Condensin I stabilizes chromosomes mechanically through a dynamic interaction in live cells - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 2006 Feb 21;16(4):333-44.
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.040.
Affiliations
- PMID: 16488867
- DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.12.040
Free article
Condensin I stabilizes chromosomes mechanically through a dynamic interaction in live cells
Daniel Gerlich et al. Curr Biol. 2006.
Free article
Abstract
Background: Restructuring chromatin into morphologically distinct chromosomes is essential for cell division, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Condensin complexes have been proposed as key factors, although controversial conclusions about their contribution to chromosome structure were reached by different experimental approaches in fixed cells or cell extracts. Their function under physiological conditions still needs to be defined.
Results: Here, we investigated the specific functions of condensin I and II in live cells by fluorescence microscopy and RNAi depletion. Photobleaching and quantitative time-lapse imaging showed that GFP-tagged condensin II bound stably to chromosomes throughout mitosis. By contrast, the canonical condensin I interacted dynamically with chromatin after completion of prophase compaction, reaching steady-state levels on chromosomes before congression. In condensin I-depleted cells, compaction was normal, but chromosomes were mechanically labile and unable to withstand spindle forces during alignment. However, normal levels of condensin II were not required for chromosome stability.
Conclusions: We conclude that while condensin I seems dispensable for normal chromosome compaction, its dynamic binding after nuclear envelope breakdown locks already condensed chromatin in a rigid state required for mechanically stable spindle attachment.
Similar articles
- Aurora B controls the association of condensin I but not condensin II with mitotic chromosomes.
Lipp JJ, Hirota T, Poser I, Peters JM. Lipp JJ, et al. J Cell Sci. 2007 Apr 1;120(Pt 7):1245-55. doi: 10.1242/jcs.03425. Epub 2007 Mar 13. J Cell Sci. 2007. PMID: 17356064 - Distinct functions of condensin I and II in mitotic chromosome assembly.
Hirota T, Gerlich D, Koch B, Ellenberg J, Peters JM. Hirota T, et al. J Cell Sci. 2004 Dec 15;117(Pt 26):6435-45. doi: 10.1242/jcs.01604. Epub 2004 Nov 30. J Cell Sci. 2004. PMID: 15572404 - Negative regulation of condensin I by CK2-mediated phosphorylation.
Takemoto A, Kimura K, Yanagisawa J, Yokoyama S, Hanaoka F. Takemoto A, et al. EMBO J. 2006 Nov 15;25(22):5339-48. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601394. Epub 2006 Oct 26. EMBO J. 2006. PMID: 17066080 Free PMC article. - Condensins: organizing and segregating the genome.
Hirano T. Hirano T. Curr Biol. 2005 Apr 12;15(7):R265-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.037. Curr Biol. 2005. PMID: 15823530 Review. - Condensin and biological role of chromosome condensation.
Strunnikov AV. Strunnikov AV. Prog Cell Cycle Res. 2003;5:361-7. Prog Cell Cycle Res. 2003. PMID: 14593730 Review.
Cited by
- Regulation of the mitotic chromosome folding machines.
Dekker B, Dekker J. Dekker B, et al. Biochem J. 2022 Oct 28;479(20):2153-2173. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20210140. Biochem J. 2022. PMID: 36268993 Free PMC article. - Contrasting roles of condensin I and condensin II in mitotic chromosome formation.
Green LC, Kalitsis P, Chang TM, Cipetic M, Kim JH, Marshall O, Turnbull L, Whitchurch CB, Vagnarelli P, Samejima K, Earnshaw WC, Choo KH, Hudson DF. Green LC, et al. J Cell Sci. 2012 Mar 15;125(Pt 6):1591-604. doi: 10.1242/jcs.097790. Epub 2012 Feb 17. J Cell Sci. 2012. PMID: 22344259 Free PMC article. - Towards building a chromosome segregation machine.
Bloom K, Joglekar A. Bloom K, et al. Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):446-56. doi: 10.1038/nature08912. Nature. 2010. PMID: 20110988 Free PMC article. Review. - The Arabidopsis CAP-D proteins are required for correct chromatin organisation, growth and fertility.
Schubert V, Lermontova I, Schubert I. Schubert V, et al. Chromosoma. 2013 Dec;122(6):517-33. doi: 10.1007/s00412-013-0424-y. Epub 2013 Aug 9. Chromosoma. 2013. PMID: 23929493 - Condensin I is required for faithful meiosis in Drosophila males.
Kleinschnitz K, Vießmann N, Jordan M, Heidmann SK. Kleinschnitz K, et al. Chromosoma. 2020 Jun;129(2):141-160. doi: 10.1007/s00412-020-00733-w. Epub 2020 Apr 8. Chromosoma. 2020. PMID: 32314039 Free PMC article.