Variations on an inhibitory theme: phasic and tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
doi: 10.1038/nrn1625.
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- PMID: 15738957
- DOI: 10.1038/nrn1625
Review
Variations on an inhibitory theme: phasic and tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors
Mark Farrant et al. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Mar.
Abstract
The proper functioning of the adult mammalian brain relies on the orchestrated regulation of neural activity by a diverse population of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-releasing neurons. Until recently, our appreciation of GABA-mediated inhibition focused predominantly on the GABA(A) (GABA type A) receptors located at synaptic contacts, which are activated in a transient or 'phasic' manner by GABA that is released from synaptic vesicles. However, there is growing evidence that low concentrations of ambient GABA can persistently activate certain subtypes of GABA(A) receptor, which are often remote from synapses, to generate a 'tonic' conductance. In this review, we consider the distinct roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA receptor subtypes in the control of neuronal excitability.
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