Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 7. Assessment of mutagenic activity of phytosterols, phytosterol esters and the cholesterol derivative, 4-cholesten-3-one - PubMed (original) (raw)
Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 7. Assessment of mutagenic activity of phytosterols, phytosterol esters and the cholesterol derivative, 4-cholesten-3-one
A M Wolfreys et al. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Apr.
Abstract
Phytosterol esters are phytosterols derived from vegetable oils following esterification to fatty acids. When phytosterols are added to foods, they inhibit the absorption of dietary and endogenous cholesterol and thereby reduce blood cholesterol concentrations. As part of a comprehensive programme of safety assessment, the mutagenic potential of phytosterols and phytosterol esters has been assessed in a bacterial mutation assay and an in vitro chromosome aberration assay. In addition, an in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation assay and two in vivo mutagenicity studies, namely rat bone marrow micronucleus and liver unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays, were conducted on phytosterol esters only. Phytosterols and phytosterol esters did not show any evidence of mutagenic activity in any of these assays. A breakdown product of cholesterol is 4-cholesten-3-one and thus the amount of 4-cholesten-3-one in the gut may increase following supplementation of foods with phytosterol-esters. 4-cholesten-3-one had been previously reported as mutagenic but, due to various shortcomings, these data could not be used to assess the mutagenic activity of 4-cholesten-3-one. The mutagenic activity of 4-cholesten-3-one and its major faecal by-products, 5beta-cholestan-3-one, was assessed in two in vitro assays, a bacterial mutation assay and an in vitro chromosome aberration assay. Neither 4-cholesten-3-one nor 5beta-cholestan-3-one showed evidence of mutagenic activity in these assays.
Similar articles
- Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 8. Lack of genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity with phytosterol oxides.
Lea LJ, Hepburn PA, Wolfreys AM, Baldrick P. Lea LJ, et al. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 May;42(5):771-83. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.12.014. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004. PMID: 15046823 - Final report of the amended safety assessment of PEG-5, -10, -16, -25, -30, and -40 soy sterol.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Int J Toxicol. 2004;23 Suppl 2:23-47. doi: 10.1080/10915810490499046. Int J Toxicol. 2004. PMID: 15513823 Review. - Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 1. Assessment of oestrogenicity using a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays.
Baker VA, Hepburn PA, Kennedy SJ, Jones PA, Lea LJ, Sumpter JP, Ashby J. Baker VA, et al. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999 Jan;37(1):13-22. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(98)00101-x. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999. PMID: 10069478
Cited by
- Phytosterols in Seaweeds: An Overview on Biosynthesis to Biomedical Applications.
Sohn SI, Rathinapriya P, Balaji S, Jaya Balan D, Swetha TK, Durgadevi R, Alagulakshmi S, Singaraj P, Pandian S. Sohn SI, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 24;22(23):12691. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312691. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. PMID: 34884496 Free PMC article. Review. - Supplemental dietary phytosterin protects against 4-nitrophenol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat testes.
Zhang Y, Song M, Rui X, Pu S, Li Y, Li C. Zhang Y, et al. Toxicol Rep. 2015 May 11;2:664-676. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.04.007. eCollection 2015. Toxicol Rep. 2015. PMID: 28962402 Free PMC article. - Property of Phytosterols and Development of Its Containing Mayonnaise-Type Dressing.
Matsuoka R. Matsuoka R. Foods. 2022 Apr 14;11(8):1141. doi: 10.3390/foods11081141. Foods. 2022. PMID: 35454728 Free PMC article. Review. - Valuable nutrients and functional bioactives in different parts of olive (Olea europaea L.)-a review.
Ghanbari R, Anwar F, Alkharfy KM, Gilani AH, Saari N. Ghanbari R, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(3):3291-3340. doi: 10.3390/ijms13033291. Epub 2012 Mar 12. Int J Mol Sci. 2012. PMID: 22489153 Free PMC article. Review. - Cholestenone functions as an antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori by inhibiting biosynthesis of the cell wall component CGL.
Kobayashi J, Kawakubo M, Fujii C, Arisaka N, Miyashita M, Sato Y, Komura H, Matoba H, Nakayama J. Kobayashi J, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Apr 20;118(16):e2016469118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2016469118. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021. PMID: 33853940 Free PMC article.
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Research Materials