In search of geographical patterns in European mitochondrial DNA - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2002 Nov;71(5):1168-74.

doi: 10.1086/342930. Epub 2002 Sep 25.

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In search of geographical patterns in European mitochondrial DNA

Martin Richards et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Nov.

Abstract

Previous studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Europe and the Near East have suggested that, in contrast with classical markers and the Y chromosome, mtDNA does not exhibit significant geographical structuring. Here, we show that, with a sufficiently large sample size and a better resolved mtDNA tree, clades of mtDNA do indeed exhibit gradients similar to those of other marker systems. However, the more detailed analyses afforded by molecular sequence data suggest that the explanations for these gradients are likely to be much more complex than those proposed for classical markers.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Regional map of Europe (modified from Gamble , after Gamble 1986). A, Sample sizes for mtDNA data sets analyzed. B, Sample sizes for Y chromosome data sets analyzed. Note that, in the scheme we have used, Basques are the sole representatives of southwestern Europe; samples from France are grouped with northwestern Europe, and those from Galicia are grouped with the western Mediterranean.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Region-based PC analysis of mtDNA haplogroup profiles in Europe and the Near East (excluded are haplogroups L1, L2, subclades of L3 with a sub-Saharan African origin, M, and U6). Med = Mediterranean.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Plot of the contribution of each haplogroup to the first and second PC in the analysis of figure 2

Figure 4

Figure 4

Region-based PC analysis of Y chromosome biallelic marker data (Semino et al. 2000), grouped into major haplogroups (Y Chromosome Consortium 2002). Med = Mediterranean.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Plot of the contribution of each haplogroup to the first and second PC in the analysis of figure 4

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