Ngari virus is a Bunyamwera virus reassortant that can be associated with large outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa - PubMed (original) (raw)

FIG. 1.

Phylogenetic relationships of Bunyamwera virus serogroup viruses. Virus RNA was extracted and purified, and RT-PCRs were carried out with primers M14C and M619R as described previously (6). In most cases, the RT-PCR product was sequenced directly; however, some products could not be sequenced directly because of mispriming. In those cases, the RT-PCR product was cloned into TOPO-TA (Invitrogen) and a minimum of three individual clones were sequenced with M13 forward and reverse primers (Invitrogen). Nucleotide sequences were aligned with PILEUP of the Wisconsin Package, version 10.2 (Accelerys, Inc.). Maximum-likelihood analysis of the 654-nucleotide aligned sequences of a region of the virus M segments was performed with PAUP4.0b10 (Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, Mass.). The HKY85 substitution model was used and included empirical nucleotide frequencies, estimations of transition/transversion ratios, the proportion of invariable sites, and the gamma distribution shape parameter. The analysis took 2,148 h to run on a G4 Macintosh computer and resulted in a −Ln likelihood of 14848.26. Nucleotide sequences (accession numbers are in parentheses) from GenBank included those for Jatobal virus (AF312380), Oropouche virus (AF312381), Vinces virus (AF499012), Oriboca virus (AF499013), Cache Valley virus (AF186241, AF186242, AF186243, AF082576), Garissa virus (AF398345, AF398346), Bunyamwera virus (M11852), Germiston virus (M21951), Tahyna virus (AF23484, AF123485), Lumbo virus (AF229129), California encephalitis virus (AF123483), San Angelo virus (AF123486), La Crosse virus (U70205, U70206, U70207, U70208, U18979, U18980, D10370), snowshoe hare virus (K02539), Jerry Slough virus (AF123487), Jamestown Canyon virus (U88058), Inkoo virus (U88059, U88060), Jamestown Canyon-like virus (AF468197), South River virus (AF123488), Melao virus (U88057), Serra do Navio virus (AF123490), Keystone virus (AF123489), and Trivittatus virus (AF123491). The viruses analyzed in this study included the Anhembi virus (SpAr2984; GenBank accession no. AY593745), BeAr328208 virus (BeAr328208; AY593743), Birao virus (YMP-1; AY593748), Bozo virus (DakArB7343; AY593739), Fort Sherman virus (86-MSP18; AY593734), Iaco virus (BeAr314206; AY593746), Ilesha virus (RML2; AY593730), Lokern virus (FMS4332; AY593736), Macaua virus (BeAr306329; AY593742), Maguari virus (CBAAR426; AY593735), Mboke virus (DakArY357/6e; AY593731), Ngari virus (DakArD28542/4e; AY593747), Playas virus (75V3066; AY593733), Potosi virus (89-3380; AY593750), Shokwe virus (SAAr4042; AY593749), Sororoca virus (BeAr32149; AY593744), Taiassui virus (Ar671; AY593740), Tensaw virus (B479-490; AY593737), Tlacotalpan virus (61-D-240; AY593732), Wyeomyia virus (prototype; AY593741), and Xingu virus (BeH388464; AY593738).