Sequence analysis of recent H7 avian influenza viruses associated with three different outbreaks in commercial poultry in the United States - PubMed (original) (raw)

Sequence analysis of recent H7 avian influenza viruses associated with three different outbreaks in commercial poultry in the United States

Erica Spackman et al. J Virol. 2003 Dec.

Abstract

The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of H7 avian influenza virus (AIV) isolated between 1994 and 2002 from live-bird markets (LBMs) in the northeastern United States and from three outbreaks in commercial poultry have been characterized. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA and NA genes demonstrates that the isolates from commercial poultry were closely related to the viruses circulating in the LBMs. Also, since 1994, two distinguishing genetic features have appeared in this AIV lineage: a deletion of 17 amino acids in the NA protein stalk region and a deletion of 8 amino acids in the HA1 protein which is putatively in part of the receptor binding site. Furthermore, analysis of the HA cleavage site amino acid sequence, a marker for pathogenicity in chickens and turkeys, shows a progression toward a cleavage site sequence that fulfills the molecular criteria for highly pathogenic AIV.

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Figures

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Phylogenetic tree of the HA gene of H7 subtype AIVs isolated in the Americas (with subtypes noted on the tree). The tree was generated by the maximum parsimony method with PAUP 4.0b10 (heuristic search and 500 bootstrap replicates) and is rooted with CK/Chile/176822/02. AV, avian; CK, chicken; DK, duck; GF, guinea fowl; QU, quail; TK, turkey. The names of the states where the viruses were isolated are represented by their standard two-letter postal codes.

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Phylogenetic tree of the NA (subtype N2) gene of AIVs isolated in North America (with subtypes noted on the tree). Groupings of H7N2 viruses isolated in the northeastern United States between 1994 and 2002 are shown. The tree was generated by the maximum parsimony method with PAUP 4.0b10 (heuristic search and 500 bootstrap replicates) and is not rooted. AV, avian; CK, chicken; GF, guinea fowl; QU, quail; TK, turkey. The names of the states where the viruses were isolated are represented by their standard two-letter postal codes.

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