The S6 kinase signaling pathway in the control of development and growth - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
The S6 kinase signaling pathway in the control of development and growth
George Thomas. Biol Res. 2002.
Abstract
The discussion will focus on the role of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) signaling pathway in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Although 40S ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation was first described 25 years ago (Gressner and Wool, 1974), it only recently has been implicated in the translational up-regulation of mRNAs coding for the components of protein synthetic apparatus (Fumagalli and Thomas, 2000). These mRNAs contain an oligopyrimidine tract at their 5' transcriptional start site, termed a 5'TOP, which has been shown to be essential for their regulation at the translational level (Meyuhas et al., 1996). In parallel, a great deal of information has accumulated concerning the identification of the signaling pathway and the regulatory phosphorylation sites involved in controlling S6K activation (Dufner and Thomas, 1999). Despite this knowledge we are only beginning to identify the direct upstream elements involved in growth factor-induced kinase activation (Dennis et al., 2001; Pullen et al., 1998). Use of the immunosuppressant rapamycin, a bacterial macrolide, in conjunction with dominant interfering and activated forms of S6K1 has helped to establish the role of this signaling cascade in the regulation of growth and proliferation (Dennis and Thomas, 2002). In addition, current studies employing the mouse as well as Drosophila melanogaster have provided new insights into physiological function of S6K in the animal (Montagne et al., 1999; Pende et al., 2000). Loss of dS6K function in Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated its paramount importance in development and growth control (Montagne et al., 1999), whereas deletion of the S6K1 gene in the mouse led to an animal of reduced size and the identification of the S6K1 homologue, S6K2 (Shima et al., 1998). Such mice are significantly smaller during fetal development (Shima et al., 1998) and hypoinsulinemic in the adult, conditions known to lead to type 2 diabetes (Pende et al., 2000).
Similar articles
- Role of S6 phosphorylation and S6 kinase in cell growth.
Volarević S, Thomas G. Volarević S, et al. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2001;65:101-27. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6603(00)65003-1. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2001. PMID: 11008486 Review. - Disruption of the p70(s6k)/p85(s6k) gene reveals a small mouse phenotype and a new functional S6 kinase.
Shima H, Pende M, Chen Y, Fumagalli S, Thomas G, Kozma SC. Shima H, et al. EMBO J. 1998 Nov 16;17(22):6649-59. doi: 10.1093/emboj/17.22.6649. EMBO J. 1998. PMID: 9822608 Free PMC article. - S6K1(-/-)/S6K2(-/-) mice exhibit perinatal lethality and rapamycin-sensitive 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation and reveal a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent S6 kinase pathway.
Pende M, Um SH, Mieulet V, Sticker M, Goss VL, Mestan J, Mueller M, Fumagalli S, Kozma SC, Thomas G. Pende M, et al. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Apr;24(8):3112-24. doi: 10.1128/MCB.24.8.3112-3124.2004. Mol Cell Biol. 2004. PMID: 15060135 Free PMC article. - The mTOR/S6K signalling pathway: the role of the TSC1/2 tumour suppressor complex and the proto-oncogene Rheb.
Nobukini T, Thomas G. Nobukini T, et al. Novartis Found Symp. 2004;262:148-54; discussion 154-9, 265-8. Novartis Found Symp. 2004. PMID: 15562827 Review. - A Drosophila genetic screen for suppressors of S6kinase-dependent growth identifies the F-box subunit Archipelago/FBXW7.
Zahoor MK, Poidevin M, Lecerf C, Garrido D, Montagne J. Zahoor MK, et al. Mol Genet Genomics. 2019 Jun;294(3):573-582. doi: 10.1007/s00438-018-01529-5. Epub 2019 Jan 17. Mol Genet Genomics. 2019. PMID: 30656413
Cited by
- TPCK inhibits AGC kinases by direct activation loop adduction at phenylalanine-directed cysteine residues.
Anjum R, Pae E, Blenis J, Ballif BA. Anjum R, et al. FEBS Lett. 2012 Sep 21;586(19):3471-6. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.075. Epub 2012 Aug 10. FEBS Lett. 2012. PMID: 22967899 Free PMC article. - Increased sphingosine-1-phosphate improves muscle regeneration in acutely injured mdx mice.
Ieronimakis N, Pantoja M, Hays AL, Dosey TL, Qi J, Fischer KA, Hoofnagle AN, Sadilek M, Chamberlain JS, Ruohola-Baker H, Reyes M. Ieronimakis N, et al. Skelet Muscle. 2013 Aug 1;3(1):20. doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-3-20. Skelet Muscle. 2013. PMID: 23915702 Free PMC article. - Based on Computational Communication Paradigm: Simulation of Public Opinion Communication Process of Panic Buying During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Li Q, Chen T, Yang J, Cong G. Li Q, et al. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020 Nov 20;13:1027-1045. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S280825. eCollection 2020. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2020. PMID: 33390730 Free PMC article. - Inhibition of mRNA translation extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Pan KZ, Palter JE, Rogers AN, Olsen A, Chen D, Lithgow GJ, Kapahi P. Pan KZ, et al. Aging Cell. 2007 Feb;6(1):111-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00266.x. Aging Cell. 2007. PMID: 17266680 Free PMC article. - Insulin reduces apoptosis and increases DNA synthesis and cell size via distinct signalling pathways in Drosophila Kc cells.
Bikopoulos G, Ceddia RB, Sweeney G, Hilliker AJ. Bikopoulos G, et al. Cell Prolif. 2004 Aug;37(4):307-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2004.00314.x. Cell Prolif. 2004. PMID: 15245566 Free PMC article.