Antiaris toxicaria (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science (original) (raw)

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Native to:

Andaman Is., Angola, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Hainan, India, Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malaya, Mali, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nigeria, Northern Territory, Queensland, Rwanda, Santa Cruz Is., Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre

Introduced into:

Fiji, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Wallis-Futuna Is.

Homotypic Synonyms

• Mithridatea toxicaria (J.F.Gmel.) F.Dietr. in Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 5: 106 (1819)
• Ipo toxicaria (J.F.Gmel.) Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 566 (1807)
• Cestrum toxicarium J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 1524, 389 (1792)

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
• Berg, C.C., Corner, E.J.H. & Jarrett, F.M. (2006). Flora Malesiana 17(1): 1-154. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
• Fischer, E., Rembold, K., Althof, A. & Obholzer, J. (2010). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Kakamega forest, Western province, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 129-226.
• Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
• Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.
• Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.
• Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
• Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
• Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
• Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
• Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
• Pusalkar, P.K., Mao, A.A. & Inge, P. (eds.) (2022). Flora of India 24: 1-688. Botanical Survey of India.
• Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
• Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2003). Flora of China 5: 1-505. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Kew Backbone Distributions

• Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
• Berg, C.C., Corner, E.J.H. & Jarrett, F.M. (2006). Flora Malesiana 17(1): 1-154. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
• Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
• Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Flora of Tropical East Africa

• C.C. Berg in Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 47: 309, 310 (1977).
• C.C. Berg in Fl. Cameroun 28: 106, t. 36, 37 (1985).
• Corner in Gard. Bull. Singapore 19: 244 (1962).
• Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees and Shrubs p. 308 (1961).
• Hamilton, Ug. For. Trees: 93 (1981).
• Leschen. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 16: 478, t. 22 (1810).
• W.J. Eggeling, Indigenous Trees of the Uganda Protectorate, ed. 2: 233 (1952).

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

IPNI - The International Plant Names Index External Link

View this species in the Tree of Life Explorer External Link

• • Angiosperm Threat Predictions
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• • Flora Zambesiaca
  • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
• • Flora of Tropical East Africa
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• • 'The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat [accessed on Day Month Year]'. Please enter the date on which you consulted the system.
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• • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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• • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
  • © Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
• • The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2024. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and https://powo.science.kew.org/
  • © Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
• • Copyright applied to individual images