Obesity and insulin resistance - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Obesity and insulin resistance

B B Kahn et al. J Clin Invest. 2000 Aug.

No abstract available

Figures

Figure 1

Pleiotropic effects of insulin to promote adipose storage. Insulin stimulates differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes. In adipocytes, insulin promotes lipogenesis by stimulating the uptake of glucose and lipoprotein-derived fatty acids and by inducing ADD-1/SREBP-1c, which regulates genes promoting fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis, not only in adipocytes but also in hepatocytes. Insulin may also regulate transcription through Forkhead transcription factors. Insulin diminishes triglyceride breakdown by inhibiting lipolysis. Many of these metabolic pathways are regulated by the PI3K signaling pathway.

Figure 2

Evolving view of the biological functions of the adipocyte. Previously, adipocytes were considered to be inert storage depots releasing fuel as fatty acids and glycerol in time of fasting or starvation. More recently it has become clear that adipocytes are endocrine glands that secrete important hormones, cytokines, vasoactive substances, and other peptides. ANS, autonomic nervous system.

Figure 3

Leptin exerts multiple actions to regulate glucose homeostasis through autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and neural circuits. Whereas many of leptin’s effects are mediated by the CNS, some effects may be exerted directly at the level of insulin target tissues or pancreatic islet cells.

Cited by

Elevated uric acid levels as a risk factor for new-onset hypertension in newly enrolled Japanese university students (JSH46-0100).
Terawaki H, Yoshimura R, Ueda H, Tajirika S, Kawamoto M, Horita R, Fukao T, Ito Y, Ito T, Yamamoto M. Terawaki H, et al. Hypertens Res. 2024 Oct 12. doi: 10.1038/s41440-024-01941-y. Online ahead of print. Hypertens Res. 2024. PMID: 39394515
Association of visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation products with prediabetes in US adults from NHANES 2007-2020: A cross-sectional study.
Qiu LT, Zhang JD, Fan BY, Li L, Sun GX. Qiu LT, et al. PLoS One. 2024 Sep 30;19(9):e0311312. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311312. eCollection 2024. PLoS One. 2024. PMID: 39348367 Free PMC article.
Sex-Related Differences in the Associations between Adiponectin and Serum Lipoproteins in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.
Klobučar I, Habisch H, Klobučar L, Trbušić M, Pregartner G, Berghold A, Kostner GM, Scharnagl H, Madl T, Frank S, Degoricija V. Klobučar I, et al. Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 1;12(9):1972. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12091972. Biomedicines. 2024. PMID: 39335486 Free PMC article.
Uncovering the Links Between Dietary Sugar and Cancer: A Narrative Review Exploring the Impact of Dietary Sugar and Fasting on Cancer Risk and Prevention.
Anil A, Raheja R, Gibu D, Raj AS, Spurthi S. Anil A, et al. Cureus. 2024 Aug 21;16(8):e67434. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67434. eCollection 2024 Aug. Cureus. 2024. PMID: 39310400 Free PMC article. Review.

References

1. Reaven GM. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev. 1995;75:473–486. - PubMed
1. Paradis S, Ruvkun G. Caenorhabditis elegans Akt–PKB transduces insulin receptor-like signals from AGE-1 PI3 kinase to the DAF-16 transcription factor. Genes Dev. 1998;12:2488–2498. - PMC - PubMed
1. White MF. The IRS-signaling system: a network of docking proteins that mediate insulin and cytokine action. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1998;53:119–138. - PubMed
1. Staubs PA, Nelson JG, Reichart DR, Olefsky JM. Platelet-derived growth factor inhibits insulin stimulation of insulin receptor substrate-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without affecting glucose transport. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:25139–25147. - PubMed
1. Czech MP, Corvera S. Signaling mechanisms that regulate glucose transport. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:1865–1868. - PubMed

Obesity and insulin resistance - PubMed (original) (raw)