer systems for automotive applications. Since the magnetic field is pulsed, current safety standards and guidelines require the use of time-domain approaches to evaluate the peak exposure which has to be limited under the prescribed limits. This paper shows that, for these kind of systems, the peak exposure can be efficiently evaluated by means of a time-harmonic formulation. Furthermore, a methodology to identify the worst case scenario is proposed.
inproceedings by Vincenzo Cirimele
Papers by Vincenzo Cirimele
Energies, 2022
This article proposes a dual-active-bridge control to support the fast synthetic inertial action ... more This article proposes a dual-active-bridge control to support the fast synthetic inertial action in DC microgrids. First of all, the selection of the isolated DC/DC converter to link an energy storage system with the DC bus in a microgrid is analyzed and the advantages of the dual-active-bridge converter controlled by a single-phase shift modulation justify its selection. An active front-end can be then adapted to connect the DC bus with an AC grid. Secondly, this paper presents the design of a discrete PI controller for supporting fast synthetic inertial action. In particular, a discrete dual-active-bridge model based on the transferred power between both converter bridges, which overcomes the approximations of the output current linearization model, is proposed. Moreover, the article introduces a novel equation set to directly and dynamically tune discrete PI parameters to fulfill the design frequency specifications based on the inversion formulae method. In this way, during the v...
Electronics, 2022
Trolleybus systems are resurfacing as a steppingstone to carbon-neutral urban transport. With an ... more Trolleybus systems are resurfacing as a steppingstone to carbon-neutral urban transport. With an eye on smart city evolution, the study and simulation of a proper monitoring system for trolleybus infrastructures will be essential. This paper merges the authors’ engineering knowledge and sources available in the literature on designing and modeling catenary-based electric traction networks and performs a critical review of them to lay the foundations for proposing possible optimal alternatives. A novel multi-vehicle motion-based model of the DC catenary system is then devised and simulated in Matlab-Simulink, which could prove useful in predicting possible technical obstacles arising from the next-future introduction of smart electric traction grids, inevitably featuring greater morphological intricacy. The modularity property characterizing the created model allows an accurate, detailed, and flexible simulation of sophisticated catenary systems. By means of graphical and numerical r...
The work presents a procedure to optimise a mixed passive and active shielding. The shielding con... more The work presents a procedure to optimise a mixed passive and active shielding. The shielding concerns a building in proximity of a high voltage overhead line. This condition often arises in the reality. For Italian legislation, if the building is located at a distance that does not guarantee the respect of the limits on the magnetic flux density, the use of such building is not authorised for stays longer than 4 hours per day. In the case of overhead lines, the line operator can install a shielding acting directly on the source at the cost of difficult and expensive modifications to the pylons. The most feasible solution is to perform a shielding of the building which is generally passive and very rarely active. The selection of one or the other type of shielding is generally linked to factors external to the purely technical ones. This paper presents an optimised design of a shielding based on the use of both technologies. The search of the optimal condition has been based on perf...
2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2020
This paper presents a three-phase coil topology for high-power static WPT. With respect to a sing... more This paper presents a three-phase coil topology for high-power static WPT. With respect to a single-phase system, the proposed topology allows to increase the volume power density while reducing the magnetic stray field and the weight of the filtering elements of the power electronics on board. This topology is applied to the design of a 100 kW-85 kHz system whose performances are highlighted through the comparison with an equivalent single-phase system transferring the same power at the same frequency.
The present paper proposes the use of the opposition method to evaluate the performance of a wire... more The present paper proposes the use of the opposition method to evaluate the performance of a wireless power transfer system. The work is focused on the effect related to the insertion of conductive or ferromagnetic components that are materials typically adopted in the realization of this kind of systems.
The paper discusses the development status of the inductive power transmission for automotive app... more The paper discusses the development status of the inductive power transmission for automotive applications. This technology is, in fact, gaining the interest of electric vehicle manufacturers as an effective strategy to improve the market penetration of electric mobility. Starting from the origin of this technology, the paper presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art as well as the current research and industrial projects. Particular attention is devoted to the description of a prototypal system for the dynamic inductive power transmission whose goal is to extend the battery range by a fast partial recharging during the movement of the vehicle.
Among the different welding technologies, portable welding guns are one of the most critical devi... more Among the different welding technologies, portable welding guns are one of the most critical devices in relation to human exposure to electromagnetic fields. This paper focuses on medium frequency direct current guns proposing two actions aimed to the mitigation of the magnetic field generated during the welding process. The first action consists in the adoption of a passive shield for the on-board medium frequency transformer. The analysis points out that the transformer alone produces a magnetic field that can exceed the prescribed limits. Therefore, a suitable mitigation system is identified. The second action aims to mitigate the predominant magnetic field that is generated by the electrodes of the welding gun. The analysis of the field waveforms shows that the rise time of the welding current pulse is the main parameter affecting the exposure index. The effect of the increase of the rise time is investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. The results prove that a small increase of the rise time causes a significant reduction of the exposure level. It is noteworthy that the two mitigation actions can be adopted on both existing and newly developed welding guns as they do not require any structural modification of the welding device.
The paper proposes the development of a set of rules for the resizing of inductive power transfer... more The paper proposes the development of a set of rules for the resizing of inductive power transfer systems with particular attention to the ones dedicated to the charge of electric vehicles. These rules aim at the construction of down-scaled prototypes allowing the study and the design with benefits in terms of costs, time consumption and flexibility. The theoretical results are experimentally validated by comparing a 1.1 kW system with its down-scaled version.
This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These ma... more This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These magnetic structures are made of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic poles in relative motion transferring torque between two shafts in a contactless way. The loss computation in magnetic materials is crucial to define the system performance. The flux distribution inside the iron parts is computed by means of the finite element method and a model of iron losses taking into account the rotational nature of the flux loci is applied. The procedure highlights where the major loss sources are present and gives the opportunity to evaluate some corrective measures to reduce their effects. Particular attention is devoted to the 2D modeling in presence of permanent magnets segmentation.
This paper proposes the study of a magnetic gear by means of multi-objective optimisation. Magnet... more This paper proposes the study of a magnetic gear by means of multi-objective optimisation. Magnetic gears are structures able to transfer motion between two or more mechanical axles with a given speed ratio. In this aspect they are analogous to a classical mechanical gear but they allow to transfer motion without contact between the moving parts. To replace a standard mechanical gear in an automotive powertrain, the design of a magnetic gear able to transfer the torque needed by the application is required. At the same time, beside the torque, the replacement of the mechanical gear should not alter the dynamic of the powertrain so that also mechanical parameters, as for instance the moment of inertia , must be considered in the design. To cope with these requirements, a multi-objective optimisation approach is proposed that maximises the transmitted torque per unit mass of the magnetic gear while minimising the moment of inertia of the moving parts. Due to the computational intensive evaluation of the magnetic performance, the optimisation is carried out by a deterministic optimisation algorithm coupled to a weighted sum approach of objectives. Results are discussed and compared with those of a commercial application.
In this paper, starting from the experimental experience of the road embedment of a transmitting ... more In this paper, starting from the experimental experience of the road embedment of a transmitting coil for wireless power transfer, a numerical model of such device is constructed. The model is then used to perform several parametric analyses which aim at investigating the influence of the main electromagnetic parameters of the concrete and the geometrical parameters of the wireless power transfer on the overall behavior of the device. The results of such study allow for providing guidelines for the design of the coil and the choice of the materials for the embedment. Moreover, as a secondary result of the adopted methodology, the electromagnetic characterization of the concrete adopted for the road embedment is obtained.
The paper proposes a technique for the control of the charging process in a dynamic inductive pow... more The paper proposes a technique for the control of the charging process in a dynamic inductive power transfer system for automotive applications. This technique is based on an impedance control loop on the receiver side. The proposed control allows to carry out the different phases of the charging process in absence of a communication link between ground and vehicle side. The charging process starts with a sensorless procedure for the identification of the actual presence of the vehicle over the receiver. The same control technique introduces several advantages in terms of interoperability between systems having different requirements in terms of power demand. A 11 kW prototype has been implemented based on a transmitter 1.5 meters long as compromise solution between the long track coil and the lumped one. The power management of the receiver side is provided by a nine-phase interleaved boost converter. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control together with a good matching with the developed theoretical equations set for the system description. Index Terms—Dynamic charging, electric vehicle (EV), inductive power transfer (IPT).
This paper proposes a methodology for the assessment of the human exposure to magnetic fields gen... more This paper proposes a methodology for the assessment of the human exposure to magnetic fields generated by dynamic inductive power transfer systems for automotive applications. Since the magnetic field is pulsed, current safety standards and guidelines require the use of time-domain approaches to evaluate the peak exposure which has to be limited under the prescribed limits. This paper shows that, for these kind of systems, the peak exposure can be efficiently evaluated by means of a time-harmonic formulation. Furthermore, a methodology to identify the worst case scenario is proposed.
Energies, 2022
This article proposes a dual-active-bridge control to support the fast synthetic inertial action ... more This article proposes a dual-active-bridge control to support the fast synthetic inertial action in DC microgrids. First of all, the selection of the isolated DC/DC converter to link an energy storage system with the DC bus in a microgrid is analyzed and the advantages of the dual-active-bridge converter controlled by a single-phase shift modulation justify its selection. An active front-end can be then adapted to connect the DC bus with an AC grid. Secondly, this paper presents the design of a discrete PI controller for supporting fast synthetic inertial action. In particular, a discrete dual-active-bridge model based on the transferred power between both converter bridges, which overcomes the approximations of the output current linearization model, is proposed. Moreover, the article introduces a novel equation set to directly and dynamically tune discrete PI parameters to fulfill the design frequency specifications based on the inversion formulae method. In this way, during the v...
Electronics, 2022
Trolleybus systems are resurfacing as a steppingstone to carbon-neutral urban transport. With an ... more Trolleybus systems are resurfacing as a steppingstone to carbon-neutral urban transport. With an eye on smart city evolution, the study and simulation of a proper monitoring system for trolleybus infrastructures will be essential. This paper merges the authors’ engineering knowledge and sources available in the literature on designing and modeling catenary-based electric traction networks and performs a critical review of them to lay the foundations for proposing possible optimal alternatives. A novel multi-vehicle motion-based model of the DC catenary system is then devised and simulated in Matlab-Simulink, which could prove useful in predicting possible technical obstacles arising from the next-future introduction of smart electric traction grids, inevitably featuring greater morphological intricacy. The modularity property characterizing the created model allows an accurate, detailed, and flexible simulation of sophisticated catenary systems. By means of graphical and numerical r...
The work presents a procedure to optimise a mixed passive and active shielding. The shielding con... more The work presents a procedure to optimise a mixed passive and active shielding. The shielding concerns a building in proximity of a high voltage overhead line. This condition often arises in the reality. For Italian legislation, if the building is located at a distance that does not guarantee the respect of the limits on the magnetic flux density, the use of such building is not authorised for stays longer than 4 hours per day. In the case of overhead lines, the line operator can install a shielding acting directly on the source at the cost of difficult and expensive modifications to the pylons. The most feasible solution is to perform a shielding of the building which is generally passive and very rarely active. The selection of one or the other type of shielding is generally linked to factors external to the purely technical ones. This paper presents an optimised design of a shielding based on the use of both technologies. The search of the optimal condition has been based on perf...
2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2020
This paper presents a three-phase coil topology for high-power static WPT. With respect to a sing... more This paper presents a three-phase coil topology for high-power static WPT. With respect to a single-phase system, the proposed topology allows to increase the volume power density while reducing the magnetic stray field and the weight of the filtering elements of the power electronics on board. This topology is applied to the design of a 100 kW-85 kHz system whose performances are highlighted through the comparison with an equivalent single-phase system transferring the same power at the same frequency.
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2019
Electronics, 2019
This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These ma... more This paper proposes a procedure for computing magnetic losses in coaxial magnetic gears. These magnetic structures are made of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic poles in relative motion transferring torque between two shafts in a contactless way. The loss computation in magnetic materials is crucial to define the system performance. The flux distribution inside the iron parts is computed by means of the finite element method and a model of iron losses taking into account the rotational nature of the flux loci is applied. The procedure highlights where the major loss sources are present and gives the opportunity to evaluate some corrective measures to reduce their effects. Particular attention is devoted to the 2D modeling in presence of permanent magnets segmentation.
Energies, 2019
In this paper, starting from the experimental experience of the road embedment of a transmitting ... more In this paper, starting from the experimental experience of the road embedment of a transmitting coil for wireless power transfer, a numerical model of such device is constructed. The model is then used to perform several parametric analyses which aim at investigating the influence of the main electromagnetic parameters of the concrete and the geometrical parameters of the wireless power transfer on the overall behavior of the device. The results of such study allow for providing guidelines for the design of the coil and the choice of the materials for the embedment. Moreover, as a secondary result of the adopted methodology, the electromagnetic characterization of the concrete adopted for the road embedment is obtained.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018
IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2018
Among the different welding technologies, portable welding guns are one of the most critical devi... more Among the different welding technologies, portable welding guns are one of the most critical devices in relation to human exposure to electromagnetic fields. This paper focuses on medium frequency (MF) direct current guns proposing two actions aimed to the mitigation of the magnetic field generated during the welding process. The first action consists in the adoption of a passive shield for the on-board MF transformer. The analysis points out that the transformer alone produces a magnetic field that can exceed the prescribed limits. Therefore, a suitable mitigation system is identified. The second action aims to mitigate the predominant magnetic field that is generated by the electrodes of the welding gun. The analysis of the field waveforms shows that the rise time of the welding current pulse is the main parameter affecting the exposure index. The effect of the increase of the rise time is investigated through experimental and numerical analyses. The results prove that a small increase of the rise time causes a significant reduction of the exposure level. It is noteworthy that the two mitigation actions can be adopted on both existing and newly developed welding guns as they do not require any structural modification of the welding device.
2015 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), 2015
2014 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), 2014
ABSTRACT The paper introduces a simple and straightforward algorithm to realize multiple independ... more ABSTRACT The paper introduces a simple and straightforward algorithm to realize multiple independent systems of n-phase permanent magnet electric machines and related drive. Multi-phase machines are welcome in high pole-pairs structures like the direct drive solutions for flywheel starter alternator or in high frequency traction machines. The paper presents the design phase of a 20kW, 8000rpm motor for traction application based on two different approaches for concentrated windings stator structures. A global overview of the drive is given too, showing the advantages and drawback of this multi-phase structure. The machine design is optimized and validated by finite element analysis.
MedPower 2014, 2014
This paper describes the technology avenues that will be explored in FABRIC [1], an FP7 Integrate... more This paper describes the technology avenues that will be explored in FABRIC [1], an FP7 Integrated Project, for accomplishing and evaluating the dynamic, wireless charging of future fully electric vehicles. Initially, the charging modes supported by FABRIC are specified in detail. The preliminary high-level conceptual system architecture follows, and afterwards the wireless charging technologies that will be developed and tested are presented. Finally there is a discussion on the challenges that are anticipated during the design, prototyping and testing phases.
Dynamic (on the go) wireless electrical charging is a new, challenging frontier for vehicular tec... more Dynamic (on the go) wireless electrical charging is a new, challenging frontier for vehicular technologies, as it would allow a dramatic increase in the feasible distance range of electrical vehicles. This paper presents a system under development for optimizing the power transfer for dynamic charging vehicles. The system relies on a coil coupling sensor and a camera. The coupling sensor measures the coupling level between the road and vehicle coils, while the camera detects the distance of the vehicle from the two lines of the lane. A sensor fusion system is needed because, on one hand, the coil sensor is highly accurate but cannot distinguish the direction of the misalignment, while the camera is less precise but can provide information about the position of the lane center, where the centroid of the transmitting coil is expected to be and complete a series of other non-magnetic information needed like the obstacle presence.
Sustainability, 2021
This paper proposes a system-level approach suitable to analyze the performance of a dynamic Wire... more This paper proposes a system-level approach suitable to analyze the performance of a dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System (WPTS) for electric vehicles, accounting for the uncertainty in the vehicle trajectory. The key-point of the approach is the use of an analytical behavioral model that relates mutual inductance between the coil pair to their relative positions along the actual vehicle trajectory. The behavioral model is derived from a limited training data set of simulations, by using a multi-objective genetic programming algorithm, and is validated against experimental data, taken from a real dynamic WPTS. This approach avoids the massive use of computationally expensive 3D finite element simulations, that would be required if this analysis were performed by means of look-up tables. This analytical model is here embedded into a system-level circuital model of the entire WPTS, thus allowing a fast and accurate analysis of the sensitivity of the performance as the actual vehicle...
2017 IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC), 2017
The paper proposes a simple solution to a safety problem encountered during the development of a ... more The paper proposes a simple solution to a safety problem encountered during the development of a series-series compensated IPT system for electric vehicles. This problem is related to the equivalent current source behavior of the receiver side in presence of an unpredicted load disconnection. A pure analog hardware system able to manage this fault protecting the filtering elements of the system is proposed. The system is investigated by means of a circuit simulation then its physical implementation is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is experimentally proven.
La transmission inductive de puissance (IPT) pour les vehicules electriques est une technologie e... more La transmission inductive de puissance (IPT) pour les vehicules electriques est une technologie emergente prometteuse qui semble capable d'ameliorer l'acceptation de la mobilite electrique. Au cours des deux dernieres decennies, de nombreux chercheurs ont demontre la faisabilite et la possibilite de l'utiliser pour remplacer les systemes conducteurs classiques pour la charge de la batterie a bord du vehicule. Actuellement de nombreux efforts visent a etendre la technologie IPT vers son utilisation pour la charge pendant le mouvement du vehicule. Cette application, generalement appelee IPT dynamique, vise a surmonter la limite representee par les arrets prolonges necessaires pour la recharge introduisant egalement la possibilite de reduction de la capacite de la batterie installee a bord du vehicule. Un systeme IPT est essentiellement base sur la resonance de deux inducteurs magnetiquement couples, l'emetteur, place sur ou sous le sol, et le recepteur, place sous le p...
The electromagnetic design of a wireless power transfer system focuses on the development of coup... more The electromagnetic design of a wireless power transfer system focuses on the development of coupled inductors. Moreover, the system performance can be improved by a auxiliary magnetic structure. This paper deals with the design of a novel magnetic structure for a light commercial vehicle in charge while driving. The design is carried out through an optimization procedure which aims to solve both EMC and exposure problems
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
The purpose of this work is to propose the design of a magnetic structure suitable for a IPT CWD ... more The purpose of this work is to propose the design of a magnetic structure suitable for a IPT CWD operation focusing on the receiving pad mounted on the bottom of a light commercial vehicle for transportation of goods