Subgingival and tongue microbiota during early periodontitis - PubMed (original) (raw)

Comparative Study

Subgingival and tongue microbiota during early periodontitis

A C R Tanner et al. J Dent Res. 2006 Apr.

Abstract

Periodontal infections have a microbial etiology. Association of species with early disease would be useful in determining which microbes initiate periodontitis. We hypothesized that the microbiota of subgingival and tongue samples would differ between early periodontitis and health. A cross-sectional evaluation of 141 healthy and early periodontitis adults was performed with the use of oligonucleotide probes and PCR. Most species differed in associations with sample sites; most subgingival species were associated with subgingival samples. Few species were detected more frequently in early periodontitis by DNA probes. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia (Tannerella forsythensis) were associated with early periodontitis by direct PCR. In conclusion, the microbiota of tongue samples was less sensitive than that of subgingival samples in detecting periodontal species, and there was overlap in species detected in health and early periodontitis. Detection of periodontal pathogens in early periodontitis suggests an etiology similar to that of more advanced disease.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Species detected by oligonucleotide DNA probes in reverse-capture checkerboard assay from paired tongue and subgingival samples of 121 healthy and early periodontitis individuals. Species detected more frequently from tongue samples are at the top of the Fig., and those detected more frequently subgingivally are at the bottom of the Fig. #Species prevalence differs, tongue vs. subgingival, McNemar’s Chi-square p < 0.05. *Species-associated tongue and subgingival Chi-square for associations, p < 0.05.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Species detected by oligonucleotide DNA probes from pooled molar subgingival plaque samples from 28 healthy, 71 early periodontitis 1, and 42 early periodontitis 2 individuals. Health-associated species are at the top of the Fig., whereas species detected more frequently in early periodontitis 2 are at the bottom of the Fig. Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square for Trend: * p ≤0.05, ** p ≤0.01.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Detection of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia in 124 paired tongue and subgingival samples of 23 healthy, 59 early periodontitis 1, and 42 early periodontitis 2 individuals, by means of the multiple PCR assay. There was no difference in P. gingivalis detection between tongue and subgingival samples, but T. forsythia was detected more frequently subgingivally (p = 0.001). P. gingivalis in tongue and subgingival samples (p < 0.001) and T. forsythia in subgingival samples (p < 0.03) were associated with early periodontitis.

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