Noradrenaline and dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex in relation to appetitive classical conditioning - PubMed (original) (raw)

Noradrenaline and dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex in relation to appetitive classical conditioning

Susana Mingote et al. J Neurosci. 2004.

Abstract

We trained rats to learn that an auditory stimulus predicted delivery of reward pellets in the Skinner box. After 2 d of training, we measured changes in efflux of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) in the medial prefrontal cortex using microdialysis on the third day. Animals were subjected to a normal rewarded session and an extinction session, in which the auditory stimulus was presented alone. In the rewarded session, both NA and DA efflux were increased, but in extinction, only NA was activated. The data suggest that NA has a role in the reaction to reward-predicting stimuli, which complements that of DA.

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Figures

Figure 1.

Behavioral effects of classical conditioning in experiment 1. Rats were fed ad libitum and received two pellets as the US. The paired (n = 11) and unpaired (n = 6) groups were given seven CS plus US sessions and one CS session. The control group (n = 10) received CS sessions only. Microdialysis measurements were performed on day 3. Values of nose pokes and locomotor activity are expressed as the difference between the 10 sec during the CS and the 10 sec before the CS. Latency is presented in the following logarithm form: value 1 equals the 10 sec duration of the CS presentation. Error bars indicate means ± SEM. Filled symbols indicate significant differences from the initial session. An asterisk indicates a significant difference from the unpaired group.

Figure 2.

DA and NA efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats fed ad libitum in experiment 1 and measured on day 3. The paired (n = 11) and unpaired (n = 6) groups were subjected to a CS plus US session and a CS session (extinction). The control group (n = 10) received only CS sessions. Error bars indicate means ± SEM. Filled symbols indicate significant differences from preceding basal levels. An asterisk indicates a significant difference from the control group.

Figure 3.

DA and NA efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex of food-restricted rats in experiment 2 that were measured on day 3 (paired group, n = 6; unpaired group, n = 9; control group, n = 6). See Figure 2 for further explanation. The asterisk indicates a significant difference from the control group (CS plus US session) or from the control and unpaired groups (CS session). Error bars indicate means ± SEM.

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Noradrenaline and dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex in relation to appetitive classical conditioning - PubMed (original) (raw)