High relatedness and inbreeding at the origin of eusociality in gall-inducing thrips - PubMed (original) (raw)

High relatedness and inbreeding at the origin of eusociality in gall-inducing thrips

T W Chapman et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000.

Abstract

Within the haplodiploid eusocial gall-inducing thrips, a species-level phylogeny combined with genetic data for five eusocial species enables an inference of levels of relatedness and inbreeding values for lineages at the origin of eusociality. Character optimization using data from five eusocial species indicates that the lineage or lineages where eusociality is inferred to have originated exhibit relatedness of 0.64-0.92, and F(IS) of 0.33-0.64. The high inbreeding coefficients found in these eusocial thrips have increased relatedness among and within both sexes and have reduced the haplodiploidy-induced relatedness asymmetries [Hamilton, W. D. (1964) J. Theor. Biol. 7, 1-52]. These results indicate that unusually high relatedness is associated with the origin of eusociality, and they suggest a role for inbreeding in the evolution of bisexual helping.

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Figure 1

Figure 1

Maximum-parsimony bootstrap 50% majority-rule consensus tree (plus compatible groups) of solitary and eusocial thrips, from Crespi et al. (15). Bootstrap values >50%, from 500 replicates, appear beside branches. Two plausible scenarios for the origin of the soldier caste are inferred: (i) one origin with the sister taxa K. hamiltoni and K. harpophyllae basal to all eusocial taxa or (ii) two origins with Oncothrips morrisi as the most basal of the eusocial Oncothrips and K. hamiltoni and K. harpophyllae represent a second independent origin of the soldier caste. Female soldier inbreeding and among-soldier relatedness values (for both sexes combined) are given, with associated jacknife standard errors (12). Bracketed names are species names for Acacia host plants (6, 14). Estimates for Oncothrips tepperi population 2 are for disperser females rather than soldiers. We have been collecting these thrips throughout Australia for 10 years and are confident that additional species with soldiers, basal to K. hamiltoni and K. harpophyllae, are unlikely to exist. The genus name Onychothrips is abbreviated as “Ony.” An asterisk indicates that estimates were published elsewhere (10).

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References

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