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Papers by Barbara Buraczyńska

Przegląd Organizacji, Jul 30, 2020

Sustainability, Sep 20, 2022

European Research Studies Journal, Jun 1, 2021

The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The addit... more The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The additional goal is to verify whether four proposed factors differentiate e-commerce flexibility. The examined factors are the company size, the number of employees, the number of years in e-commerce, and the geographic coverage of sales. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve this goal, an online survey was conducted. The questionnaire was based on literature studies. It was filled in by over 200 owners or managers of e-commerce enterprises. The collected data was analysed statistically using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's method, Pillai's statistic of MANOVA omnibus test. The research showed that flexibility, which is a desirable feature of these companies, can mature along with their sustainable development. Originality/Value: The underlying structure of e-commerce flexibility was created. The discovery of the implicit factors of the flexibility of e-commerce enterprises is the starting point for further research on online stores.

European Research Studies Journal, Jun 1, 2021

Sustainability

The main purpose of this article is to verify whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects customers’ be... more The main purpose of this article is to verify whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects customers’ behaviours. The examined behaviours are: buying Polish products, buying organic products, buying more at one time, paying attention to prices, asking others to go shopping, and shopping online. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted. The questionnaire was completed by 1000 Polish consumers. The collected data were analysed statistically, and it was shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has an influence on consumers’ behaviours. This is particularly visible in paying attention to prices more frequently, more frequent online shopping, and more frequent purchases of larger amounts of products. Consumers are more likely to buy Polish products and organic products. The largest changes in behaviour were observed among women, people aged under 35, people with higher education, and those with the highest incomes per family member. The research identified the group of consumers who more often ...

European Research Studies Journal, 2021

EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, 2021

The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The addit... more The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The additional goal is to verify whether four proposed factors differentiate e-commerce flexibility. The examined factors are the company size, the number of employees, the number of years in e-commerce, and the geographic coverage of sales. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve this goal, an online survey was conducted. The questionnaire was based on literature studies. It was filled in by over 200 owners or managers of e-commerce enterprises. The collected data was analysed statistically using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's method, Pillai's statistic of MANOVA omnibus test. The research showed that flexibility, which is a desirable feature of these companies, can mature along with their sustainable development. Originality/Value: The underlying structure of e-commerce flexibility was created. The discovery of the implicit factors of the flexibility of e-commerce enterprises is the starting point for further research on online stores.

Przegląd Organizacji, 2020

Efektywność jest pojęciem niejednoznacznym i definiowanym w różnorodny sposób. W artykule przedst... more Efektywność jest pojęciem niejednoznacznym i definiowanym w różnorodny sposób. W artykule przedstawiono problematykę pomiaru efektywności podmiotów gospodarczych prowadzących sklepy internetowe. Wskazano wskaźniki efektywności typowe dla firm sprzedających przez Internet, a następnie wybrano te, które posłużyły do oceny efektywności przedsiębiorstw e-commerce w badaniach kwestionariuszowych. Wyniki badań zostały poddane analizie i dyskusji, która uwzględniała specyfikę firm prowadzących sklepy internetowe. Przeprowadzone badania kwestionariuszowe pokazały zalety i wady stosowania wybranych wskaźników do pomiaru efektywności.

Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2020

The article discusses the impact of surface emissivity on the thermograms, obtained from a therma... more The article discusses the impact of surface emissivity on the thermograms, obtained from a thermal imaging camera during the measurements of construction objects. The study was carried out as an analysis of the digital and thermal images for three selected materials types of building finishing such as: wood outside doors, cementlime plaster and glass façade. The images obtained from the exterior and from the interior of the buildings were compared and analyzed in terms of the spectrum intensity within the range of ambient temperature. The result of the conducted research shows how important it is to use both side images for such details as locks, door knobs and handles to properly assess the optional light reflections, especially on glossy surfaces. The influence of the most significant factors on the surface emissivity, such as direction of emission θ, surface temperature T S , radiation wavelength λ, time τ, was discussed on the basis of the experiment. The measurements were made using a Flir T440bx thermal imaging camera, while for the analysis of thermal images and the generation of graphs, the Flir Tools+ 6.4.18039.1003 software was used. For all tested materials, the emissivity value was estimated using a camera and black insulating tape characterized by a known emissivity value ε = 0.98. The study of materials with different emissivity under the reference conditions helped to identify the influence of material reflectivity on the obtained temperature spectrum values and to correctly perform the research. The temperature ranged between 269-293 K, but in particular measurements, the range was reduced. The thermal images reveals additional unexpected details of insulation discontinuity, the indication of which is necessary for building modernization. The wood door joinery research showed the leakage, which disqualifies them from use in low energy buildings in much more definite way because the temperature range resulting from heat outflow approaches even 15 K. The use of glass wind insulation boards can eliminate the wood door icing, which occurs at a temperature of about 268 K, and at the same time, increase the temperature of the shielded door by about 10 K.

EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, 2021

Journal of Modern Science, 2023

Objectives: Every organization operating in the 20s of the 21st century struggles with operating ... more Objectives: Every organization operating in the 20s of the 21st century struggles with operating in a turbulent environment. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, which are still being felt today, cause some changes in customer behavior. This article focuses on the study of this phenomenon in relation to the risk perceived by customers in making online purchases. The article's purpose is to identify the broad management implications of online shopping risk perceptions among consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and methods: The research conducted concerns customers' purchasing risk perceptions. An analysis is made of the countermeasures respondents use to minimize purchasing risks. The research used a diagnostic survey on a sample of 1,000 consumers. Results: The results of the conducted surveys indicate that consumers in general are aware of the risks associated with purchasing various goods via the Internet. In addition, it can be concluded that age is not significant when it comes to the perception of purchasing risks when shopping online, while concerns about buying online are dependent on the respondents' sex. There is also a statistically significant difference between the respondents' sex and sensitivity to purchase risk in various aspects. Conclusions: This paper fulfils a gap in knowledge about shopping risk perceptions among consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Przegląd Organizacji, Jul 30, 2020

Sustainability, Sep 20, 2022

European Research Studies Journal, Jun 1, 2021

The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The addit... more The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The additional goal is to verify whether four proposed factors differentiate e-commerce flexibility. The examined factors are the company size, the number of employees, the number of years in e-commerce, and the geographic coverage of sales. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve this goal, an online survey was conducted. The questionnaire was based on literature studies. It was filled in by over 200 owners or managers of e-commerce enterprises. The collected data was analysed statistically using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's method, Pillai's statistic of MANOVA omnibus test. The research showed that flexibility, which is a desirable feature of these companies, can mature along with their sustainable development. Originality/Value: The underlying structure of e-commerce flexibility was created. The discovery of the implicit factors of the flexibility of e-commerce enterprises is the starting point for further research on online stores.

European Research Studies Journal, Jun 1, 2021

Sustainability

The main purpose of this article is to verify whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects customers’ be... more The main purpose of this article is to verify whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects customers’ behaviours. The examined behaviours are: buying Polish products, buying organic products, buying more at one time, paying attention to prices, asking others to go shopping, and shopping online. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted. The questionnaire was completed by 1000 Polish consumers. The collected data were analysed statistically, and it was shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has an influence on consumers’ behaviours. This is particularly visible in paying attention to prices more frequently, more frequent online shopping, and more frequent purchases of larger amounts of products. Consumers are more likely to buy Polish products and organic products. The largest changes in behaviour were observed among women, people aged under 35, people with higher education, and those with the highest incomes per family member. The research identified the group of consumers who more often ...

European Research Studies Journal, 2021

EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, 2021

The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The addit... more The main purpose of this article is to create e-commerce flexibility measurement model. The additional goal is to verify whether four proposed factors differentiate e-commerce flexibility. The examined factors are the company size, the number of employees, the number of years in e-commerce, and the geographic coverage of sales. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve this goal, an online survey was conducted. The questionnaire was based on literature studies. It was filled in by over 200 owners or managers of e-commerce enterprises. The collected data was analysed statistically using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's method, Pillai's statistic of MANOVA omnibus test. The research showed that flexibility, which is a desirable feature of these companies, can mature along with their sustainable development. Originality/Value: The underlying structure of e-commerce flexibility was created. The discovery of the implicit factors of the flexibility of e-commerce enterprises is the starting point for further research on online stores.

Przegląd Organizacji, 2020

Efektywność jest pojęciem niejednoznacznym i definiowanym w różnorodny sposób. W artykule przedst... more Efektywność jest pojęciem niejednoznacznym i definiowanym w różnorodny sposób. W artykule przedstawiono problematykę pomiaru efektywności podmiotów gospodarczych prowadzących sklepy internetowe. Wskazano wskaźniki efektywności typowe dla firm sprzedających przez Internet, a następnie wybrano te, które posłużyły do oceny efektywności przedsiębiorstw e-commerce w badaniach kwestionariuszowych. Wyniki badań zostały poddane analizie i dyskusji, która uwzględniała specyfikę firm prowadzących sklepy internetowe. Przeprowadzone badania kwestionariuszowe pokazały zalety i wady stosowania wybranych wskaźników do pomiaru efektywności.

Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2020

The article discusses the impact of surface emissivity on the thermograms, obtained from a therma... more The article discusses the impact of surface emissivity on the thermograms, obtained from a thermal imaging camera during the measurements of construction objects. The study was carried out as an analysis of the digital and thermal images for three selected materials types of building finishing such as: wood outside doors, cementlime plaster and glass façade. The images obtained from the exterior and from the interior of the buildings were compared and analyzed in terms of the spectrum intensity within the range of ambient temperature. The result of the conducted research shows how important it is to use both side images for such details as locks, door knobs and handles to properly assess the optional light reflections, especially on glossy surfaces. The influence of the most significant factors on the surface emissivity, such as direction of emission θ, surface temperature T S , radiation wavelength λ, time τ, was discussed on the basis of the experiment. The measurements were made using a Flir T440bx thermal imaging camera, while for the analysis of thermal images and the generation of graphs, the Flir Tools+ 6.4.18039.1003 software was used. For all tested materials, the emissivity value was estimated using a camera and black insulating tape characterized by a known emissivity value ε = 0.98. The study of materials with different emissivity under the reference conditions helped to identify the influence of material reflectivity on the obtained temperature spectrum values and to correctly perform the research. The temperature ranged between 269-293 K, but in particular measurements, the range was reduced. The thermal images reveals additional unexpected details of insulation discontinuity, the indication of which is necessary for building modernization. The wood door joinery research showed the leakage, which disqualifies them from use in low energy buildings in much more definite way because the temperature range resulting from heat outflow approaches even 15 K. The use of glass wind insulation boards can eliminate the wood door icing, which occurs at a temperature of about 268 K, and at the same time, increase the temperature of the shielded door by about 10 K.

EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, 2021

Journal of Modern Science, 2023

Objectives: Every organization operating in the 20s of the 21st century struggles with operating ... more Objectives: Every organization operating in the 20s of the 21st century struggles with operating in a turbulent environment. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, which are still being felt today, cause some changes in customer behavior. This article focuses on the study of this phenomenon in relation to the risk perceived by customers in making online purchases. The article's purpose is to identify the broad management implications of online shopping risk perceptions among consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and methods: The research conducted concerns customers' purchasing risk perceptions. An analysis is made of the countermeasures respondents use to minimize purchasing risks. The research used a diagnostic survey on a sample of 1,000 consumers. Results: The results of the conducted surveys indicate that consumers in general are aware of the risks associated with purchasing various goods via the Internet. In addition, it can be concluded that age is not significant when it comes to the perception of purchasing risks when shopping online, while concerns about buying online are dependent on the respondents' sex. There is also a statistically significant difference between the respondents' sex and sensitivity to purchase risk in various aspects. Conclusions: This paper fulfils a gap in knowledge about shopping risk perceptions among consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic.