Closing the ring: links between SMC proteins and chromosome partitioning, condensation, and supercoiling - PubMed (original) (raw)

V F Holmes et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Comparison of three types of DNA compaction by supercoiling. (A) Free (−) supercoils twist DNA into a right-handed plectonemic superhelix. The tight interwinding brings DNA an average of only 100 Å apart. Branching of the superhelical axis causes additional compaction. (B) Wrapping around the histone octamer (red cylinders) compacts DNA by forming left-handed solenoidal supercoils. (C) SMC proteins, such as Xenopus 13S condensin (schematized as red ball and stalk structures), effect global DNA writhe by forming large (+) solenoidal supercoils. (D) Stereo image of a 25-kilobase (kb) (−) supercoiled DNA generated by a Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation. A and C represent approximately 2 kb of DNA (700 nm) at 200,000-fold magnification, whereas B is only 1.5 kb of DNA (500 nm) but at 4-fold greater magnification. D is at 100,000-fold magnification.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Model for flow of DNA during replication. Condensed parental DNA (black-black) in the center of the cell is decondensed before replication and pulled through a central replication factory. The newly replicated daughters (black-red) are quickly condensed again.

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