Glenn Hadikin | University of Portsmouth (original) (raw)
Papers by Glenn Hadikin
English Today, 2015
The Liverpool football manager, Brendan Rodgers, was clearly upset. He had just seen the title ch... more The Liverpool football manager, Brendan Rodgers, was clearly upset. He had just seen the title chances of his vibrant attacking team, scorers of more league goals than any other team in England, suffer a major setback, with defeat against Chelsea: ‘They parkedtwobuses, rather than one’, he lamented of the Chelsea tactics in a post-match interview: ‘from the first minute, they had 10 men behind the ball. We were the team trying to win, but we just couldn't make the breakthrough’ (Bevan, 2014). A few days later, after Chelsea had lost to Atlético Madrid in the second leg of a European Champions League semi-final, after playing very defensively in the first leg, this defeat was celebrated by vengeful rival fans on twitter, drawing on the same ‘park the bus’ metaphor, e.g. ‘when you park the bus, make sure it's not near any red lines’ (the humour of which derives from Atlético playing inredand white stripes, while yellowlinesin the UK forbid parking, so the bus is penalized for ...
Open Linguistics, 2015
In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language de... more In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language development - lexical selection, and its biological equivalent - natural selection. Based on Dawkins' (1976) concept of the meme I discuss two units of language and explore their potential to be seen as linguistic replicators. The central discussion revolves around two key parts - the units that could potentially play the role of replicators in a lexical selection system and a visual representation of the model proposed. draw on work by Hoey (2005), Wray (2008) and Sinclair (1996, 1998) for the theoretical basis; Croft (2000) is highlighted as a similar framework. Finally brief examples are taken from the free online corpora provided by the corpus analysis tool Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff, Rychly, Smrz and Tugwell 2004) to ground the discussion in real world communicative situations. The examples highlight the point that different situational contexts will allow for different units to fl...
Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 2014
The English language is changing every day and it is us – the individual speakers and writers – t... more The English language is changing every day and it is us – the individual speakers and writers – that drive those changes in small ways by choosing to use certain strings of words over others. This book discusses and describes some of the choices made by speakers from South Korea by examining the similarities and differences between two Korean communities: one in England and one in South Korea. The book has two overall aims. Firstly, it is intended to begin a discussion about phraseology and Lexical Priming and how these theoretical concepts relate and play out in the context of a New English. Secondly, it provides a model of how a language variety can be explored by detailed analysis of short strings. It delves into a range of areas from World Englishes to phraseology and formulaic language and would be suitable for students, teachers and researchers in all these areas.
English language programmes have been running in South Korea since 1883 (Shim 1999) but one rarel... more English language programmes have been running in South Korea since 1883 (Shim 1999) but one rarely sees academic papers discussing the use and development of English in that country. Shim (1999) argues that a form of codified Korean English is even taught in ...
Corpora, 2014
This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New Engl... more This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New English that is rarely discussed in published articles. With a theoretical framework based on Hoey's (2005) Theory of Lexical Priming, the lexical environment surrounding the items a, an and the in two Korean corpora (one comprising Korean English speakers in Liverpool, England, and the other, speakers in Seoul, Korea) are compared with two British comparator corpora. The results show a balance of differences and similarities between the Korean corpora, and this may suggest that, while Korean English is distinct from British varieties, recent priming effects and the L1 are interacting in complex ways that give each corpus a unique identity.
There is little doubt that the study of large bodies of natural text is providing the research co... more There is little doubt that the study of large bodies of natural text is providing the research community with new and exciting ways of exploring language. Halliday (1994) suggests that linguistics today is ‘more or less where physics was in the fifteenth century’, and Sinclair (1991) states that until recently ‘the situation was similar to that of the physical sciences 250 years ago.’ Amongst this wave of excitement, though, one may wonder how it all affects the humble language learner sitting in a classroom wondering how to express the thoughts in her head in English. My personal experience teaching in the Republic of Korea first sparked my interest in phraseology and lexical patterns. Students used certain phrases and ways of expressing themselves that appeared consistent from class to class yet were significantly different from both the target variety, standard American English and the L1. Indeed, Thorkelson (2005) showed that many Korean students will edit an English article dif...
Research Evaluation
This paper applies DICTION computer-assisted text analysis software to evaluate the tone of resea... more This paper applies DICTION computer-assisted text analysis software to evaluate the tone of research 'Environment' submissions by Business and Management Studies schools in the UK's 2014 Research Evaluation Framework. We find that submissions contain distinctive differences in semantic tone between high-ranked and low-ranked universities, particularly in terms of DICTION's master variable, ACTIVITY. The language of high-ranked institutions has a tone of low ACTIVITY, whereas the language of low-ranked institutions has a tone of high ACTIVITY. More adjectives are used than expected: by high-ranked universities to bolster strong public reputations; and by low-ranked universities to atone for weaknesses. High-ranked universities are advantaged because they are more likely to be represented on assessing panels and be better-attuned to reader expectations. The results suggest that lowranked universities could have achieved higher scores by reflecting on particular areas of word choice and the potential effects of those choices on assessors.
British Journal of Management
There has been much debate about university research assessment exercises. In the UK, a major ele... more There has been much debate about university research assessment exercises. In the UK, a major element of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF2014) has been the research 'Environment'. Here we analyse 98 REF2014 'Environment' submissions in Business and Management Studies. We explore whether there are distinctive languagerelated differences between submissions of high and low ranked universities, and conclude that submission writers have a strong incentive to exaggerate strengths and conceal problems. In addition, innate biases such as the 'halo' and 'velcro' effects may distract the attention of assessors from a submission's strengths and weaknesses, since they are likely to influence their pre-existing impressions. We propose several changes to improve how 'Environment' is evaluated. We also argue that the research 'Environment' would be more likely to be enhanced if the number of outputs submitted in future were an average of two and a maximum of four per academic, rather than the maximum of six currently being considered.
In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language de... more In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language development - lexical selection, and its biological equivalent - natural selection. Based on Dawkins' (1976) concept of the meme I discuss two units of language and explore their potential to be seen as linguistic replicators. The central discussion revolves around two key parts - the units that could potentially play the role of replicators in a lexical selection system and a visual representation of the model proposed.
I draw on work by Hoey (2005), Wray (2008) and Sinclair (1996, 1998) for the theoretical basis; Croft (2000) is highlighted as a similar framework. Finally brief examples are taken from the free online corpora provided by the corpus analysis tool Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff, Rychly, Smrz and Tugwell 2004) to ground the discussion in real world communicative situations. The examples highlight the point that different situational contexts will allow for different units to flourish based on the local social and linguistic environment. The paper also shows how a close look at the specific context and strings available to a language user at any given moment has potential to illuminate different aspects of language when compared with a more abstract approach.
This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New Engl... more This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New English that is rarely discussed in published articles. With a theoretical framework based on Hoey's (2005) Theory of Lexical Priming, the lexical environment surrounding the items a, an and the in two Korean corpora (one comprising Korean English speakers in Liverpool, England, and the other, speakers in Seoul, Korea) are compared with two British comparator corpora. The results show a balance of differences and similarities between the Korean corpora, and this may suggest that, while Korean English is distinct from British varieties, recent priming effects and the L1 are interacting in complex ways that give each corpus a unique identity.
This paper introduces the emerging new variety of Korean English to what may be a relatively new ... more This paper introduces the emerging new variety of Korean English to what may be a relatively new audience. suggested that Korean English was codified in the form of school textbooks by the end of the 1980s; now, more than 20 years later it would be reasonable to expect a number of Koreanised forms to be detectable in contemporary Korean spoken English but, to my knowledge, there has never been a corpus-driven study that explores this variety. With a theoretical backdrop based on a new theory of language, Hoey's theory of Lexical Priming (Hoey, 2005), I explore three high frequency lexical strings, 'do you know', 'but you know' and 'and you know' and their variation in two corpora of Korean English and two of British English. The results suggest that Korean speakers use certain strings as extended connectives to 'buy' extra processing time and the study raises interesting questions about the relationship between string form and meaning.
English Today, 2015
The Liverpool football manager, Brendan Rodgers, was clearly upset. He had just seen the title ch... more The Liverpool football manager, Brendan Rodgers, was clearly upset. He had just seen the title chances of his vibrant attacking team, scorers of more league goals than any other team in England, suffer a major setback, with defeat against Chelsea: ‘They parkedtwobuses, rather than one’, he lamented of the Chelsea tactics in a post-match interview: ‘from the first minute, they had 10 men behind the ball. We were the team trying to win, but we just couldn't make the breakthrough’ (Bevan, 2014). A few days later, after Chelsea had lost to Atlético Madrid in the second leg of a European Champions League semi-final, after playing very defensively in the first leg, this defeat was celebrated by vengeful rival fans on twitter, drawing on the same ‘park the bus’ metaphor, e.g. ‘when you park the bus, make sure it's not near any red lines’ (the humour of which derives from Atlético playing inredand white stripes, while yellowlinesin the UK forbid parking, so the bus is penalized for ...
Open Linguistics, 2015
In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language de... more In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language development - lexical selection, and its biological equivalent - natural selection. Based on Dawkins' (1976) concept of the meme I discuss two units of language and explore their potential to be seen as linguistic replicators. The central discussion revolves around two key parts - the units that could potentially play the role of replicators in a lexical selection system and a visual representation of the model proposed. draw on work by Hoey (2005), Wray (2008) and Sinclair (1996, 1998) for the theoretical basis; Croft (2000) is highlighted as a similar framework. Finally brief examples are taken from the free online corpora provided by the corpus analysis tool Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff, Rychly, Smrz and Tugwell 2004) to ground the discussion in real world communicative situations. The examples highlight the point that different situational contexts will allow for different units to fl...
Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 2014
The English language is changing every day and it is us – the individual speakers and writers – t... more The English language is changing every day and it is us – the individual speakers and writers – that drive those changes in small ways by choosing to use certain strings of words over others. This book discusses and describes some of the choices made by speakers from South Korea by examining the similarities and differences between two Korean communities: one in England and one in South Korea. The book has two overall aims. Firstly, it is intended to begin a discussion about phraseology and Lexical Priming and how these theoretical concepts relate and play out in the context of a New English. Secondly, it provides a model of how a language variety can be explored by detailed analysis of short strings. It delves into a range of areas from World Englishes to phraseology and formulaic language and would be suitable for students, teachers and researchers in all these areas.
English language programmes have been running in South Korea since 1883 (Shim 1999) but one rarel... more English language programmes have been running in South Korea since 1883 (Shim 1999) but one rarely sees academic papers discussing the use and development of English in that country. Shim (1999) argues that a form of codified Korean English is even taught in ...
Corpora, 2014
This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New Engl... more This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New English that is rarely discussed in published articles. With a theoretical framework based on Hoey's (2005) Theory of Lexical Priming, the lexical environment surrounding the items a, an and the in two Korean corpora (one comprising Korean English speakers in Liverpool, England, and the other, speakers in Seoul, Korea) are compared with two British comparator corpora. The results show a balance of differences and similarities between the Korean corpora, and this may suggest that, while Korean English is distinct from British varieties, recent priming effects and the L1 are interacting in complex ways that give each corpus a unique identity.
There is little doubt that the study of large bodies of natural text is providing the research co... more There is little doubt that the study of large bodies of natural text is providing the research community with new and exciting ways of exploring language. Halliday (1994) suggests that linguistics today is ‘more or less where physics was in the fifteenth century’, and Sinclair (1991) states that until recently ‘the situation was similar to that of the physical sciences 250 years ago.’ Amongst this wave of excitement, though, one may wonder how it all affects the humble language learner sitting in a classroom wondering how to express the thoughts in her head in English. My personal experience teaching in the Republic of Korea first sparked my interest in phraseology and lexical patterns. Students used certain phrases and ways of expressing themselves that appeared consistent from class to class yet were significantly different from both the target variety, standard American English and the L1. Indeed, Thorkelson (2005) showed that many Korean students will edit an English article dif...
Research Evaluation
This paper applies DICTION computer-assisted text analysis software to evaluate the tone of resea... more This paper applies DICTION computer-assisted text analysis software to evaluate the tone of research 'Environment' submissions by Business and Management Studies schools in the UK's 2014 Research Evaluation Framework. We find that submissions contain distinctive differences in semantic tone between high-ranked and low-ranked universities, particularly in terms of DICTION's master variable, ACTIVITY. The language of high-ranked institutions has a tone of low ACTIVITY, whereas the language of low-ranked institutions has a tone of high ACTIVITY. More adjectives are used than expected: by high-ranked universities to bolster strong public reputations; and by low-ranked universities to atone for weaknesses. High-ranked universities are advantaged because they are more likely to be represented on assessing panels and be better-attuned to reader expectations. The results suggest that lowranked universities could have achieved higher scores by reflecting on particular areas of word choice and the potential effects of those choices on assessors.
British Journal of Management
There has been much debate about university research assessment exercises. In the UK, a major ele... more There has been much debate about university research assessment exercises. In the UK, a major element of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF2014) has been the research 'Environment'. Here we analyse 98 REF2014 'Environment' submissions in Business and Management Studies. We explore whether there are distinctive languagerelated differences between submissions of high and low ranked universities, and conclude that submission writers have a strong incentive to exaggerate strengths and conceal problems. In addition, innate biases such as the 'halo' and 'velcro' effects may distract the attention of assessors from a submission's strengths and weaknesses, since they are likely to influence their pre-existing impressions. We propose several changes to improve how 'Environment' is evaluated. We also argue that the research 'Environment' would be more likely to be enhanced if the number of outputs submitted in future were an average of two and a maximum of four per academic, rather than the maximum of six currently being considered.
In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language de... more In this paper I discuss similarities and differences between a potential new model of language development - lexical selection, and its biological equivalent - natural selection. Based on Dawkins' (1976) concept of the meme I discuss two units of language and explore their potential to be seen as linguistic replicators. The central discussion revolves around two key parts - the units that could potentially play the role of replicators in a lexical selection system and a visual representation of the model proposed.
I draw on work by Hoey (2005), Wray (2008) and Sinclair (1996, 1998) for the theoretical basis; Croft (2000) is highlighted as a similar framework. Finally brief examples are taken from the free online corpora provided by the corpus analysis tool Sketch Engine (Kilgarriff, Rychly, Smrz and Tugwell 2004) to ground the discussion in real world communicative situations. The examples highlight the point that different situational contexts will allow for different units to flourish based on the local social and linguistic environment. The paper also shows how a close look at the specific context and strings available to a language user at any given moment has potential to illuminate different aspects of language when compared with a more abstract approach.
This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New Engl... more This paper contains an analysis of small corpora of spoken Korean English – a burgeoning New English that is rarely discussed in published articles. With a theoretical framework based on Hoey's (2005) Theory of Lexical Priming, the lexical environment surrounding the items a, an and the in two Korean corpora (one comprising Korean English speakers in Liverpool, England, and the other, speakers in Seoul, Korea) are compared with two British comparator corpora. The results show a balance of differences and similarities between the Korean corpora, and this may suggest that, while Korean English is distinct from British varieties, recent priming effects and the L1 are interacting in complex ways that give each corpus a unique identity.
This paper introduces the emerging new variety of Korean English to what may be a relatively new ... more This paper introduces the emerging new variety of Korean English to what may be a relatively new audience. suggested that Korean English was codified in the form of school textbooks by the end of the 1980s; now, more than 20 years later it would be reasonable to expect a number of Koreanised forms to be detectable in contemporary Korean spoken English but, to my knowledge, there has never been a corpus-driven study that explores this variety. With a theoretical backdrop based on a new theory of language, Hoey's theory of Lexical Priming (Hoey, 2005), I explore three high frequency lexical strings, 'do you know', 'but you know' and 'and you know' and their variation in two corpora of Korean English and two of British English. The results suggest that Korean speakers use certain strings as extended connectives to 'buy' extra processing time and the study raises interesting questions about the relationship between string form and meaning.
The English language is changing every day and it is us – the individual speakers and writers – t... more The English language is changing every day and it is us – the individual speakers and writers – that drive those changes in small ways by choosing to use certain strings of words over others. This book discusses and describes some of the choices made by speakers from South Korea by examining the similarities and differences between two Korean communities: one in England and one in South Korea. The book has two overall aims. Firstly, it is intended to begin a discussion about phraseology and Lexical Priming and how these theoretical concepts relate and play out in the context of a New English. Secondly, it provides a model of how a language variety can be explored by detailed analysis of short strings. It delves into a range of areas from World Englishes to phraseology and formulaic language and would be suitable for students, teachers and researchers in all these areas.