Searching for ways out of the autism maze: genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

. 2006 Jul;29(7):349-358.

doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.05.010. Epub 2006 Jun 30.

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• PMID: 16808981
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.05.010

Review

Searching for ways out of the autism maze: genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues

Antonio M Persico et al. Trends Neurosci. 2006 Jul.

Abstract

Our understanding of human disorders that affect higher cognitive functions has greatly advanced in recent decades, and over 20 genes associated with non-syndromic mental retardation have been identified during the past 15 years. However, proteins encoded by "cognition genes" have such diverse neurodevelopmental functions that delineating specific pathogenetic pathways still poses a tremendous challenge. In this review, we summarize genetic, epigenetic and environmental contributions to neurodevelopmental alterations that either cause or confer vulnerability to autism, a disease primarily affecting social cognition. Taken together, these results begin to provide a unifying view of complex pathogenetic pathways that are likely to lead to autism spectrum disorders through altered neurite morphology, synaptogenesis and cell migration. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue "Nature and nurture in brain development and neurological disorders", based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com/).

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