Insights on evolution of virulence and resistance from the complete genome analysis of an early methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain and a biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain - PubMed (original) (raw)

FIG. 1.

Circular representation of the sequenced S. aureus and S. epidermidis genomes. Each concentric circle represents genomic data for S. aureus (A) and S. epidermidis (B) and is numbered from the outermost circle to the innermost circle. The outermost circles indicate the genome coordinates in base pairs. The second and third circles represent the predicted S. aureus COL and S. epidermidis RP62a ORFs on the plus and minus strands, respectively, colored by role categories: salmon, amino acid biosynthesis; light blue, biosynthesis of cofactors and prosthetic groups and carriers; light green, cell envelope; red, cellular processes; brown, central intermediary metabolism; yellow, DNA metabolism; green, energy metabolism; purple, fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism; pink, protein fate and synthesis; orange, purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides; blue, regulatory functions; grey, transcription; teal, transport and binding proteins; black, hypothetical and conserved hypothetical proteins. The fourth (strain COL), fifth (strain Mu50), sixth (strain N315), and seventh (strain MW2) circles in S. aureus and the fourth (strain RP62a) and fifth (strain ATCC 12228) circles in S. epidermidis indicate genome islands involved in virulence (red or yellow), regulatory loci (agr) (blue-green), prophage (black), SSC_mec_ (blue), SSC_pbp4_ (orange), integrated plasmids (pink), STAR elements (brown), transposable elements (dark green), and CRISPR regions (light blue). The 8th (strain Mu50), 9th (strain N315), and 10th (strain MW2) circles in S. aureus and the sixth (strain ATCC 12228) circle in S. epidermidis represent the number of SNPs per 5 kb compared to S. aureus strain COL and S. epidermidis strain RP62a. Gold ticks, 1 to 75 SNPs; red ticks, 76 to 200 SNPs; dark green ticks, 201 to 300 SNPs; blue ticks, more than 301 SNPs. Complete DNA sequence and annotation for S. aureus MW2, N315, and Mu50 and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 were obtained from GenBank accession numbers BA000033, BA000018, BA000017, and AE015929, respectively.