Vpu: a multifunctional protein that enhances the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
Vpu: a multifunctional protein that enhances the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
David R Hout et al. Curr HIV Res. 2004 Jul.
Abstract
The Vpu protein is the smallest of the proteins encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). This transmembrane protein interacts with the CD4 molecule in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), resulting in its degradation via the proteasome pathway. Vpu also has been shown to enhance virion release from infected cells. While much has been learned about the function of Vpu in cell culture systems, its exact role in HIV-1 pathogenesis is still unknown. This has been primarily due to the lack of a suitable primate model system since vpu is found only in HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency viruses isolated from chimpanzees (SIVcpz), and three species of old world monkeys within the genus Cercopithecus. Several laboratories have developed pathogenic molecular clones of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in which the tat, rev, vpu and env genes of HIV-1 are expressed in the genetic background of SIV. The availability of such clones has allowed investigators to assess the role of Vpu in pathogenesis using a relevant animal model. This review will focus on the current understanding of the structure-function relationships of Vpu protein and recent advances using the SHIV model to assess the role of Vpu in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Copyright 2004 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Similar articles
- The presence of the casein kinase II phosphorylation sites of Vpu enhances the CD4(+) T cell loss caused by the simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(KU-lbMC33) in pig-tailed macaques.
Singh DK, Griffin DM, Pacyniak E, Jackson M, Werle MJ, Wisdom B, Sun F, Hout DR, Pinson DM, Gunderson RS, Powers MF, Wong SW, Stephens EB. Singh DK, et al. Virology. 2003 Sep 1;313(2):435-51. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00339-8. Virology. 2003. PMID: 12954211 - Chronology of genetic changes in the vpu, env, and Nef genes of chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (strain HXB2) during acquisition of virulence for pig-tailed macaques.
McCormick-Davis C, Zhao LJ, Mukherjee S, Leung K, Sheffer D, Joag SV, Narayan O, Stephens EB. McCormick-Davis C, et al. Virology. 1998 Sep 1;248(2):275-83. doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9300. Virology. 1998. PMID: 9721236 - Fusion of the upstream vpu sequences to the env of simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV(KU-1bMC33)) results in the synthesis of two envelope precursor proteins, increased numbers of virus particles associated with the cell surface and is pathogenic for pig-tailed macaques.
Hout DR, Gomez ML, Pacyniak E, Mulcahy ER, Gomez LM, Jackson M, Flick M, Fegley B, McCormick C, Wisdom BJ, Culley N, Pinson DM, Powers M, Wong SW, Stephens EB. Hout DR, et al. Virology. 2004 May 20;323(1):91-107. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.02.028. Virology. 2004. PMID: 15165822 - Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis.
Khan N, Geiger JD. Khan N, et al. Viruses. 2021 Jul 27;13(8):1466. doi: 10.3390/v13081466. Viruses. 2021. PMID: 34452331 Free PMC article. Review. - The Vpu protein: new concepts in virus release and CD4 down-modulation.
Ruiz A, Guatelli JC, Stephens EB. Ruiz A, et al. Curr HIV Res. 2010 Apr;8(3):240-52. doi: 10.2174/157016210791111124. Curr HIV Res. 2010. PMID: 20201792 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
- The envelope proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV potently reduce the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Henke W, Waisner H, Arachchige SP, Kalamvoki M, Stephens E. Henke W, et al. Retrovirology. 2022 Nov 19;19(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12977-022-00611-6. Retrovirology. 2022. PMID: 36403071 Free PMC article. - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Toxin and Ebola Virus Delta Peptide: Similarities and Differences.
Melnik LI, Garry RF. Melnik LI, et al. Pathogens. 2022 Jan 27;11(2):170. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11020170. Pathogens. 2022. PMID: 35215114 Free PMC article. Review. - A Global Genomic Characterization of Nairoviruses Identifies Nine Discrete Genogroups with Distinctive Structural Characteristics and Host-Vector Associations.
Walker PJ, Widen SG, Wood TG, Guzman H, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N. Walker PJ, et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 May 4;94(5):1107-1122. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0917. Epub 2016 Feb 22. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016. PMID: 26903607 Free PMC article. - Human monoclonal ScFv that bind to different functional domains of M2 and inhibit H5N1 influenza virus replication.
Pissawong T, Maneewatch S, Thueng-In K, Srimanote P, Dong-din-on F, Thanongsaksrikul J, Songserm T, Tongtawe P, Bangphoomi K, Chaicumpa W. Pissawong T, et al. Virol J. 2013 May 14;10:148. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-148. Virol J. 2013. PMID: 23672256 Free PMC article. - An assay suitable for high throughput screening of anti-influenza drugs.
Mao L, Wang J, DeGrado WF, Inouye M. Mao L, et al. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54070. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054070. Epub 2013 Jan 10. PLoS One. 2013. PMID: 23326573 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials