Early determinants of childhood overweight and adiposity in a birth cohort study: role of breast-feeding - PubMed (original) (raw)
Multicenter Study
Early determinants of childhood overweight and adiposity in a birth cohort study: role of breast-feeding
K E Bergmann et al. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Feb.
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of adiposity in childhood is increasing. Is breast-feeding protective as suggested by cross-sectional studies?
Objective: In a longitudinal birth cohort study, we tested whether breast-feeding for more than 2 months has preventive effects against overweight and adiposity at 6 y.
Design: Of 1314 children representing the catchment areas of six delivery units, 918 could be followed up to the age of 6 y. Height, weight, and skin-fold thickness were measured at regular visits. As the criteria of overweight, obesity, and adiposity in the children, the 90th and the 97th percentiles of BMI and skin-fold values were used. Parents with a BMI at or above the 90th percentile, which was 27 kg/m(2) or more, were considered overweight. Infants bottle-fed from birth or breast-fed for less than 3 months were classified as 'bottle-fed' (BO), and those breast-fed for 3 months and more as 'breast-fed' (BR). Univariate comparisons and logistic regression analysis were performed applying SAS 6.12. The final logistic model consisted of the 480 cases for whom complete data for all variables were available. The potential effect of loss to follow-up was analysed by the Cochran-Mantel-Haenzel test: the outcomes were not significantly influenced by loss to follow-up.
Results: At birth BMIs were nearly identical in both groups. By 3 months, BO had significantly higher BMIs and thicker skin folds than BR. From 6 months on, compared to BR, a consistently higher proportion of BO children exceeded the 90th and the 97th percentile of BMI and skin-fold thickness reference values. From the age of 4 y to 5 and 6 y, in BO the prevalence of obesity nearly doubled and tripled, respectively. With only minor changes of obesity prevalence in BR, the difference of BMI and skin-fold thickness between groups became statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis revealed that overweight of the mother, maternal smoking during pregnancy, bottle feeding, and low social status remained important risk factors for overweight and adiposity at 6 y of age.
Conclusion: A maternal BMI of > or =27, bottle-feeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and low social status are risk factors for overweight and adiposity at 6 y of age. Early bottle-feeding brings forward the obesity rebound, predictive of obesity in later life.
Similar articles
- Early infant feeding and adiposity risk: from infancy to adulthood.
Oddy WH, Mori TA, Huang RC, Marsh JA, Pennell CE, Chivers PT, Hands BP, Jacoby P, Rzehak P, Koletzko BV, Beilin LJ. Oddy WH, et al. Ann Nutr Metab. 2014;64(3-4):262-70. doi: 10.1159/000365031. Epub 2014 Oct 2. Ann Nutr Metab. 2014. PMID: 25300269 - Does breast-feeding protect against childhood obesity?
von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T, von Mutius E. von Kries R, et al. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;478:29-39. doi: 10.1007/0-306-46830-1_3. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000. PMID: 11065058 - How has child growth around adiposity rebound altered in Scotland since 1990 and what are the risk factors for weight gain using the Growing Up in Scotland birth cohort 1?
Doi L, Williams AJ, Frank J. Doi L, et al. BMC Public Health. 2016 Oct 13;16(1):1081. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3752-z. BMC Public Health. 2016. PMID: 27737667 Free PMC article. - Screening and Interventions for Childhood Overweight [Internet].
Whitlock EP, Williams SB, Gold R, Smith P, Shipman S. Whitlock EP, et al. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2005 Jul. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2005 Jul. PMID: 20722132 Free Books & Documents. Review.
Cited by
- The Protective Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Overweight/Obesity in Children with High Birth Weight.
Lee JW, Lee M, Lee J, Kim YJ, Ha E, Kim HS. Lee JW, et al. J Korean Med Sci. 2019 Mar 8;34(10):e85. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e85. eCollection 2019 Mar 18. J Korean Med Sci. 2019. PMID: 30886551 Free PMC article. - Socioeconomic position and childhood-adolescent weight status in rich countries: a systematic review, 1990-2013.
Barriuso L, Miqueleiz E, Albaladejo R, Villanueva R, Santos JM, Regidor E. Barriuso L, et al. BMC Pediatr. 2015 Sep 21;15:129. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0443-3. BMC Pediatr. 2015. PMID: 26391227 Free PMC article. Review. - Association Between Breastfeeding and Obesity in Preschool Children.
Palaska E, Lykeridou A, Zyga S, Panoutsopoulos G. Palaska E, et al. Mater Sociomed. 2020 Jun;32(2):117-122. doi: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.117-122. Mater Sociomed. 2020. PMID: 32843859 Free PMC article. - Maternal smoking in pregnancy association with childhood adiposity and blood pressure.
Li L, Peters H, Gama A, Carvalhal MI, Nogueira HG, Rosado-Marques V, Padez C. Li L, et al. Pediatr Obes. 2016 Jun;11(3):202-9. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12046. Epub 2015 Jul 14. Pediatr Obes. 2016. PMID: 26178147 Free PMC article. - Childhood obesity: a new menace.
Salazar ML, Eiland LS. Salazar ML, et al. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Jan;12(1):23-38. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-12.1.23. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2007. PMID: 23055841 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials