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Papers by Ch. Broennimann
The PIBETA calorimeter is a fast, high resolution, 240-element segmented pure-CsI electromagnetic... more The PIBETA calorimeter is a fast, high resolution, 240-element segmented pure-CsI electromagnetic shower detector presently being built at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for a precise determination of the pi^+arrowpi^0e^+nu decay rate. Its response functions were studied in a series of in-beam measurements with an array of ~1/4 of the detector modules. Energy lineshapes and radial shower profiles for monoenergetic electrons, positrons and tagged photons from 10--70 MeV were determined with high event statistics. Competitive algorithms for individual detector gain matching and calorimeter tracking resolution were compared. All measured distributions were compared with results of a detailed and realistic GEANT Monte Carlo simulation of the calorimeter system. The GEANT code uses as input the light collection nonuniformity parameters and the associated number of photoelectrons/MeV measured for each crystal module in a dedicated tomography apparatus.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2001
Powder Diffraction, 2008
A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut in ... more A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland during the last decade. PILATUS detectors are two-dimensional hybrid pixel array detectors, which operate in single-photon counting mode. PILATUS detectors feature a very wide dynamic range (1:1 000 000), very short readout time (<3.0 ms), no readout noise, and very high counting rate (>2×106counts/s/pixel). In addition, a lower energy threshold can be set in order to suppress fluorescence background from the sample, thus a very good signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. The combination of these features for area detectors is unique and thus the PILATUS detectors are considered to be the next generation X-ray detectors. The basic building block of all the detectors is the PILATUS module having an active area of 83.8×33.5 mm2. The PILATUS 100K is a complete detector system with one module. PILATUS detector systems can have other configurations, including large area systems ...
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2010
Soft x-ray emission from a Mather-type plasma-focus device (PF-1000) operated at ∼400 kJ was meas... more Soft x-ray emission from a Mather-type plasma-focus device (PF-1000) operated at ∼400 kJ was measured. The high density and temperature plasma were generated by the discharge in the deuterium-argon gas mixture in the modified (high-current) plasma-focus configuration. A spherically bent mica crystal spectrograph viewing the axial output of the pinch region was used to measure the x-ray spectra. Spatially resolved spectra including the characteristic x-ray lines of highly ionized Ar and continua were recorded by means of an x-ray film. The x-ray emission of PF-1000 device was studied at different areas of the pinch.
A high resolution imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer (XICS) is being developed for Doppler measur... more A high resolution imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer (XICS) is being developed for Doppler measurement of radial profiles of ion temperature, Ti, and rotation velocity on Alcator C-mod. The XICS consists of a spherically bent crystal and a 2D imaging x-ray detector, and provides x-ray spectra from highly charged ions from multiple plasma sightlines. The proof of principle of the XICS
A new type of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer has been implemented on Alcator CMod for Doppler... more A new type of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer has been implemented on Alcator CMod for Doppler measurements of ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity profiles. The instrument consists of two spherically bent (102)-quartz crystals with radii of curvature of 1444 and 1385 mm and four 'PILATUS II' detector modules. It records spectra of He-like argon from the entire, 72 cm
A new spatially resolving x-ray crystal spectrometer capable of measuring continuous spatial prof... more A new spatially resolving x-ray crystal spectrometer capable of measuring continuous spatial profiles of high resolution spectra (/d > 6000) of He-like and H-like Ar K lines with good spatial (~1 cm) and temporal (~10 ms) resolutions has been installed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Two spherically bent crystals image the spectra onto four two-dimensional Pilatus II pixel detectors. Tomographic
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2006
PILATUS (Pixel Apparatus for the SLS) is a challenging project to develop a large area single pho... more PILATUS (Pixel Apparatus for the SLS) is a challenging project to develop a large area single photon counting pixel detector for synchrotron radiation experiments. SPring-8 examined the PLATUS single module detectors in collaboration with the Paul Scherrer Institute. The PILATUS-II single module detector has a desired performance with almost zero defective pixels and a fast frame rate up to 100 Hz using a newly developed PCI readout system on a Linux-PC. The maximum counting rate achieves more than 2 × 106 X-rays/s/pixel.
2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science, 2008
2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2006
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2008
This tutorial gives a brief introduction into passive spectroscopy and describes the working prin... more This tutorial gives a brief introduction into passive spectroscopy and describes the working principles of bolometers, a high-resolution grating spectrometer, and a novel X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, which is of particular interest for profile measurements of the ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity on ITER and future burning plasma experiments.
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009
Plasma and Fusion Research, 2007
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2008
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2010
At the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI an X-ray single photon counting pixel detector (PILATUS) based... more At the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI an X-ray single photon counting pixel detector (PILATUS) based on the hybrid-pixel detector technology was developed in collaboration with SPring-8. The detection element is a 320 or 450μm thick silicon sensor forming pixelated pn-diodes with a pitch of 172μm×172μm. An array of 2×8 custom CMOS readout chips are indium bump-bonded to the sensor, which
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003
The PIBETA calorimeter is a fast, high resolution, 240-element segmented pure-CsI electromagnetic... more The PIBETA calorimeter is a fast, high resolution, 240-element segmented pure-CsI electromagnetic shower detector presently being built at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for a precise determination of the pi^+arrowpi^0e^+nu decay rate. Its response functions were studied in a series of in-beam measurements with an array of ~1/4 of the detector modules. Energy lineshapes and radial shower profiles for monoenergetic electrons, positrons and tagged photons from 10--70 MeV were determined with high event statistics. Competitive algorithms for individual detector gain matching and calorimeter tracking resolution were compared. All measured distributions were compared with results of a detailed and realistic GEANT Monte Carlo simulation of the calorimeter system. The GEANT code uses as input the light collection nonuniformity parameters and the associated number of photoelectrons/MeV measured for each crystal module in a dedicated tomography apparatus.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2001
Powder Diffraction, 2008
A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut in ... more A novel type X-ray detector, called PILATUS, has been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut in Switzerland during the last decade. PILATUS detectors are two-dimensional hybrid pixel array detectors, which operate in single-photon counting mode. PILATUS detectors feature a very wide dynamic range (1:1 000 000), very short readout time (<3.0 ms), no readout noise, and very high counting rate (>2×106counts/s/pixel). In addition, a lower energy threshold can be set in order to suppress fluorescence background from the sample, thus a very good signal-to-noise ratio is achieved. The combination of these features for area detectors is unique and thus the PILATUS detectors are considered to be the next generation X-ray detectors. The basic building block of all the detectors is the PILATUS module having an active area of 83.8×33.5 mm2. The PILATUS 100K is a complete detector system with one module. PILATUS detector systems can have other configurations, including large area systems ...
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2010
Soft x-ray emission from a Mather-type plasma-focus device (PF-1000) operated at ∼400 kJ was meas... more Soft x-ray emission from a Mather-type plasma-focus device (PF-1000) operated at ∼400 kJ was measured. The high density and temperature plasma were generated by the discharge in the deuterium-argon gas mixture in the modified (high-current) plasma-focus configuration. A spherically bent mica crystal spectrograph viewing the axial output of the pinch region was used to measure the x-ray spectra. Spatially resolved spectra including the characteristic x-ray lines of highly ionized Ar and continua were recorded by means of an x-ray film. The x-ray emission of PF-1000 device was studied at different areas of the pinch.
A high resolution imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer (XICS) is being developed for Doppler measur... more A high resolution imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer (XICS) is being developed for Doppler measurement of radial profiles of ion temperature, Ti, and rotation velocity on Alcator C-mod. The XICS consists of a spherically bent crystal and a 2D imaging x-ray detector, and provides x-ray spectra from highly charged ions from multiple plasma sightlines. The proof of principle of the XICS
A new type of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer has been implemented on Alcator CMod for Doppler... more A new type of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer has been implemented on Alcator CMod for Doppler measurements of ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity profiles. The instrument consists of two spherically bent (102)-quartz crystals with radii of curvature of 1444 and 1385 mm and four 'PILATUS II' detector modules. It records spectra of He-like argon from the entire, 72 cm
A new spatially resolving x-ray crystal spectrometer capable of measuring continuous spatial prof... more A new spatially resolving x-ray crystal spectrometer capable of measuring continuous spatial profiles of high resolution spectra (/d > 6000) of He-like and H-like Ar K lines with good spatial (~1 cm) and temporal (~10 ms) resolutions has been installed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Two spherically bent crystals image the spectra onto four two-dimensional Pilatus II pixel detectors. Tomographic
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2006
PILATUS (Pixel Apparatus for the SLS) is a challenging project to develop a large area single pho... more PILATUS (Pixel Apparatus for the SLS) is a challenging project to develop a large area single photon counting pixel detector for synchrotron radiation experiments. SPring-8 examined the PLATUS single module detectors in collaboration with the Paul Scherrer Institute. The PILATUS-II single module detector has a desired performance with almost zero defective pixels and a fast frame rate up to 100 Hz using a newly developed PCI readout system on a Linux-PC. The maximum counting rate achieves more than 2 × 106 X-rays/s/pixel.
2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science, 2008
2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2006
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2008
This tutorial gives a brief introduction into passive spectroscopy and describes the working prin... more This tutorial gives a brief introduction into passive spectroscopy and describes the working principles of bolometers, a high-resolution grating spectrometer, and a novel X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, which is of particular interest for profile measurements of the ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity on ITER and future burning plasma experiments.
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section a-Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009
Plasma and Fusion Research, 2007
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2008
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2010
At the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI an X-ray single photon counting pixel detector (PILATUS) based... more At the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI an X-ray single photon counting pixel detector (PILATUS) based on the hybrid-pixel detector technology was developed in collaboration with SPring-8. The detection element is a 320 or 450μm thick silicon sensor forming pixelated pn-diodes with a pitch of 172μm×172μm. An array of 2×8 custom CMOS readout chips are indium bump-bonded to the sensor, which
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003