Phillips Obasohan | Niger State Polytechnic (original) (raw)

Papers by Phillips Obasohan

Research paper thumbnail of How Much Does Paediatric Femoral Lengthening Cost? A Cost Comparison between Magnetic Lengthening Nails and External Fixators

Strategies in Trauma and Limb Reconstruction, May 31, 2023

Aim: Motorised intramedullary lengthening nails are considered more expensive than external fixat... more Aim: Motorised intramedullary lengthening nails are considered more expensive than external fixators for limb lengthening. This research aims to compare the cost of femoral lengthening in children using the PRECICE magnetic lengthening nail with external fixation. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 50 children who underwent femoral lengthening. One group included patients who were treated with PRECICE lengthening nails, the other group included patients who had lengthening with external fixation. Each group included 25 patients aged between 11 and 17 years. The patients in both groups were matched for age. Cost analysis was performed following micro-costing and analysis of the used resources during the different phases of the treatments. Results: Each group's mean patient age was 14.7 years. Lengthening nails were associated with longer operative times compared with external fixators, both for implantation and removal surgery (p-values of 0.007 and < 0.0001, respectively). Length of stay following the implantation surgery, frequency of radiographs and frequency of outpatient department appointments were all lower with lengthening nails. The overall cost of lengthening nails was £1393 more than external fixators, however, this difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.088). Conclusion: The difference in the mean costs between femoral lengthening with lengthening nails versus external fixators was not statistically significant. Further research to review the effectiveness of the devices and the quality of life during the lengthening process is crucial for robust health economic evaluation.

Research paper thumbnail of The Socio-economic, Demographic, and Contextual Predictors of Malnutrition among Children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria

Research Square (Research Square), Jul 19, 2023

Malnutrition has remained a global public health issue, particularly in low-and middle-income cou... more Malnutrition has remained a global public health issue, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Researchers have committed to studying malnutrition (especially in children under the age of ve) to address the nine malnutrition targets, set by the WHO to be achieved by 2025. With barely three years to the end of target date, there is so much yet undone to meet the target especially in developing countries. In fact, there can be no effective interventions without a strong evidence base. This study seeks to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months across Nigeria and its states, as well as its individual and contextual factors. Two separates, independently collected, nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, the National Human Development Report (NHDR 2018) and the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2018 NDHS) were linked for the study. Spatial map was used to describe the prevalence of malnutrition, a 3-level multivariate multilevel logistic regression models were tted where children/individuals (at level 1) were nested in communities/clusters (at level 2) and nested in states (at level 3). The results showed that an estimated 43.6% of children aged 6-59 months are poorly nourished in Nigeria. The proportions of poorly nourished children were generally highest in the Northern Nigeria. Child's gender, age, birth size, preceding birth order, anaemia status, maternal education, work status, body weight, household wealth status, number of bedrooms were among individual/household predictors of malnutrition. On the community level, being from community with high wealth index, distance to nearest health facilities is no big problem. Regional variations and gender inequality index were state level predictors of malnutrition among children in Nigeria. This study has shown that two-third of children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria were poorly nourished. The high rates of constant insecurities that have distorted farming activities in the northern part of the country should be addressed urgently.

Research paper thumbnail of Religion, Ethnicity and Contraceptive Use among Reproductive age Women in Nigeria

International Journal of MCH and AIDS, 2014

Background: Religion and Ethnicity are the two most important factors that shape the behavioral p... more Background: Religion and Ethnicity are the two most important factors that shape the behavioral pattern especially health seeking behaviors of the people of Nigeria. This study seeks to examine the mediatory effects of the linkage between ethnicity and religion with selected socio-demographic variables on the current use of contraception (CUC) among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Methods: Nationally representative sample of 39,948 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was used. Chi-square was used to analyze the bivariate relationship between exposure variables and CUC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio with the 95% confi dence interval. Results: The prevalence of CUC was generally low for women of reproductive age in Nigeria, highest among the Yoruba women and lowest among the Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri/Seriberi (HFKS) women; highest among other Christian women and lowest for Muslim women and highest for Yoruba/other religion and lowest for women of Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri/Seriberi/Islam. The odds ratios showed that disparity across ethno-religious boundaries is signifi cant. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Globally, and especially in sub-Saharan African countries, maternal mortality resulting from the abortion of unintended pregnancies pose a major challenge in health delivery system. In Nigeria, a cultural and religious heterogeneous society, current use of contraceptives by women of reproductive age is found not to be a matter of independent effects of ethnicity, religiosity and other socio-demographic variables but also dependent on the effects of interactions between the ethnicity and religion.

Research paper thumbnail of Individual, household and area predictors of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Nigeria

Public health in practice, Jun 1, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6-59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of full immunization coverage and reasons for its failure for children in Bida Emirate Area, Niger state, Nigeria

Recent survey immunization coverage for Nigerian children is 25%. This is quite despite the huge ... more Recent survey immunization coverage for Nigerian children is 25%. This is quite despite the huge resources being identify the factors that may be responsible. immunization status of childr (BEA) failure. mothers Multiple logistic regression effects of the selected factors on immunization status. Immunization (CI) coverage partially immunized (PI) 31.99% do not possess immunization card. of side effect and not aware of the need for immunization frequent reasons for fai in BEA is important to consider those socioeconomic and demographic variables that account for variations in immunization status if considerable impro in immunization in BEA is to be achieved

Research paper thumbnail of The analysis of risk factors associated with multimorbidity of anaemia, malaria, and malnutrition among children aged 6- 59 months in Nigeria

In the last ten years multimorbidity in children under the age of five years has becoming an emer... more In the last ten years multimorbidity in children under the age of five years has becoming an emerging health issue in developing countries. The absence of a proper understanding of the causes, risk factors, and prevention of these new health disorders (multimorbidity) in children is a significant cause for concern, if the sustainable development goal 3 of ensuring healthy lives and the promotion of well-being for all especially in the associated aim of ending preventable deaths of new-borns and children must be achieved by 2030. In the past, most studies conducted in Nigeria and some other least developed nations of the world focused on these multiple diseases by employing conventional analytical techniques to examine them separately as distinct disease entities. But the study of multimorbidity of anaemia, malaria, and malnutrition has not been done, especially in children. This study aims to investigate the multiple overlaps in the impact of individual and contextual variables on t...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Socio-Cultural Barriers to Antenatal Care Utilization Among Reproductive Age Women in Wushishi and Zungeru Communities in Niger State, Nigeria: A Logistic Regression Approach

International Medical Science Research Journal, 2020

More than 33% of Nigerian pregnant women do not use the Antenatal Care service during pregnancy. ... more More than 33% of Nigerian pregnant women do not use the Antenatal Care service during pregnancy. In 2015, for instance, World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that only 61% of Nigerian pregnant women had attended ANC at least once during their pregnancy period. Only 51% of these women met the WHO standard of a minimum of 4 visits. This ANC rate is, without doubt, lower than the WHO African region average of 77%. The situation in Wushishi and Zungeru communities of Niger State may not be different. Despite the number of health facilities available in these communities, some women of childbearing age do not access antenatal care. Most times, many of them lose their lives during delivery at home, some end up with complications or lose their babies at births. This situation raised concern why pregnant women do not attend antenatal care in health facilities around them? This paper examined the socio-cultural impediments to accessing antenatal care services among reproductive-aged women...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing Weighted Markov Chain and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average in the Prediction of Under-5 Mortality Annual Closing Rates in Nigeria

International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Mar 25, 2020

In developing countries, childhood mortality rates are not only affected by socioeconomic, demogr... more In developing countries, childhood mortality rates are not only affected by socioeconomic, demographic, and health variables, but also vary across regions. Correctly predicting childhood mortality rate trends can provide a clearer understanding for health policy formulation to reduce mortality. This paper describes and compares two prediction methods: Weighted Markov Chain Model (WMC) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) in order to establish which method can better predict the annual child mortality rate in Nigeria. The data for the study were Childhood Mortality Annual Closing Rates (CMACR) data for Nigeria from 1964-2017. The CMACR provides random values changing over time (annually), so we can analyze the mortality closing rate and predict the change range in the next state. Weighted Markov Chain (WMC), a method based on Markov theory, addresses the state and its transition procedures to describe a changing random time series. While the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) is a generalization of an Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model. The findings indicate that the ARIMA model predicts CMACR for Nigeria better than WMC. The WMC entered in a loop after two iterations, and we could not use it effectively to predict the future values of CMACR.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of dietary patterns, individual and workplace characteristics on blood pressure status among civil servants in Bida and Wushishi communities of Niger State, Nigeria

PLOS ONE, 2019

The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annu... more The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annually. A high incidence of sudden deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the civil workforce in Nigeria is often reported. However, the associations between Dietary Patterns (DPs), individual, and workplace characteristics of hypertension among this workforce have not been fully explored. This study aimed to identify DP in the Bida and Wushishi Communities of Niger State and establish its relationship with hypertension along with other individual and workplace characteristics. Factor analysis was used to establish DP, Chi-square test to identify their relationships with hypertension, and logistic regression to determine the predictor risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension was 43.7%; mean weight, height, and body fat were: 72.8±15 kg, 166±8.9 mm and 30.4%, respectively. Three DPs: "Efficient Diet," "Local diet," and "Energy Boost Diet" were identified. The factor loading scores for these factors were divided into quintiles Q1-Q5; none of them had a significant effect on hypertension status. Conversely, increase in age, the Ministry, Department, and Agency (MDA) of employment, frequency of eating in restaurants, and obesity were identified as significant risk factors. After adjusting for confounders (age, body mass index, MDA, and eating habits), a high score (Q5) in "efficient diet pattern" was significantly related to a lower likelihood of hypertension than a low score (Q1). The prevalence of hypertension among the participants was relatively very high. An increase in age and working in educational sector were risk factors associated with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that civil servants engage in frequent exercise and undergo regular medical checkups, especially as they get older. These findings highlight the need for large-scale assessment of the impact of variables considered in this study on hypertension, among the civil workforce across Niger state and Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Decision Making Autonomy and Maternal Healthcare Utilization among Nigerian Women

International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA), 2019

Background and Objectives: Low assess to ante-natal care (ANC) services continue to pose a major ... more Background and Objectives: Low assess to ante-natal care (ANC) services continue to pose a major public health challenge leading to high maternal mortality rates in developing countries. Non-utilization of ANC services among about a quarter of Nigerian women of reproductive age remains a major concern in the actualization of Sustainable Development Goals. Considering the complexity of healthcare utilization in Nigeria, the relationship between a particular health care utilization pattern and women autonomy has not been fully examined. This study examines the patterns of women autonomy and their relationships with ANC utilization in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2013 nationally representative data from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Factor analysis/score were used to construct women autonomy index, while chi-square and logistic regression were used to establish the relationships between the response and exposure variables. Results: T...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors Associated with Multimorbidity among Children Aged Under-Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background/purpose: Globally, the prevalence of multimorbidity (defined as the cooccurrence of tw... more Background/purpose: Globally, the prevalence of multimorbidity (defined as the cooccurrence of two or more diseases in an individual without reference to an index disease) is greater than 33%. Consequently, childhood multimorbidity, a growing public health concern in Low- and Middle-Income-Countries (LMICs), frequently has an impact on children’s health. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to locate and describe studies that investigate the association between socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors and the prevalence of multimorbidity among children aged under five years in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods/Design: We searched MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for papers written in English, and published between January 1990 and March 2022. The search included papers that focused on children aged under five years with multimorbidity from Sub-Saharan Africa and used classical regress...

Research paper thumbnail of A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Predictor Variables Associated with the Malaria Status among Children under Five Years in Sub-Saharan Africa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health ... more Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most malaria-endemic region in the world. Evidence synthesis of the factors associated with malaria among children aged under-five in SSA is urgently needed. This would help to inform decisions that policymakers and executors in the region need to make for the effective distribution of scarce palliative resources to curb the spread of the illness. This scoping review is aimed at identifying studies that have used multivariate classical regression analysis to determine the predictors associated with malaria among children under five years old in SSA. Methods/Design: The search terms followed population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, setting (PICOTS), and were used in searching through the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Measure DHS. The databases were...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the Reasons for Partial and Non-immunization of Children in Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria: Methodological Comparison

Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most impo... more Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most important cost effective and public health strategies to reduce childhood preventable morbidity and mortalities arising from infectious diseases. A recent report released by World Health Organization (WHO) stated that 1 in 10 infants did not receive vaccination in 2016. Also, a survey conducted in Bida Emirate Area of Niger State Nigeria in 2015 found that full routine immunization coverage in this area was less than 30%. The aim of this study was to establish the full routine immunization status and the reasons for its partial and non-immunization of children in Wushishi Local Government Area using WHO recommended cluster survey method and contrast with Factor Analysis (FA) method to see if the same results were achieved. The findings showed that the full immunization status for this area was very low (36%) and the results of analysis of reasons for failure from both methods seem contradict...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Children Under-Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020

Background/Purpose: Malnutrition is a significant global public health burden with greater concer... more Background/Purpose: Malnutrition is a significant global public health burden with greater concern among children under five years in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To effectively address the problem of malnutrition, especially in resource-scarce communities, knowing the prevalence, causes and risk factors associated with it are essential steps. This scoping review aimed to identify the existing literature that uses classical regression analysis on nationally representative health survey data sets to find the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with malnutrition among children under five years of age in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Methods: The electronic databases searched include EMBASE (OVID platform), PubMed (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Cochrane Library. Only papers written in the English language, and for which the publication date was between 1 January 1990 and 31 ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Risk Factors Associated with the Malaria Status among Children Under-five Years in Sub-Sahara Africa

Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health O... more Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health Organization, (WHO), as the most malaria endemic region in the world. Evidence synthesis of the risk factors associated with malaria among children aged under-five in SSA is urgently needed. This would help to inform decisions that policy makers and executors in the region need to make for the effective distribution of scare palliative resources to curb the spread of the illness. This scoping review is aimed to identify studies that have used multivariate classical regression analysis to determine risk factors associated with malaria among children under-five years old in SSA. Methods/Design: The search terms followed PICOTS, (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting), and were used in searching through the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and MeasureDHS. The databases wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6-59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach

Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major worldwide public heal... more Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major worldwide public health concern, especially in the developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality among children. Nigeria is the world most burdened malaria endemic nation, contributing more than a quarter of global malaria cases. This study determined the prevalence of malaria among children 6-59 months in Nigeria, and the effects of individual and contextual factors. Methods: The study utilized data from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) involving a weighted sample size of 10,185 children who were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Given the hierarchical structure of the data set, such that children at level-1 are nested in community at level-2, and nested in states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at level-3, multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results: The proportion of children 6-59 months of age in Nigeria th...

Research paper thumbnail of A Scoping Review of the Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Children Under Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background/Purpose: Globally, anaemia is a severe public health condition affecting over 24% of t... more Background/Purpose: Globally, anaemia is a severe public health condition affecting over 24% of the world’s population. Children under five years old and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to this disease. This scoping review aimed to evaluate studies that used classical statistical regression methods on nationally representative health survey data to identify the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with developing anaemia among children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods/Design: The reporting pattern followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID platform), Web of Science, PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library, African Journal of online (AJOL), Google Scholar and Measure DHS. Results: The review...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of dietary patterns, individual and workplace characteristics on blood pressure status among civil servants in Bida and Wushishi communities of Niger State, Nigeria

PLOS ONE, 2019

The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annu... more The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annually. A high incidence of sudden deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the civil workforce in Nigeria is often reported. However, the associations between Dietary Patterns (DPs), individual, and workplace characteristics of hypertension among this workforce have not been fully explored. This study aimed to identify DP in the Bida and Wushishi Communities of Niger State and establish its relationship with hypertension along with other individual and workplace characteristics. Factor analysis was used to establish DP, Chi-square test to identify their relationships with hypertension, and logistic regression to determine the predic-tor risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension was 43.7%; mean weight, height, and body fat were: 72.8±15 kg, 166±8.9 mm and 30.4%, respectively. Three DPs: "Efficient Diet," "Local diet," and "Energy Boost Diet" were identified. The factor loading scores for these factors were divided into quintiles Q1-Q5; none of them had a significant effect on hyperten-sion status. Conversely, increase in age, the Ministry, Department, and Agency (MDA) of employment, frequency of eating in restaurants, and obesity were identified as significant risk factors. After adjusting for confounders (age, body mass index, MDA, and eating habits), a high score (Q5) in "efficient diet pattern" was significantly related to a lower likelihood of hypertension than a low score (Q1). The prevalence of hypertension among the participants was relatively very high. An increase in age and working in educational sector were risk factors associated with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that civil servants engage in frequent exercise and undergo regular medical checkups, especially as they get older. These findings highlight the need for large-scale assessment of the impact of variables considered in this study on hypertension, among the civil workforce across Niger state and Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the Reasons for Partial and Non-immunization of Children in Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria: Methodological Comparison

African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2018

Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most impo... more Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most important cost effective and
public health strategies to reduce childhood preventable morbidity and mortalities arising from infectious diseases. A recent
report released by World Health Organization (WHO) stated that 1 in 10 infants did not receive vaccination in 2016. Also, a
survey conducted in Bida Emirate Area of Niger State Nigeria in 2015 found that full routine immunization coverage in this area
was less than 30%. The aim of this study was to establish the full routine immunization status and the reasons for its partial and
non-immunization of children in Wushishi Local Government Area using WHO recommended cluster survey method and
contrast with Factor Analysis (FA) method to see if the same results were achieved. The findings showed that the full
immunization status for this area was very low (36%) and the results of analysis of reasons for failure from both methods seem
contradictory. However, it reflected that lack of proper information was strongest for both methods. The disparity obtained in the
two methods might be a result of methodological issues. The health implication is that much is expected to be done in the area of enlightenment campaign of the need for immunization and the need to complete the required basic dose especially in the rural
areas

Research paper thumbnail of How Much Does Paediatric Femoral Lengthening Cost? A Cost Comparison between Magnetic Lengthening Nails and External Fixators

Strategies in Trauma and Limb Reconstruction, May 31, 2023

Aim: Motorised intramedullary lengthening nails are considered more expensive than external fixat... more Aim: Motorised intramedullary lengthening nails are considered more expensive than external fixators for limb lengthening. This research aims to compare the cost of femoral lengthening in children using the PRECICE magnetic lengthening nail with external fixation. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 50 children who underwent femoral lengthening. One group included patients who were treated with PRECICE lengthening nails, the other group included patients who had lengthening with external fixation. Each group included 25 patients aged between 11 and 17 years. The patients in both groups were matched for age. Cost analysis was performed following micro-costing and analysis of the used resources during the different phases of the treatments. Results: Each group's mean patient age was 14.7 years. Lengthening nails were associated with longer operative times compared with external fixators, both for implantation and removal surgery (p-values of 0.007 and < 0.0001, respectively). Length of stay following the implantation surgery, frequency of radiographs and frequency of outpatient department appointments were all lower with lengthening nails. The overall cost of lengthening nails was £1393 more than external fixators, however, this difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.088). Conclusion: The difference in the mean costs between femoral lengthening with lengthening nails versus external fixators was not statistically significant. Further research to review the effectiveness of the devices and the quality of life during the lengthening process is crucial for robust health economic evaluation.

Research paper thumbnail of The Socio-economic, Demographic, and Contextual Predictors of Malnutrition among Children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria

Research Square (Research Square), Jul 19, 2023

Malnutrition has remained a global public health issue, particularly in low-and middle-income cou... more Malnutrition has remained a global public health issue, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Researchers have committed to studying malnutrition (especially in children under the age of ve) to address the nine malnutrition targets, set by the WHO to be achieved by 2025. With barely three years to the end of target date, there is so much yet undone to meet the target especially in developing countries. In fact, there can be no effective interventions without a strong evidence base. This study seeks to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months across Nigeria and its states, as well as its individual and contextual factors. Two separates, independently collected, nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, the National Human Development Report (NHDR 2018) and the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2018 NDHS) were linked for the study. Spatial map was used to describe the prevalence of malnutrition, a 3-level multivariate multilevel logistic regression models were tted where children/individuals (at level 1) were nested in communities/clusters (at level 2) and nested in states (at level 3). The results showed that an estimated 43.6% of children aged 6-59 months are poorly nourished in Nigeria. The proportions of poorly nourished children were generally highest in the Northern Nigeria. Child's gender, age, birth size, preceding birth order, anaemia status, maternal education, work status, body weight, household wealth status, number of bedrooms were among individual/household predictors of malnutrition. On the community level, being from community with high wealth index, distance to nearest health facilities is no big problem. Regional variations and gender inequality index were state level predictors of malnutrition among children in Nigeria. This study has shown that two-third of children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria were poorly nourished. The high rates of constant insecurities that have distorted farming activities in the northern part of the country should be addressed urgently.

Research paper thumbnail of Religion, Ethnicity and Contraceptive Use among Reproductive age Women in Nigeria

International Journal of MCH and AIDS, 2014

Background: Religion and Ethnicity are the two most important factors that shape the behavioral p... more Background: Religion and Ethnicity are the two most important factors that shape the behavioral pattern especially health seeking behaviors of the people of Nigeria. This study seeks to examine the mediatory effects of the linkage between ethnicity and religion with selected socio-demographic variables on the current use of contraception (CUC) among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Methods: Nationally representative sample of 39,948 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was used. Chi-square was used to analyze the bivariate relationship between exposure variables and CUC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio with the 95% confi dence interval. Results: The prevalence of CUC was generally low for women of reproductive age in Nigeria, highest among the Yoruba women and lowest among the Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri/Seriberi (HFKS) women; highest among other Christian women and lowest for Muslim women and highest for Yoruba/other religion and lowest for women of Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri/Seriberi/Islam. The odds ratios showed that disparity across ethno-religious boundaries is signifi cant. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Globally, and especially in sub-Saharan African countries, maternal mortality resulting from the abortion of unintended pregnancies pose a major challenge in health delivery system. In Nigeria, a cultural and religious heterogeneous society, current use of contraceptives by women of reproductive age is found not to be a matter of independent effects of ethnicity, religiosity and other socio-demographic variables but also dependent on the effects of interactions between the ethnicity and religion.

Research paper thumbnail of Individual, household and area predictors of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Nigeria

Public health in practice, Jun 1, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6-59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of full immunization coverage and reasons for its failure for children in Bida Emirate Area, Niger state, Nigeria

Recent survey immunization coverage for Nigerian children is 25%. This is quite despite the huge ... more Recent survey immunization coverage for Nigerian children is 25%. This is quite despite the huge resources being identify the factors that may be responsible. immunization status of childr (BEA) failure. mothers Multiple logistic regression effects of the selected factors on immunization status. Immunization (CI) coverage partially immunized (PI) 31.99% do not possess immunization card. of side effect and not aware of the need for immunization frequent reasons for fai in BEA is important to consider those socioeconomic and demographic variables that account for variations in immunization status if considerable impro in immunization in BEA is to be achieved

Research paper thumbnail of The analysis of risk factors associated with multimorbidity of anaemia, malaria, and malnutrition among children aged 6- 59 months in Nigeria

In the last ten years multimorbidity in children under the age of five years has becoming an emer... more In the last ten years multimorbidity in children under the age of five years has becoming an emerging health issue in developing countries. The absence of a proper understanding of the causes, risk factors, and prevention of these new health disorders (multimorbidity) in children is a significant cause for concern, if the sustainable development goal 3 of ensuring healthy lives and the promotion of well-being for all especially in the associated aim of ending preventable deaths of new-borns and children must be achieved by 2030. In the past, most studies conducted in Nigeria and some other least developed nations of the world focused on these multiple diseases by employing conventional analytical techniques to examine them separately as distinct disease entities. But the study of multimorbidity of anaemia, malaria, and malnutrition has not been done, especially in children. This study aims to investigate the multiple overlaps in the impact of individual and contextual variables on t...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Socio-Cultural Barriers to Antenatal Care Utilization Among Reproductive Age Women in Wushishi and Zungeru Communities in Niger State, Nigeria: A Logistic Regression Approach

International Medical Science Research Journal, 2020

More than 33% of Nigerian pregnant women do not use the Antenatal Care service during pregnancy. ... more More than 33% of Nigerian pregnant women do not use the Antenatal Care service during pregnancy. In 2015, for instance, World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that only 61% of Nigerian pregnant women had attended ANC at least once during their pregnancy period. Only 51% of these women met the WHO standard of a minimum of 4 visits. This ANC rate is, without doubt, lower than the WHO African region average of 77%. The situation in Wushishi and Zungeru communities of Niger State may not be different. Despite the number of health facilities available in these communities, some women of childbearing age do not access antenatal care. Most times, many of them lose their lives during delivery at home, some end up with complications or lose their babies at births. This situation raised concern why pregnant women do not attend antenatal care in health facilities around them? This paper examined the socio-cultural impediments to accessing antenatal care services among reproductive-aged women...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparing Weighted Markov Chain and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average in the Prediction of Under-5 Mortality Annual Closing Rates in Nigeria

International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Mar 25, 2020

In developing countries, childhood mortality rates are not only affected by socioeconomic, demogr... more In developing countries, childhood mortality rates are not only affected by socioeconomic, demographic, and health variables, but also vary across regions. Correctly predicting childhood mortality rate trends can provide a clearer understanding for health policy formulation to reduce mortality. This paper describes and compares two prediction methods: Weighted Markov Chain Model (WMC) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) in order to establish which method can better predict the annual child mortality rate in Nigeria. The data for the study were Childhood Mortality Annual Closing Rates (CMACR) data for Nigeria from 1964-2017. The CMACR provides random values changing over time (annually), so we can analyze the mortality closing rate and predict the change range in the next state. Weighted Markov Chain (WMC), a method based on Markov theory, addresses the state and its transition procedures to describe a changing random time series. While the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) is a generalization of an Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model. The findings indicate that the ARIMA model predicts CMACR for Nigeria better than WMC. The WMC entered in a loop after two iterations, and we could not use it effectively to predict the future values of CMACR.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of dietary patterns, individual and workplace characteristics on blood pressure status among civil servants in Bida and Wushishi communities of Niger State, Nigeria

PLOS ONE, 2019

The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annu... more The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annually. A high incidence of sudden deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the civil workforce in Nigeria is often reported. However, the associations between Dietary Patterns (DPs), individual, and workplace characteristics of hypertension among this workforce have not been fully explored. This study aimed to identify DP in the Bida and Wushishi Communities of Niger State and establish its relationship with hypertension along with other individual and workplace characteristics. Factor analysis was used to establish DP, Chi-square test to identify their relationships with hypertension, and logistic regression to determine the predictor risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension was 43.7%; mean weight, height, and body fat were: 72.8±15 kg, 166±8.9 mm and 30.4%, respectively. Three DPs: "Efficient Diet," "Local diet," and "Energy Boost Diet" were identified. The factor loading scores for these factors were divided into quintiles Q1-Q5; none of them had a significant effect on hypertension status. Conversely, increase in age, the Ministry, Department, and Agency (MDA) of employment, frequency of eating in restaurants, and obesity were identified as significant risk factors. After adjusting for confounders (age, body mass index, MDA, and eating habits), a high score (Q5) in "efficient diet pattern" was significantly related to a lower likelihood of hypertension than a low score (Q1). The prevalence of hypertension among the participants was relatively very high. An increase in age and working in educational sector were risk factors associated with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that civil servants engage in frequent exercise and undergo regular medical checkups, especially as they get older. These findings highlight the need for large-scale assessment of the impact of variables considered in this study on hypertension, among the civil workforce across Niger state and Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Decision Making Autonomy and Maternal Healthcare Utilization among Nigerian Women

International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA), 2019

Background and Objectives: Low assess to ante-natal care (ANC) services continue to pose a major ... more Background and Objectives: Low assess to ante-natal care (ANC) services continue to pose a major public health challenge leading to high maternal mortality rates in developing countries. Non-utilization of ANC services among about a quarter of Nigerian women of reproductive age remains a major concern in the actualization of Sustainable Development Goals. Considering the complexity of healthcare utilization in Nigeria, the relationship between a particular health care utilization pattern and women autonomy has not been fully examined. This study examines the patterns of women autonomy and their relationships with ANC utilization in Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2013 nationally representative data from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Factor analysis/score were used to construct women autonomy index, while chi-square and logistic regression were used to establish the relationships between the response and exposure variables. Results: T...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors Associated with Multimorbidity among Children Aged Under-Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background/purpose: Globally, the prevalence of multimorbidity (defined as the cooccurrence of tw... more Background/purpose: Globally, the prevalence of multimorbidity (defined as the cooccurrence of two or more diseases in an individual without reference to an index disease) is greater than 33%. Consequently, childhood multimorbidity, a growing public health concern in Low- and Middle-Income-Countries (LMICs), frequently has an impact on children’s health. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to locate and describe studies that investigate the association between socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors and the prevalence of multimorbidity among children aged under five years in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods/Design: We searched MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for papers written in English, and published between January 1990 and March 2022. The search included papers that focused on children aged under five years with multimorbidity from Sub-Saharan Africa and used classical regress...

Research paper thumbnail of A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Predictor Variables Associated with the Malaria Status among Children under Five Years in Sub-Saharan Africa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health ... more Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most malaria-endemic region in the world. Evidence synthesis of the factors associated with malaria among children aged under-five in SSA is urgently needed. This would help to inform decisions that policymakers and executors in the region need to make for the effective distribution of scarce palliative resources to curb the spread of the illness. This scoping review is aimed at identifying studies that have used multivariate classical regression analysis to determine the predictors associated with malaria among children under five years old in SSA. Methods/Design: The search terms followed population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, setting (PICOTS), and were used in searching through the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Measure DHS. The databases were...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the Reasons for Partial and Non-immunization of Children in Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria: Methodological Comparison

Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most impo... more Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most important cost effective and public health strategies to reduce childhood preventable morbidity and mortalities arising from infectious diseases. A recent report released by World Health Organization (WHO) stated that 1 in 10 infants did not receive vaccination in 2016. Also, a survey conducted in Bida Emirate Area of Niger State Nigeria in 2015 found that full routine immunization coverage in this area was less than 30%. The aim of this study was to establish the full routine immunization status and the reasons for its partial and non-immunization of children in Wushishi Local Government Area using WHO recommended cluster survey method and contrast with Factor Analysis (FA) method to see if the same results were achieved. The findings showed that the full immunization status for this area was very low (36%) and the results of analysis of reasons for failure from both methods seem contradict...

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Children Under-Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020

Background/Purpose: Malnutrition is a significant global public health burden with greater concer... more Background/Purpose: Malnutrition is a significant global public health burden with greater concern among children under five years in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To effectively address the problem of malnutrition, especially in resource-scarce communities, knowing the prevalence, causes and risk factors associated with it are essential steps. This scoping review aimed to identify the existing literature that uses classical regression analysis on nationally representative health survey data sets to find the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with malnutrition among children under five years of age in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Methods: The electronic databases searched include EMBASE (OVID platform), PubMed (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Cochrane Library. Only papers written in the English language, and for which the publication date was between 1 January 1990 and 31 ...

Research paper thumbnail of A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Risk Factors Associated with the Malaria Status among Children Under-five Years in Sub-Sahara Africa

Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health O... more Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health Organization, (WHO), as the most malaria endemic region in the world. Evidence synthesis of the risk factors associated with malaria among children aged under-five in SSA is urgently needed. This would help to inform decisions that policy makers and executors in the region need to make for the effective distribution of scare palliative resources to curb the spread of the illness. This scoping review is aimed to identify studies that have used multivariate classical regression analysis to determine risk factors associated with malaria among children under-five years old in SSA. Methods/Design: The search terms followed PICOTS, (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting), and were used in searching through the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and MeasureDHS. The databases wer...

Research paper thumbnail of Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Malaria among Children 6-59 Months in Nigeria: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Logistic Model Approach

Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major worldwide public heal... more Background/Purpose: Over the last two decades, malaria has remained a major worldwide public health concern, especially in the developing countries leading to high morbidity and mortality among children. Nigeria is the world most burdened malaria endemic nation, contributing more than a quarter of global malaria cases. This study determined the prevalence of malaria among children 6-59 months in Nigeria, and the effects of individual and contextual factors. Methods: The study utilized data from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) involving a weighted sample size of 10,185 children who were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Given the hierarchical structure of the data set, such that children at level-1 are nested in community at level-2, and nested in states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at level-3, multilevel mixed effect logistic regression models were used for the analysis. Results: The proportion of children 6-59 months of age in Nigeria th...

Research paper thumbnail of A Scoping Review of the Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Children Under Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background/Purpose: Globally, anaemia is a severe public health condition affecting over 24% of t... more Background/Purpose: Globally, anaemia is a severe public health condition affecting over 24% of the world’s population. Children under five years old and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to this disease. This scoping review aimed to evaluate studies that used classical statistical regression methods on nationally representative health survey data to identify the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with developing anaemia among children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods/Design: The reporting pattern followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID platform), Web of Science, PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library, African Journal of online (AJOL), Google Scholar and Measure DHS. Results: The review...

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of dietary patterns, individual and workplace characteristics on blood pressure status among civil servants in Bida and Wushishi communities of Niger State, Nigeria

PLOS ONE, 2019

The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annu... more The global burden estimate of hypertension is alarming and results in several million deaths annually. A high incidence of sudden deaths from cardiovascular diseases in the civil workforce in Nigeria is often reported. However, the associations between Dietary Patterns (DPs), individual, and workplace characteristics of hypertension among this workforce have not been fully explored. This study aimed to identify DP in the Bida and Wushishi Communities of Niger State and establish its relationship with hypertension along with other individual and workplace characteristics. Factor analysis was used to establish DP, Chi-square test to identify their relationships with hypertension, and logistic regression to determine the predic-tor risk factors. The prevalence of hypertension was 43.7%; mean weight, height, and body fat were: 72.8±15 kg, 166±8.9 mm and 30.4%, respectively. Three DPs: "Efficient Diet," "Local diet," and "Energy Boost Diet" were identified. The factor loading scores for these factors were divided into quintiles Q1-Q5; none of them had a significant effect on hyperten-sion status. Conversely, increase in age, the Ministry, Department, and Agency (MDA) of employment, frequency of eating in restaurants, and obesity were identified as significant risk factors. After adjusting for confounders (age, body mass index, MDA, and eating habits), a high score (Q5) in "efficient diet pattern" was significantly related to a lower likelihood of hypertension than a low score (Q1). The prevalence of hypertension among the participants was relatively very high. An increase in age and working in educational sector were risk factors associated with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that civil servants engage in frequent exercise and undergo regular medical checkups, especially as they get older. These findings highlight the need for large-scale assessment of the impact of variables considered in this study on hypertension, among the civil workforce across Niger state and Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating the Reasons for Partial and Non-immunization of Children in Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria: Methodological Comparison

African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2018

Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most impo... more Immunization of children against childhood preventable diseases has remained one of the most important cost effective and
public health strategies to reduce childhood preventable morbidity and mortalities arising from infectious diseases. A recent
report released by World Health Organization (WHO) stated that 1 in 10 infants did not receive vaccination in 2016. Also, a
survey conducted in Bida Emirate Area of Niger State Nigeria in 2015 found that full routine immunization coverage in this area
was less than 30%. The aim of this study was to establish the full routine immunization status and the reasons for its partial and
non-immunization of children in Wushishi Local Government Area using WHO recommended cluster survey method and
contrast with Factor Analysis (FA) method to see if the same results were achieved. The findings showed that the full
immunization status for this area was very low (36%) and the results of analysis of reasons for failure from both methods seem
contradictory. However, it reflected that lack of proper information was strongest for both methods. The disparity obtained in the
two methods might be a result of methodological issues. The health implication is that much is expected to be done in the area of enlightenment campaign of the need for immunization and the need to complete the required basic dose especially in the rural
areas