Human disease from influenza A (H5N1), Thailand, 2004 - PubMed (original) (raw)
doi: 10.3201/eid1102.041061.
Kumnuan Ungchusak, Wanna Hanshaoworakul, Supamit Chunsuthiwat, Pathom Sawanpanyalert, Rungruen Kijphati, Sorasak Lochindarat, Panida Srisan, Pongsan Suwan, Yutthasak Osotthanakorn, Tanakorn Anantasetagoon, Supornchai Kanjanawasri, Sureeporn Tanupattarachai, Jiranun Weerakul, Ruangsri Chaiwirattana, Monthira Maneerattanaporn, Rapol Poolsavathitikool, Kulkunya Chokephaibulkit, Anucha Apisarnthanarak, Scott F Dowell
Affiliations
- PMID: 15752436
- PMCID: PMC3320461
- DOI: 10.3201/eid1102.041061
Human disease from influenza A (H5N1), Thailand, 2004
Tawee Chotpitayasunondh et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Feb.
Abstract
Influenza A (H5N1) is endemic in poultry across much of Southeast Asia, but limited information exists on the distinctive features of the few human cases. In Thailand, we instituted nationwide surveillance and tested respiratory specimens by polymerase chain reaction and viral isolation. From January 1 to March 31, 2004, we reviewed 610 reports and identified 12 confirmed and 21 suspected cases. All 12 confirmed case-patients resided in villages that experienced abnormal chicken deaths, 9 lived in households whose backyard chickens died, and 8 reported direct contact with dead chickens. Seven were children <14 years of age. Fever preceded dyspnea by a median of 5 days, and lymphopenia significantly predicted acute respiratory distress syndrome development and death. Among hundreds of thousands of potential human cases of influenza A (H5N1) in Asia, a history of direct contact with sick poultry, young age, pneumonia and lymphopenia, and progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome should prompt specific laboratory testing for H5 influenza.
Figures
Figure 1
Epidemic curve showing the dates of onset for 12 confirmed and 21 suspected human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection, Thailand, 2004.
Figure 2
Distribution of the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), total leukocyte count, and platelet count on admission for 4 patients who survived and 8 who died of human influenza A (H5N1) infection, Thailand, 2004. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Figure 3
Chest radiographs from patients 8 and 9. Panel A demonstrates patchy alveolar infiltration of the right lower lung on day 5 of illness for patient 9; panel B demonstrates the progression to acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) on day 8. Panel C shows interstitial infiltration of both lungs of patient 8 on day 4 of illness; panel D shows the rapid progression to ARDS by day 6.
Figure 4
Timing of the clinical course and oseltamivir treatment for 4 patients who survived and 8 patients who died of human influenza A (H5N1) infection, Thailand, 2004.
Figure 5
Pathologic findings from a patient (number 6) with confirmed influenza A (H5N1) infection. All slides are stained with hematoxylin and eosin, shown at 40x objective. Panel A shows hyaline membrane formation lining the alveolar spaces of the lung and vascular congestion with a few infiltrating lymphocytes in the interstitial areas. Reactive fibroblasts are also present. Panel B is an area of lung with proliferating reactive fibroblasts within the interstitial areas. Few lymphocytes are seen, and no viral intranuclear inclusions are visible. Panel C shows fibrinous exudates filling the alveolar spaces, with organizing formation and few hyaline membranes. The surrounding alveolar spaces contain hemorrhage. Panel D is from a section of spleen, showing numerous atypical lymphoid cells scattered around the white pulp. No viral intranuclear inclusions are seen.
Figure 6
Seasonal variation in viral isolations of human influenza A (H3N2), A (H1N1), and B, in Thailand.
Similar articles
- [Influenza A (H5N1) in Hong Kong: Forerunner of a pandemic or just a scientifically interesting phenomenon and a useful exercise in pandemiology?].
de Jong JC, Claas EC, Osterhaus AD. de Jong JC, et al. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998 May 30;142(22):1252-6. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1998. PMID: 9749297 Review. Dutch. - [Influenza A(H5N1) in Hong Kong: forerunner of a pandemic or an only scientifically interesting phenomenon and a useful exercise in pandemiology?].
de Jong JC, Claas EC, Osterhaus AD. de Jong JC, et al. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1998 May 1;123(9):278-82. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1998. PMID: 9602508 Review. Dutch. - Outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Asia and interim recommendations for evaluation and reporting of suspected cases--United States, 2004.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Feb 13;53(5):97-100. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004. PMID: 14961001 - Avian influenza A (H5N1) in 10 patients in Vietnam.
Tran TH, Nguyen TL, Nguyen TD, Luong TS, Pham PM, Nguyen vV, Pham TS, Vo CD, Le TQ, Ngo TT, Dao BK, Le PP, Nguyen TT, Hoang TL, Cao VT, Le TG, Nguyen DT, Le HN, Nguyen KT, Le HS, Le VT, Christiane D, Tran TT, Menno de J, Schultsz C, Cheng P, Lim W, Horby P, Farrar J; World Health Organization International Avian Influenza Investigative Team. Tran TH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2004 Mar 18;350(12):1179-88. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040419. Epub 2004 Feb 25. N Engl J Med. 2004. PMID: 14985470 - Update: isolation of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from human beings--Hong Kong, 1997-1998.
Pollack CV Jr, Kam CW, Mak YK. Pollack CV Jr, et al. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 May;31(5):647-9. Ann Emerg Med. 1998. PMID: 9581152 No abstract available.
Cited by
- Modeling transmission of avian influenza viruses at the human-animal-environment interface in Cuba.
Montano Valle DLN, Berezowski J, Delgado-Hernández B, Hernández AQ, Percedo-Abreu MI, Alfonso P, Carmo LP. Montano Valle DLN, et al. Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 11;11:1415559. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1415559. eCollection 2024. Front Vet Sci. 2024. PMID: 39055861 Free PMC article. - Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection.
Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Kirk NM, et al. Pathogens. 2023 Dec 29;13(1):35. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13010035. Pathogens. 2023. PMID: 38251342 Free PMC article. Review. - Severe pneumonia with co-infection of H5N1 and SARS-CoV-2: a case report.
Jin K, Dai Z, Shi P, Li Y, Zhu C. Jin K, et al. BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 2;24(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08901-w. BMC Infect Dis. 2024. PMID: 38166668 Free PMC article. - Unusual pediatric lung infections: imaging findings.
Plut D, Winant AJ, Mahomed N, Sodhi KS, Kasznia-Brown J, Williams-Weekes T, Daltro P, Das KM, Lee EY. Plut D, et al. Pediatr Radiol. 2024 Apr;54(4):516-529. doi: 10.1007/s00247-023-05818-z. Epub 2023 Dec 14. Pediatr Radiol. 2024. PMID: 38097820 Free PMC article. Review. - A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19.
Luo J, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Gao R. Luo J, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 28;24(7):6369. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076369. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37047339 Free PMC article. Review.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical