Alastair Pearson | University of Portsmouth (original) (raw)
Papers by Alastair Pearson
Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2002
Abstracts of the ICA
By 1800, national surveys had become a priority for regimes around Europe, keen to centralise gov... more By 1800, national surveys had become a priority for regimes around Europe, keen to centralise government and secure territories during a period of significant political upheaval. Military requirements were paramount but the representation of relief remained woefully inadequate. Commanders, not content with simple rough impressions of relief, demanded effective representations from which absolute altitudes and gradients could be derived. However, innovative methods of relief depiction were unlikely to be spearheaded by new national mapping institutions, already committed to long-term mapping programmes. Conversely, for those independent cartographers and model makers, unfettered by the constraints that characterised national institutions, the pursuit of the optimum depiction of relief became a preoccupation verging on obsession. Inspired by early map and model makers, Swiss, German and Austrian cartographers embarked on a phase of developing more artistic, naturalistic means to create an illusion of the third dimension on the two-dimensional face of the map. Chromolithography had made possible the replacement of hachures by shading tones and the production of multicolour printed maps. As a result, a wide variety of maps appeared during the second half of the 19th century with hypsometric tints generating images of naturalistic and symbolic landscapes. Alternative and often competing methods of assigning colour in sequence were developed most notably in central Europe. This culminated in the publication of Schatthenplastik and Farbenplastik in 1898 in Vienna by Karl Peucker (1859-1940) a work that injected new life and debate into the pursuit of an optimum colour sequence for layered relief maps that would last well into the next century. This paper aims to assess the role of model making in initiating and fuelling a period of experimentation and development of relief portrayal. The increasing fascination with the natural wonders of the world combined with the growth of Alpine tourism kick started a period of private enterprise in which the production of relief models became a highly valued activity. Starting with the remarkable model of the Relief of Central Switzerland by Franz Ludwig Pfyffer von Wyher (1716-1802), through the exploits of Joachim Eugen Müller (1752-1833) (Figure 1) to the later models crafted by Xaver Imfeld (1853-1909), Simon Simon (1857-1925) and Fridolin Becker (1854-1922), this period witnessed a level of artistry and craftsmanship that has arguably never been surpassed. Figure 1. Relief of a part of the Bernese Oberland and the Valais 1:60,000, 74 x 109 cm, Joachim Eugen Müller, around 1800, provided a basis for the creation of the "Atlas Suisse par Meyer et Weiss".
Imago Mundi the International Journal For the History of Cartography, Jul 3, 2009
... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou... more ... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). (1) University of Portsmouth, ROYAUME-UNI (2) University of Nottingham, ROYAUME-UNI ... Carte de l'Amérique hispanique. ; Isaiah Bowman. ; ...
... System: Landownership and Agricultural Productivity in Pembrokeshire c 1850* By ALASTAIR PEAR... more ... System: Landownership and Agricultural Productivity in Pembrokeshire c 1850* By ALASTAIR PEARSON and PETER COLLIER ... It is a small coastal village with a sandy beach situated midway between Cardigan and Fishguard. Though locatedin the heart of the Welsh-...
Landscape History
Historically, meadows provided an essential crop of hay and common grazing in a delicately manage... more Historically, meadows provided an essential crop of hay and common grazing in a delicately managed sustainable system in harmony with their environment and were of vital importance to the agricultural cycle of farming communities. Using archival and remotely sensed data, this paper provides a speculative reconstruction of a former floodplain water management system and examines the changing fortunes of the floodplain meadows of the Rother valley, West Sussex, revealing the process of change in both the physical and cultural landscape. The inevitable decline of the floodplain meadows of the Rother was part of a nationwide transformation brought about by the introduction of new farming practices operating in a fastchanging tenurial landscape, dominated by the growth of landed estates where commoners' rights were viewed with growing contempt. Today, the current vista of the Rother reveals only remnants of the past landscape where marginal habitats, riparian fringes and meadows have made way for a monoculture of permanent pasture of poor conservation value, supporting low biodiversity and offering little to mitigate against flood risk and poor water quality. If floodplain meadow reinstatement is to be considered as part of a catchment-wide programme of landscape restoration measures then the results of this historical landscape analysis could act as a 'guiding image' for environmental managers and policy makers and a platform to rekindle once again community engagement with its landscape.
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2015
Imago Mundi, 2009
... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou... more ... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). (1) University of Portsmouth, ROYAUME-UNI (2) University of Nottingham, ROYAUME-UNI ... Carte de l'Amérique hispanique. ; Isaiah Bowman. ; ...
Antiquity, 2008
... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as ... more ... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as the Neolithic and the ... The cart ruts of Malta ... plan, often oblique to contours, and exhibit convergent or crossing patterns (anastomosis), or in the case of ancient quarry sites, parallel ...
Imago Mundi, Nov 28, 2014
Few maps mirror the history of the twentieth century as closely as the International Map of the W... more Few maps mirror the history of the twentieth century as closely as the International Map of the World (IMW). A proposal for a map of the entire globe on a scale of 1:1 million, using standard conventional signs, was presented at the Fifth International Geographical Congress in Berne in 1891 by the German geographer Albrecht Penck. More than two decades later, the final specification was finally published shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, a crisis that brought a halt to the international collaboration on which the project depended. The IMW’s fortunes waxed and waned over the next three decades, necessitating a major review of its continuing value after the Second World War. A new IMW Executive Commission under the chairmanship of John Kirtland Wright, Director of the American Geographical Society, was established at the 1949 Lisbon conference of the International Geographical Union. Drawing on Wright’s correspondence in the AGS archives, this paper examines the debates between the national cartographic agencies and related societies involved in the future of the IMW, with particular reference to the transfer of the project’s Central Bureau from the British Ordnance Survey in Southampton to the United Nations in New York in the early 1950s. This discussion, which focused mainly on the need to combine the IMW with an internationalized version of the US-dominated 1:1 million World Aeronautical Chart, reveals the on-going tensions between the ideals of scientific internationalism embodied in the IMW’s original proposal and the harsh realities of national self-interest in the early years of the Cold War.Peu de cartes reflètent aussi fidèlement l’histoire du XXe siècle que la Carte Internationale du Monde (CIM). Une proposition pour une carte du monde entier, à l’échelle du millionième, utilisant des conventions et des symboles standardisés, fut présentée au cinquième congrès international de géographie de Berne, en 1891, par le géographe allemand Albrecht Penck. Plus de deux décennies plus tard, les caractéristiques finales furent publiées peu de temps avant le déclenchement de la Première Guerre Mondiale, une crise qui mit un terme à la collaboration internationale dont dépendait le projet. Le sort de la CIM connut des hauts et des bas au cours des trois décennies suivantes, nécessitant une révision majeure après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale pour renforcer son utilité sur le long terme. Une nouvelle commission exécutive de la CIM, sous la direction de John Kirtland Wright, directeur de l’American Geographical Society (AGS), fut établie lors de la conférence de l’Union Géographique Internationale (UGI) de Lisbonne en 1949. A partir de la correspondance de Wright conservée dans les archives de l’AGS, cet article examine les débats entre les agences cartographiques nationales et les sociétés liées, engagées dans le projet concernant le futur de la CIM, en s’intéressant particulièrement au transfert du Bureau central du projet, de l’Ordnance Survey britannique à Southampton, vers les Nations Unies à New-York au début des années 1950. Cette discussion, qui se concentrait principalement sur la question d’une articulation entre la CIM et une version internationale de la Carte Aéronautique Internationale au millionième, contrôlée par les Etats-Unis, révèle les tensions en cours entre les idéaux de l’internationalisme scientifique contenus dans la proposition initiale de CIM et les dures réalités des égoïsmes nationaux dans les premières années de la Guerre Froide.Wenige Karten spiegeln die Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts so anschaulich wie die Internationale Weltkarte (IWK). Der Vorschlag, eine Karte der gesamten Erdoberfläche im Maßstab 1:1 Million unter Verwendung standardisierter Konstruktions- und Zeichenvorschriften zu erarbeiten, wurde 1891 auf dem 5. Internationalen Geographischen Kongress in Bern von dem deutschen Geographen Albrecht Penck vorgelegt. Mehr als zwanzig Jahre später wurden die endgültigen Spezifikationen veröffentlicht–kurz vor dem Ausbruch des 1. Weltkrieges, durch den die für das Projekt zentrale internationale Zusammenarbeit beendet wurde. Während der folgenden drei Jahrzehnte durchlebte die IWK ein Auf und Ab. Nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg war es notwendig, ihre anhaltende Bedeutung grundlegend neu zu definieren. 1949 wurde eine neue Executive Commission unter der Leitung von John Kirtland Wright, Direktor der American Geographical Society (AGS), auf der Tagung der Internationale Geographische Union (IGU) in Lissabon etabliert. Basierend auf der Korrespondenz von Wright in den Archiven der AGS untersucht dieser Beitrag die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den nationalen kartographischen Institutionen und Gesellschaften, die an dem Projekt beteiligt waren. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Verlegung des Central Bureaus dieses Projekts gelegt, das Anfang der 1950er Jahre vom British Ordnance Survey in Southampton zu den Vereinten Nationen (UN) in New York transferiert wurde. Die Diskussionen, die hauptsächlich um die Notwenigkeit, die IWK mit einer internationalisierten Version der US-dominierten World Aeronautical Chart 1:1 Million zu verbinden, geführt wurden, enthüllen die ständigen Konflikte zwischen den Idealen eines wissenschaftlichen Internationalismus, wie ihn der ursprüngliche Vorschlag zur IWK verkörperte, und den harschen Realitäten nationaler Egoismen in den frühen Jahren des Kalten Krieges.Pocos mapas reflejan la historia del siglo XX tan estrechamente como el Mapa Internacional del Mundo (IMW). Una propuesta para un mapa de todo el globo a una escala de 1:1 millón, usando las convenciones y símbolos estándar, fue presentado al quinto Congreso Geográfico Internacional (IGC) en Berna, en 1891 por el geógrafo alemán Albrecht Penck. Más de dos décadas después las especificaciones finales fueron por fin publicadas un poco antes del comienzo de la Primera Guerra Mundial, una crisis que paralizó la colaboración internacional de la que dependía el proyecto. La suerte del IMW sufrió altibajos durante las siguientes tres décadas, necesitando una gran revisión para ponerlo al día después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Una nueva Comisión ejecutiva del IMW bajo la supervisión de John Kirtland Wright, Director de la Sociedad Geográfica Americana (AGS), se estableció en la conferencia de la Unión Geográfica Internacional (IGU) en Lisboa, en 1949. Estudiando la correspondencia de Wright en los archivos de la AGS, este artículo examina los debates entre las agencias cartográficas nacionales y las sociedades afines, involucradas en el proyecto acerca del futuro de la IMW, con particular referencia al traslado del Bureau Central del proyecto desde la British Ordnance Survey en Southampton a las Naciones Unidas (UN) en Nueva York en los primeros 1950. La discusión, que se centraba mayormente en la necesidad de combinar el IMW con una versión internacionalizada de la estadounidense Carta Aeronaútica del Mundo a 1:1 millón, revela las crecientes disputas entre los ideales del internacionalismo científico, incorporado a la propuesta original del IMW, y las duras realidades de los intereses nacionales en los primeros años de la Guerra Fría.
Cartographic Journal the, Nov 30, 1996
... 33 NO.2 pp. 131-139 December 1996 131 The State of Mapping in the ForDler Satellite Countries... more ... 33 NO.2 pp. 131-139 December 1996 131 The State of Mapping in the ForDler Satellite Countries of Eastern Europe Peter Collie~ Dominic Fontana) Alastair Pearsonand Andrew Ryder Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hants POI 3HE. ...
Geological Society London Special Publications
The historic cart ruts of Malta are incised into the underlying bedrock topography. Anomalous rel... more The historic cart ruts of Malta are incised into the underlying bedrock topography. Anomalous relationships between their routeways and the uneven terrain beneath suggest that they originated on a land surface different from that of today. An exposure close to a cart-rut location near Naxxar reveals evidence of limestone terrain development and its role in the evolution of the cart-rut patterns. Specifically, it reveals that cart trackways were most probably superimposed from a soil cover onto an underlying bedrock surface topographically different from the former soil surface. A model is developed demonstrating likely relationships between human activity, soil erosion and trackway evolution leading to the incision of the trackways into the bedrock.
Antiquity, 2008
... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as ... more ... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as the Neolithic and the ... The cart ruts of Malta ... plan, often oblique to contours, and exhibit convergent or crossing patterns (anastomosis), or in the case of ancient quarry sites, parallel ...
International web journal on sciences and technologies affined to history of cartography and maps... more International web journal on sciences and technologies affined to history of cartography and maps ... Borbinha J., G. Pedrosa, J. Luzio, H. Manguinhas, B. Martins The DIGMAP virtual digital library, 1-8 ... Manguinhas H., B. Martins, J. Borbinha, W. Siabato The DIGMAP geo-temporal web gazetteer service, 9-24 ... Martins B., H. Manguinhas, J. Borbinha, W. Siabato A geo-temporal information extraction service for processing descriptive metadata in digital libraries, 25-37 ... Capdevilla J., R. Bonilla Cartographic patrimony in the Spanish SDI. The cadastral series ...
Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2002
Abstracts of the ICA
By 1800, national surveys had become a priority for regimes around Europe, keen to centralise gov... more By 1800, national surveys had become a priority for regimes around Europe, keen to centralise government and secure territories during a period of significant political upheaval. Military requirements were paramount but the representation of relief remained woefully inadequate. Commanders, not content with simple rough impressions of relief, demanded effective representations from which absolute altitudes and gradients could be derived. However, innovative methods of relief depiction were unlikely to be spearheaded by new national mapping institutions, already committed to long-term mapping programmes. Conversely, for those independent cartographers and model makers, unfettered by the constraints that characterised national institutions, the pursuit of the optimum depiction of relief became a preoccupation verging on obsession. Inspired by early map and model makers, Swiss, German and Austrian cartographers embarked on a phase of developing more artistic, naturalistic means to create an illusion of the third dimension on the two-dimensional face of the map. Chromolithography had made possible the replacement of hachures by shading tones and the production of multicolour printed maps. As a result, a wide variety of maps appeared during the second half of the 19th century with hypsometric tints generating images of naturalistic and symbolic landscapes. Alternative and often competing methods of assigning colour in sequence were developed most notably in central Europe. This culminated in the publication of Schatthenplastik and Farbenplastik in 1898 in Vienna by Karl Peucker (1859-1940) a work that injected new life and debate into the pursuit of an optimum colour sequence for layered relief maps that would last well into the next century. This paper aims to assess the role of model making in initiating and fuelling a period of experimentation and development of relief portrayal. The increasing fascination with the natural wonders of the world combined with the growth of Alpine tourism kick started a period of private enterprise in which the production of relief models became a highly valued activity. Starting with the remarkable model of the Relief of Central Switzerland by Franz Ludwig Pfyffer von Wyher (1716-1802), through the exploits of Joachim Eugen Müller (1752-1833) (Figure 1) to the later models crafted by Xaver Imfeld (1853-1909), Simon Simon (1857-1925) and Fridolin Becker (1854-1922), this period witnessed a level of artistry and craftsmanship that has arguably never been surpassed. Figure 1. Relief of a part of the Bernese Oberland and the Valais 1:60,000, 74 x 109 cm, Joachim Eugen Müller, around 1800, provided a basis for the creation of the "Atlas Suisse par Meyer et Weiss".
Imago Mundi the International Journal For the History of Cartography, Jul 3, 2009
... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou... more ... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). (1) University of Portsmouth, ROYAUME-UNI (2) University of Nottingham, ROYAUME-UNI ... Carte de l'Amérique hispanique. ; Isaiah Bowman. ; ...
... System: Landownership and Agricultural Productivity in Pembrokeshire c 1850* By ALASTAIR PEAR... more ... System: Landownership and Agricultural Productivity in Pembrokeshire c 1850* By ALASTAIR PEARSON and PETER COLLIER ... It is a small coastal village with a sandy beach situated midway between Cardigan and Fishguard. Though locatedin the heart of the Welsh-...
Landscape History
Historically, meadows provided an essential crop of hay and common grazing in a delicately manage... more Historically, meadows provided an essential crop of hay and common grazing in a delicately managed sustainable system in harmony with their environment and were of vital importance to the agricultural cycle of farming communities. Using archival and remotely sensed data, this paper provides a speculative reconstruction of a former floodplain water management system and examines the changing fortunes of the floodplain meadows of the Rother valley, West Sussex, revealing the process of change in both the physical and cultural landscape. The inevitable decline of the floodplain meadows of the Rother was part of a nationwide transformation brought about by the introduction of new farming practices operating in a fastchanging tenurial landscape, dominated by the growth of landed estates where commoners' rights were viewed with growing contempt. Today, the current vista of the Rother reveals only remnants of the past landscape where marginal habitats, riparian fringes and meadows have made way for a monoculture of permanent pasture of poor conservation value, supporting low biodiversity and offering little to mitigate against flood risk and poor water quality. If floodplain meadow reinstatement is to be considered as part of a catchment-wide programme of landscape restoration measures then the results of this historical landscape analysis could act as a 'guiding image' for environmental managers and policy makers and a platform to rekindle once again community engagement with its landscape.
Journal of Latin American Geography, 2015
Imago Mundi, 2009
... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou... more ... Auteur(s) / Author(s). PEARSON Alastair W. (1) ; HEFFERNAN Michael (2) ; Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s). (1) University of Portsmouth, ROYAUME-UNI (2) University of Nottingham, ROYAUME-UNI ... Carte de l'Amérique hispanique. ; Isaiah Bowman. ; ...
Antiquity, 2008
... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as ... more ... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as the Neolithic and the ... The cart ruts of Malta ... plan, often oblique to contours, and exhibit convergent or crossing patterns (anastomosis), or in the case of ancient quarry sites, parallel ...
Imago Mundi, Nov 28, 2014
Few maps mirror the history of the twentieth century as closely as the International Map of the W... more Few maps mirror the history of the twentieth century as closely as the International Map of the World (IMW). A proposal for a map of the entire globe on a scale of 1:1 million, using standard conventional signs, was presented at the Fifth International Geographical Congress in Berne in 1891 by the German geographer Albrecht Penck. More than two decades later, the final specification was finally published shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, a crisis that brought a halt to the international collaboration on which the project depended. The IMW’s fortunes waxed and waned over the next three decades, necessitating a major review of its continuing value after the Second World War. A new IMW Executive Commission under the chairmanship of John Kirtland Wright, Director of the American Geographical Society, was established at the 1949 Lisbon conference of the International Geographical Union. Drawing on Wright’s correspondence in the AGS archives, this paper examines the debates between the national cartographic agencies and related societies involved in the future of the IMW, with particular reference to the transfer of the project’s Central Bureau from the British Ordnance Survey in Southampton to the United Nations in New York in the early 1950s. This discussion, which focused mainly on the need to combine the IMW with an internationalized version of the US-dominated 1:1 million World Aeronautical Chart, reveals the on-going tensions between the ideals of scientific internationalism embodied in the IMW’s original proposal and the harsh realities of national self-interest in the early years of the Cold War.Peu de cartes reflètent aussi fidèlement l’histoire du XXe siècle que la Carte Internationale du Monde (CIM). Une proposition pour une carte du monde entier, à l’échelle du millionième, utilisant des conventions et des symboles standardisés, fut présentée au cinquième congrès international de géographie de Berne, en 1891, par le géographe allemand Albrecht Penck. Plus de deux décennies plus tard, les caractéristiques finales furent publiées peu de temps avant le déclenchement de la Première Guerre Mondiale, une crise qui mit un terme à la collaboration internationale dont dépendait le projet. Le sort de la CIM connut des hauts et des bas au cours des trois décennies suivantes, nécessitant une révision majeure après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale pour renforcer son utilité sur le long terme. Une nouvelle commission exécutive de la CIM, sous la direction de John Kirtland Wright, directeur de l’American Geographical Society (AGS), fut établie lors de la conférence de l’Union Géographique Internationale (UGI) de Lisbonne en 1949. A partir de la correspondance de Wright conservée dans les archives de l’AGS, cet article examine les débats entre les agences cartographiques nationales et les sociétés liées, engagées dans le projet concernant le futur de la CIM, en s’intéressant particulièrement au transfert du Bureau central du projet, de l’Ordnance Survey britannique à Southampton, vers les Nations Unies à New-York au début des années 1950. Cette discussion, qui se concentrait principalement sur la question d’une articulation entre la CIM et une version internationale de la Carte Aéronautique Internationale au millionième, contrôlée par les Etats-Unis, révèle les tensions en cours entre les idéaux de l’internationalisme scientifique contenus dans la proposition initiale de CIM et les dures réalités des égoïsmes nationaux dans les premières années de la Guerre Froide.Wenige Karten spiegeln die Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts so anschaulich wie die Internationale Weltkarte (IWK). Der Vorschlag, eine Karte der gesamten Erdoberfläche im Maßstab 1:1 Million unter Verwendung standardisierter Konstruktions- und Zeichenvorschriften zu erarbeiten, wurde 1891 auf dem 5. Internationalen Geographischen Kongress in Bern von dem deutschen Geographen Albrecht Penck vorgelegt. Mehr als zwanzig Jahre später wurden die endgültigen Spezifikationen veröffentlicht–kurz vor dem Ausbruch des 1. Weltkrieges, durch den die für das Projekt zentrale internationale Zusammenarbeit beendet wurde. Während der folgenden drei Jahrzehnte durchlebte die IWK ein Auf und Ab. Nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg war es notwendig, ihre anhaltende Bedeutung grundlegend neu zu definieren. 1949 wurde eine neue Executive Commission unter der Leitung von John Kirtland Wright, Direktor der American Geographical Society (AGS), auf der Tagung der Internationale Geographische Union (IGU) in Lissabon etabliert. Basierend auf der Korrespondenz von Wright in den Archiven der AGS untersucht dieser Beitrag die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den nationalen kartographischen Institutionen und Gesellschaften, die an dem Projekt beteiligt waren. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die Verlegung des Central Bureaus dieses Projekts gelegt, das Anfang der 1950er Jahre vom British Ordnance Survey in Southampton zu den Vereinten Nationen (UN) in New York transferiert wurde. Die Diskussionen, die hauptsächlich um die Notwenigkeit, die IWK mit einer internationalisierten Version der US-dominierten World Aeronautical Chart 1:1 Million zu verbinden, geführt wurden, enthüllen die ständigen Konflikte zwischen den Idealen eines wissenschaftlichen Internationalismus, wie ihn der ursprüngliche Vorschlag zur IWK verkörperte, und den harschen Realitäten nationaler Egoismen in den frühen Jahren des Kalten Krieges.Pocos mapas reflejan la historia del siglo XX tan estrechamente como el Mapa Internacional del Mundo (IMW). Una propuesta para un mapa de todo el globo a una escala de 1:1 millón, usando las convenciones y símbolos estándar, fue presentado al quinto Congreso Geográfico Internacional (IGC) en Berna, en 1891 por el geógrafo alemán Albrecht Penck. Más de dos décadas después las especificaciones finales fueron por fin publicadas un poco antes del comienzo de la Primera Guerra Mundial, una crisis que paralizó la colaboración internacional de la que dependía el proyecto. La suerte del IMW sufrió altibajos durante las siguientes tres décadas, necesitando una gran revisión para ponerlo al día después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Una nueva Comisión ejecutiva del IMW bajo la supervisión de John Kirtland Wright, Director de la Sociedad Geográfica Americana (AGS), se estableció en la conferencia de la Unión Geográfica Internacional (IGU) en Lisboa, en 1949. Estudiando la correspondencia de Wright en los archivos de la AGS, este artículo examina los debates entre las agencias cartográficas nacionales y las sociedades afines, involucradas en el proyecto acerca del futuro de la IMW, con particular referencia al traslado del Bureau Central del proyecto desde la British Ordnance Survey en Southampton a las Naciones Unidas (UN) en Nueva York en los primeros 1950. La discusión, que se centraba mayormente en la necesidad de combinar el IMW con una versión internacionalizada de la estadounidense Carta Aeronaútica del Mundo a 1:1 millón, revela las crecientes disputas entre los ideales del internacionalismo científico, incorporado a la propuesta original del IMW, y las duras realidades de los intereses nacionales en los primeros años de la Guerra Fría.
Cartographic Journal the, Nov 30, 1996
... 33 NO.2 pp. 131-139 December 1996 131 The State of Mapping in the ForDler Satellite Countries... more ... 33 NO.2 pp. 131-139 December 1996 131 The State of Mapping in the ForDler Satellite Countries of Eastern Europe Peter Collie~ Dominic Fontana) Alastair Pearsonand Andrew Ryder Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hants POI 3HE. ...
Geological Society London Special Publications
The historic cart ruts of Malta are incised into the underlying bedrock topography. Anomalous rel... more The historic cart ruts of Malta are incised into the underlying bedrock topography. Anomalous relationships between their routeways and the uneven terrain beneath suggest that they originated on a land surface different from that of today. An exposure close to a cart-rut location near Naxxar reveals evidence of limestone terrain development and its role in the evolution of the cart-rut patterns. Specifically, it reveals that cart trackways were most probably superimposed from a soil cover onto an underlying bedrock surface topographically different from the former soil surface. A model is developed demonstrating likely relationships between human activity, soil erosion and trackway evolution leading to the incision of the trackways into the bedrock.
Antiquity, 2008
... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as ... more ... the Punic occupation (c. 600 BC) and the Roman period (post 218 BC), and ranged as widely as the Neolithic and the ... The cart ruts of Malta ... plan, often oblique to contours, and exhibit convergent or crossing patterns (anastomosis), or in the case of ancient quarry sites, parallel ...
International web journal on sciences and technologies affined to history of cartography and maps... more International web journal on sciences and technologies affined to history of cartography and maps ... Borbinha J., G. Pedrosa, J. Luzio, H. Manguinhas, B. Martins The DIGMAP virtual digital library, 1-8 ... Manguinhas H., B. Martins, J. Borbinha, W. Siabato The DIGMAP geo-temporal web gazetteer service, 9-24 ... Martins B., H. Manguinhas, J. Borbinha, W. Siabato A geo-temporal information extraction service for processing descriptive metadata in digital libraries, 25-37 ... Capdevilla J., R. Bonilla Cartographic patrimony in the Spanish SDI. The cadastral series ...