RNA editing in hornwort chloroplasts makes more than half the genes functional - PubMed (original) (raw)

RNA editing in hornwort chloroplasts makes more than half the genes functional

Masanori Kugita et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003.

Abstract

RNA editing in chloroplasts alters the RNA sequence by converting C-to-U or U-to-C at a specific site. During the study of the complete nucleotide sequence of the chloroplast genome from the hornwort Anthoceros formosae, RNA editing events have been systematically investigated. A total of 509 C-to-U and 433 U-to-C conversions are identified in the transcripts of 68 genes and eight ORFs. No RNA editing is seen in any of the rRNA but one tRNA suffered a C-to-U conversion at an anticodon. All nonsense codons in 52 protein-coding genes and seven ORFs are removed in the transcripts by U-to-C conversions, and five initiation and three termination codons are created by C-to-U conversions. RNA editing in intron sequence suggests that editing can precede intercistronic processing. The sequence complementary to the edited site is proposed as a distant cis-recognition element.

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Figures

Figure 1

Number of editing sites in the chloroplast of A.formosae. The number of RNA editing sites converting C-to-U and U-to-C is shown. The number of those converting nonsense codons into sense codons is shown in parentheses. Editing sites, which do not alter the coding amino acid are shown as silent (in) and those found outside of the coding region as (out). Editing frequency shows percentage of editing sites per analyzed size (bp). Editing sites on co-transcripts are shown in boxes. *Containing the creation of an initiation codon. (†) Containing the creation of a termination codon.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the predicted secondary structure of domain I in the group II intron of Anthoceros atpF. Sub-domains A, B, C and D together with ε, ε’ and ζ sites are shown. Edited sites 149, 419 and 612 positions from the translation start, and the 5′ end of the intron are shown with arrows.

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RNA editing in hornwort chloroplasts makes more than half the genes functional - PubMed (original) (raw)