Lexical competition and the acquisition of novel words - PubMed (original) (raw)
Comparative Study
Lexical competition and the acquisition of novel words
M Gareth Gaskell et al. Cognition. 2003 Sep.
Abstract
Three experiments examined the involvement of newly learnt words in lexical competition. Adult participants were familiarized with novel nonsense sequences that overlapped strongly with existing words (e.g. cathedruke, derived from cathedral) through repeated presentation in a phoneme-monitoring task. Experiment 1 looked at the immediate effects of exposure to these sequences, with participants showing familiarity with the form of the novel sequences in a two-alternative forced choice task. The effect of this exposure on lexical competition was examined by presenting the existing words (e.g. cathedral) in a lexical decision task. The immediate effect of the exposure was facilitatory, suggesting that the novel words had activated the representation of the closest real word rather than developing their own lexical representations. In Experiment 2, inhibitory lexical competition effects emerged over the course of 5 days for offset-diverging (e.g. cathedruke-cathedral) but not onset-diverging (e.g. yothedral-cathedral) novel words. Experiment 3 disentangled the roles of time and level-of-exposure in the lexicalization process and assessed the generality of the observed lexical inhibition using pause detection. A single, concentrated exposure session was used, which resulted in good recognition performance soon after. Lexicalization effects were absent immediately after exposure but emerged 1 week later, despite no intervening exposure to the novel items. These results suggest that integrating a novel word into the mental lexicon can be an extended process: phonological information is learnt swiftly, but full integration with existing items develops at a slower rate.
Similar articles
- Newly learned spoken words show long-term lexical competition effects.
Tamminen J, Gaskell MG. Tamminen J, et al. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2008 Mar;61(3):361-71. doi: 10.1080/17470210701634545. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2008. PMID: 17943648 - Lexical integration of novel words without sleep.
Lindsay S, Gaskell MG. Lindsay S, et al. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2013 Mar;39(2):608-22. doi: 10.1037/a0029243. Epub 2012 Jul 9. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2013. PMID: 22774854 - How does the provision of semantic information influence the lexicalization of new spoken words?
Hawkins EA, Rastle K. Hawkins EA, et al. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2016;69(7):1322-39. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2015.1079226. Epub 2015 Oct 27. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2016. PMID: 26241013 - Richness of information about novel words influences how episodic and semantic memory networks interact during lexicalization.
Takashima A, Bakker I, van Hell JG, Janzen G, McQueen JM. Takashima A, et al. Neuroimage. 2014 Jan 1;84:265-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.023. Epub 2013 Aug 17. Neuroimage. 2014. PMID: 23962957 Clinical Trial. - The Evolvability of Words: On the Nature of Lexical Items in Minimalism.
Clark B. Clark B. Front Psychol. 2020 Jan 24;10:3071. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03071. eCollection 2019. Front Psychol. 2020. PMID: 32038419 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
- Neurophysiological mechanisms involved in language learning in adults.
Rodríguez-Fornells A, Cunillera T, Mestres-Missé A, de Diego-Balaguer R. Rodríguez-Fornells A, et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Dec 27;364(1536):3711-35. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0130. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009. PMID: 19933142 Free PMC article. Review. - Word Learning by Preschool-Age Children: Differences in Encoding, Re-Encoding, and Consolidation Across Learners During Slow Mapping.
Gordon KR, Lowry SL, Ohlmann NB, Fitzpatrick D. Gordon KR, et al. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022 May 11;65(5):1956-1977. doi: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00530. Epub 2022 Apr 20. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022. PMID: 35442754 Free PMC article. - Direct Neural Evidence for the Contrastive Roles of the Complementary Learning Systems in Adult Acquisition of Native Vocabulary.
Gore KR, Woollams AM, Bruehl S, Halai AD, Lambon Ralph MA. Gore KR, et al. Cereb Cortex. 2022 Aug 3;32(16):3392-3405. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhab422. Cereb Cortex. 2022. PMID: 34875018 Free PMC article. - The effect of sleep on novel word learning in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Schimke EAE, Angwin AJ, Cheng BBY, Copland DA. Schimke EAE, et al. Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Dec;28(6):1811-1838. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01980-3. Epub 2021 Sep 21. Psychon Bull Rev. 2021. PMID: 34549375 Review. - Deficits of Learning in Procedural Memory and Consolidation in Declarative Memory in Adults With Developmental Language Disorder.
Earle FS, Ullman MT. Earle FS, et al. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021 Feb 17;64(2):531-541. doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00292. Epub 2021 Feb 1. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2021. PMID: 33524264 Free PMC article.