HIV and AIDS: looking ahead - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

HIV and AIDS: looking ahead

Robin A Weiss. Nat Med. 2003 Jul.

Abstract

Although the future of HIV science is uncertain, we need to reappraise HIV diversity, pathogenesis and immunity. The AIDS pandemic threatens the success of existing vaccine programs and may accelerate the emergence of new infectious diseases.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1. The human toll of AIDS.

(a) Comparison of annual deaths from AIDS between sub-Saharan Africa (population 640 million) and the United States (population 273 million). (b) The five leading causes of death in men and women aged 25–44 years in the United States. Over the course of 10 years, AIDS came to be the chief cause of death in this generally healthy age group. The precipitous fall in mortality followed the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), although the prevalence of HIV infection has not decreased. Reproduced with permission from ref. from data provided by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Katie Ris

Figure 2. The scale of HIV variation.

Sequence divergence of envelope glycoproteins of HIV (gp120, V2-C5) compared with that of influenza A H3 (HA1). The length of the spokes indicates the degree of divergence with the scale indicated. HIV variation in a single person 6 years after infection (9 genomes analyzed) is similar to that of worldwide influenza A (96 genomes analyzed) in a single year. The greatest degree of variation is in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where HIV first developed and has diversified into subtypes A–K (except for subtype B, prevalent in the West, and subtype E, prevalent in Thailand). Adapted with permission from ref. . Katie Ris

Similar articles

• [HIV/AIDS: in France, too, people still die of it].
  Horwitz M, Taéron C. Horwitz M, et al. Rev Infirm. 2002 Mar;(79):21-4. Rev Infirm. 2002. PMID: 11979668 French. No abstract available.
• Special considerations for managing suspected human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS in patients from developing countries.
  Kreiss JK, Castro KG. Kreiss JK, et al. J Infect Dis. 1990 Oct;162(4):955-60. doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.4.955. J Infect Dis. 1990. PMID: 2205654 Review. No abstract available.
• [AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Africa].
  Piot P, Colebunders R, Laga M, Standaert B, Taelman H, Van der Groen G. Piot P, et al. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 1988;50(6):519-60. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 1988. PMID: 3074599 Review. Dutch. No abstract available.
• Is AIDS in Africa a distinct disease?
  Cohen J. Cohen J. Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2153-5. doi: 10.1126/science.288.5474.2153. Science. 2000. PMID: 10896593

Cited by

• Derivation of normal macrophages from human embryonic stem (hES) cells for applications in HIV gene therapy.
  Anderson JS, Bandi S, Kaufman DS, Akkina R. Anderson JS, et al. Retrovirology. 2006 Apr 19;3:24. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-3-24. Retrovirology. 2006. PMID: 16623949 Free PMC article.
• Disparate regions of envelope protein regulate syncytium formation versus spongiform encephalopathy in neurological disease induced by murine leukemia virus TR.
  Murphy SL, Honczarenko MJ, Dugger NV, Hoffman PM, Gaulton GN. Murphy SL, et al. J Virol. 2004 Aug;78(15):8392-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.15.8392-8399.2004. J Virol. 2004. PMID: 15254211 Free PMC article.
• A hard way to the nucleus.
  Bukrinsky M. Bukrinsky M. Mol Med. 2004 Jan-Jun;10(1-6):1-5. Mol Med. 2004. PMID: 15502876 Free PMC article. Review.
• Tat-induced FOXO3a is a key mediator of apoptosis in HIV-1-infected human CD4+ T lymphocytes.
  Dabrowska A, Kim N, Aldovini A. Dabrowska A, et al. J Immunol. 2008 Dec 15;181(12):8460-77. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8460. J Immunol. 2008. PMID: 19050264 Free PMC article.
• PhyloDet: a scalable visualization tool for mapping multiple traits to large evolutionary trees.
  Lee B, Nachmanson L, Robertson G, Carlson JM, Heckerman D. Lee B, et al. Bioinformatics. 2009 Oct 1;25(19):2611-2. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp454. Epub 2009 Jul 24. Bioinformatics. 2009. PMID: 19633096 Free PMC article.

References

1. 1. Weiss RA. Gulliver's travels in HIVland. Nature. 2001;410:963–967. doi: 10.1038/35073632. - DOI - PubMed
2. 1. Fields BN. AIDS: time to turn to basic science. Nature. 1994;369:95–96. doi: 10.1038/369095a0. - DOI - PubMed
3. 1. Barré-Sinoussi F, et al. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Science. 1983;220:868–871. doi: 10.1126/science.6189183. - DOI - PubMed
4. 1. Vilmer E, et al. Isolation of new lymphotropic retrovirus from two siblings with haemophilia B, one with AIDS. Lancet. 1984;1:753–757. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91275-3. - DOI - PubMed
5. 1. Ellrodt A, et al. Isolation of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (LAV) from Zairian married couple, one with AIDS, one with prodromes. Lancet. 1984;1:1383–1385. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91877-4. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources

• Full Text Sources

  • Europe PubMed Central
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • PubMed Central

• Medical

  • MedlinePlus Health Information