Metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is a critical growth regulatory factor during fetal development - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 2004 Mar;131(5):1187-94.
doi: 10.1242/dev.00997.
Affiliations
- PMID: 14973274
- DOI: 10.1242/dev.00997
Metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is a critical growth regulatory factor during fetal development
Cheryl A Conover et al. Development. 2004 Mar.
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) is a metzincin superfamily metalloproteinase in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. PAPPA increases IGF bioavailability and mitogenic effectiveness in vitro through regulated cleavage of IGF-binding protein 4 (IGFBP4). To determine its function in vivo, we generated PAPPA-null mice by gene targeting. Mice homozygous for targeted disruption of the PAPPA gene were viable but 60% the size of wild-type littermates at birth. The impact of the mutation was exerted during the early embryonic period prior to organogenesis, resulting in proportional dwarfism. PAPPA, IGF2 and IGFBP4 transcripts co-localized in wild-type embryos, and expression of IGF2 and IGFBP4 mRNA was not altered in PAPPA-deficient embryos. However, IGFBP4 proteolytic activity was completely lacking in fibroblasts derived from PAPPA-deficient embryos, and IGFBP4 effectively inhibited IGF-stimulated mitogenesis in these cells. These results provide the first direct evidence that PAPPA is an essential growth regulatory factor in vivo, and suggest a novel mechanism for regulated IGF bioavailability during early fetal development.
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