"Vivo para consumirla y la consumo para vivir" ["I live to inject and inject to live"]: high-risk injection behaviors in Tijuana, Mexico - PubMed (original) (raw)
"Vivo para consumirla y la consumo para vivir" ["I live to inject and inject to live"]: high-risk injection behaviors in Tijuana, Mexico
Steffanie A Strathdee et al. J Urban Health. 2005 Sep.
Abstract
Injection drug use is a growing problem on the US-Mexico border, where Tijuana is situated. We studied the context of injection drug use among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana to help guide future research and interventions. Guided in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 male and 10 female current IDUs in Tijuana. Topics included types of drug used, injection settings, access to sterile needles, and environmental influences. Interviews were taped, transcribed verbatim, and translated. Content analysis was conducted to identify themes. Of the 20 IDUs, median age and age at first injection were 30 and 18. Most reported injecting at least daily: heroin ("carga", "chiva", "negra"), methamphetamine ("crico", "cri-cri"), or both drugs combined. In sharp contrast to Western US cities, almost all regularly attended shooting galleries ("yongos" or "picaderos") because of the difficulties obtaining syringes and police oppression. Almost all shared needles/paraphernalia ["cuete" (syringe), "cacharros" (cookers), cotton from sweaters/socks (filters)]. Some reported obtaining syringes from the United States. Key themes included (1) pharmacies refusing to sell or charging higher prices to IDUs, (2) ample availability of used/rented syringes from "picaderos" (e.g., charging approximately 5 pesos or "10 drops" of drug), and (3) poor HIV/AIDS knowledge, such as beliefs that exposing syringes to air "kills germs." This qualitative study suggests that IDUs in Tijuana are at high risk of HIV and other blood-borne infections. Interventions are urgently needed to expand access to sterile injection equipment and offset the potential for a widespread HIV epidemic.
Figures
FIGURE
Conceptual model depicting relationships between contextual factors and risk of blood-borne infections among injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana.
Similar articles
- A qualitative exploration of gender in the context of injection drug use in two US-Mexico border cities.
Cruz MF, Mantsios A, Ramos R, Case P, Brouwer KC, Ramos ME, Fraga WD, Latkin CA, Miller CL, Strathdee SA. Cruz MF, et al. AIDS Behav. 2007 Mar;11(2):253-62. doi: 10.1007/s10461-006-9148-9. AIDS Behav. 2007. PMID: 16865542 Free PMC article. - Injecting drug users' experiences of policing practices in two Mexican-U.S. border cities: public health perspectives.
Miller CL, Firestone M, Ramos R, Burris S, Ramos ME, Case P, Brouwer KC, Fraga MA, Strathdee SA. Miller CL, et al. Int J Drug Policy. 2008 Aug;19(4):324-31. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Nov 9. Int J Drug Policy. 2008. PMID: 17997089 Free PMC article. - At the borders, on the edge: use of injected methamphetamine in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
Case P, Ramos R, Brouwer KC, Firestone-Cruz M, Pollini RA, Fraga MA, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. Case P, et al. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008 Feb;10(1):23-33. doi: 10.1007/s10903-007-9051-0. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008. PMID: 17516170 Free PMC article. - Injection drug users' practices and attitudes toward intervention and potential for reducing the transmission of HIV.
McCoy CB, Metsch LR, Page JB, McBride DC, Comerford ST. McCoy CB, et al. Med Anthropol. 1997 Dec;18(1):35-60. doi: 10.1080/01459740.1997.9966149. Med Anthropol. 1997. PMID: 9458667 Review. - Pharmacy nonprescription syringe distribution and HIV/AIDS: a review.
Janulis P. Janulis P. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2012;52(6):787-97. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2012.11136. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2012. PMID: 23229966 Review.
Cited by
- "Injection first": a unique group of injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico.
Morris MD, Brouwer KC, Lozada RM, Gallardo M, Vera A, Strathdee SA. Morris MD, et al. Am J Addict. 2012 Jan-Feb;21(1):23-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00194.x. Epub 2011 Dec 15. Am J Addict. 2012. PMID: 22211343 Free PMC article. - High prevalence of abscesses and self-treatment among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico.
Pollini RA, Gallardo M, Hasan S, Minuto J, Lozada R, Vera A, Zúñiga ML, Strathdee SA. Pollini RA, et al. Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Sep;14 Suppl 3:e117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2238. Epub 2010 Apr 8. Int J Infect Dis. 2010. PMID: 20381396 Free PMC article. - Predictors of needle exchange program utilization during its implementation and expansion in Tijuana, Mexico.
Smith DM, Werb D, Abramovitz D, Magis-Rodriguez C, Vera A, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA; for Proyecto El Cuete. Smith DM, et al. Am J Addict. 2016 Mar;25(2):118-24. doi: 10.1111/ajad.12326. Epub 2016 Jan 14. Am J Addict. 2016. PMID: 26765073 Free PMC article. - Social and environmental determinants influencing injection drug use and HIV risk among two sister cities on the US-Mexico border: a comparative cross-sectional study, 2016-2018.
Lechuga J, Ramos R, Ludwig-Barron N, Perez G, Ramos ME, Ferreira-Pinto JB, Cordero JI, Sauceda J, Salazar J. Lechuga J, et al. Harm Reduct J. 2023 Jul 3;20(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12954-023-00802-0. Harm Reduct J. 2023. PMID: 37400843 Free PMC article. - Mujer Mas Segura (Safer Women): a combination prevention intervention to reduce sexual and injection risks among female sex workers who inject drugs.
Vera A, Abramovitz D, Lozada R, Martinez G, Rangel MG, Staines H, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. Vera A, et al. BMC Public Health. 2012 Aug 14;12:653. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-653. BMC Public Health. 2012. PMID: 22891807 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
References
- INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica) Preliminary Results for the XII National Population and Housing Census-2000; Resultados Preliminares del XII Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2000; México, Distrito Federal. 2000.
- COPLADEM (Comité de Planeación para el Desarrollo del Estado de México) Plan Municipal de Desarrollo 1996–1998, Tijuana. SDSU Institute for Regional Studies of the Californias. [Accessed April 15, 2005]. Available at: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~irsc/tjreport/tj9.html.
- SDSU Institute for Regional Studies of the Californias. [Accessed April 15, 2005]. Available at: http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~irsc/tjreport/tj3.html.
- Lange JE, Lauer EM, Voas RB. A survey of the San Diego-Tijuana cross-border binging. Eval Rev. 1999;23:378–398. - PubMed
- Huntington SP. The Hispanic challenge. Foreign Policy [serial online] [Accessed June 30, 2004]. Available at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2495.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
- R01 DA019829-01A1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- R01 DA019829-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- R01 DA019829/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- DA09225-S11/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- R01 DA019829-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- R01 DA009225-10S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- 5T32 AI07384/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- R01 DA019829-02S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- T32 AI007384/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- R01 DA009225/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
- P30 AI036214/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
- AI36214-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Miscellaneous