Variable molecular clocks in hominoids - PubMed (original) (raw)
Variable molecular clocks in hominoids
Navin Elango et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006.
Abstract
Generation time is an important determinant of a neutral molecular clock. There are several human-specific life history traits that led to a substantially longer generation time in humans than in other hominoids. Indeed, a long generation time is considered an important trait that distinguishes humans from their closest relatives. Therefore, humans may exhibit a significantly slower molecular clock as compared to other hominoids. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed a large-scale analysis of lineage-specific rates of single-nucleotide substitutions among hominoids. We found that humans indeed exhibit a significant slowdown of molecular evolution compared to chimpanzees and other hominoids. However, the amount of fixed differences between humans and chimpanzees appears extremely small, suggesting a very recent evolution of human-specific life history traits. Notably, chimpanzees also exhibit a slower rate of molecular evolution compared to gorillas and orangutans in the regions analyzed.
Figures
Fig. 1.
Neighbor-joining tree of the five species compared in this study, based on data from the noncoding regions of EnM001. Branch lengths are the number of substitutions per 1,000 bp.
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