Cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase mediates competition between folate-dependent deoxyribonucleotide and S-adenosylmethionine biosyntheses - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2002 Oct 11;277(41):38381-9.

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M205000200. Epub 2002 Aug 2.

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• PMID: 12161434
• DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M205000200

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Cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase mediates competition between folate-dependent deoxyribonucleotide and S-adenosylmethionine biosyntheses

Katherine Herbig et al. J Biol Chem. 2002.

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Abstract

Folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism is required for the synthesis of purines and thymidylate and for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Methionine is subsequently adenylated to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a cofactor that methylates DNA, RNA, proteins, and many metabolites. Previous experimental and theoretical modeling studies have indicated that folate cofactors are limiting for cytoplasmic folate-dependent reactions and that the synthesis of DNA precursors competes with SAM synthesis. Each of these studies concluded that SAM synthesis has a higher metabolic priority than dTMP synthesis. The influence of cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (cSHMT) on this competition was examined in MCF-7 cells. Increases in cSHMT expression inhibit SAM concentrations by two proposed mechanisms: (1) cSHMT-catalyzed serine synthesis competes with the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase for methylenetetrahydrofolate in a glycine-dependent manner, and (2) cSHMT, a high affinity 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-binding protein, sequesters this cofactor and inhibits methionine synthesis in a glycine-independent manner. Stable isotope tracer studies indicate that cSHMT plays an important role in mediating the flux of one-carbon units between dTMP and SAM syntheses. We conclude that cSHMT has three important functions in the cytoplasm: (1) it preferentially supplies one-carbon units for thymidylate biosynthesis, (2) it depletes methylenetetrahydrofolate pools for SAM synthesis by synthesizing serine, and (3) it sequesters 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and inhibits SAM synthesis. These results indicate that cSHMT is a metabolic switch that, when activated, gives dTMP synthesis higher metabolic priority than SAM synthesis.

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