Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism - PubMed (original) (raw)

Integration of the Metabolic Pathways Affected by a Decreased Carbon Flux into the Phenylpropanoid Pathway, as Evidenced by Molecular Alterations in pal Mutants. Results of the transcriptome analyses (RT-PCR, cDNA-AFLP, and microarray) and the biochemical analyses (extractable phenolics, amino acids, and lignin) are incorporated. A dashed line indicates transport into another compartment; right and left harpoons mark a reversible enzyme reaction and arrows an irreversible enzyme reaction, respectively; question mark denotes a not fully established path. Arrows pointed up or down indicate the upregulation or downregulation of the gene or metabolite, respectively. The following color code is used: red, transcripts and metabolites linked with the pal1 but not the pal2 mutation; green, transcripts and metabolites linked with the pal2 but not the pal1 mutation; orange, transcripts and metabolites linked with the pal1 and pal2 mutations; orange with asterisk, transcripts and metabolites occurring only in the pal1 pal2 double mutant. Abbreviations are listed per pathway. Carbohydrate metabolism: 1,3-BisPGA, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; BXL, β-xylosidase; CESA, cellulose synthase; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; Ery4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; F1,6-BisP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; F6P, fructose 6-phosphate; G1P, glucose 1-phosphate; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; GAP, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; INV, invertase; PEP, phospho-_enol_-pyruvate; 2-PGA, 2-phosphoglycerate; 3-PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate; 3-PGAkin, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase; R1,5-BisP, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate; RubAct, Rubisco activase; StP, starch phosphorylase; StS, starch synthase; TK, transketolase; TPI, triose-phosphate isomerase; TPS, trehalose 6-phosphate synthase. Jasmonate biosynthesis: AOS, allene oxide synthase; 3FAD, ω-3 fatty acid desaturase; JA, jasmonate. Methionine metabolism: CysS, cystathionine β-lyase (Cys synthase); MetS, Met synthase. Shikimate pathway: DAHP, 3-deoxy-

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-_arabino_-heptulosonate 7-phosphate; Ery4P, erythrose 4-phosphate; 4-HBA, _para_-hydroxybenzoate; 4-HBald, _para_-hydroxybenzaldehyde; PEP, phospho-_enol_-pyruvate; UbiRed, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Recycling of NH4+1: ASN3, Asn synthase 3. Phenylpropanoid pathway: ATR3, NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase 3; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA 3-_O_-methyltransferase; 4-HBA, _para_-hydroxybenzoate. Monolignol biosynthesis: G lignin, guaiacyl lignin monomers; S lignin, syringyl lignin monomers. Flavonoid biosynthesis: CHS, chalcone synthase.